Discussion about 2 CR

cook

1. Easayist The existence of a moral order in the universe—i.e..an order in which bad is always eventually punished and good rewarded—depends upon human souls being immortal. In some cultures this moral order is regarded as the result of a karma that controls how one is reincarnated, in others it results from the actions of a supreme being who metes out justice to people after their death. But however a moral order is represented if human souls are immortal then if follows that the bad will be punished

　　Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the essayist's reasoning?

(A) From the assertion that something is necessary to a moral order the 　　argument concludes that that thing is sufficient for an element of the moral 　　order to be realized
(B) The argument takes mere beliefs to be established facts
(C) From the claim that the immortality of human souls implies that there is a 　　moral order in the universe the argument concludes that there being a 　　moral order in the universe implies that human souls are immortal
(D) The argument treats two fundamentally different conceptions of a moral 　　order as essentially the same
(E) The argument's conclusion is presupposed in the definition it gives of a 　　moral order.
==========================
D  

2. No mathematical proposition can be proven true by observation. It follows that it is impossible to know any mathematical proposition to be true

　　The conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

(A) Only propositions that can be proven true can be known to be true
(B) Observation alone cannot be used to prove the truth of any proposition
(C) If a proposition can be proven true by observation then it can be known to be 　　true.
(D) Knowing a proposition to be true is impossible only if it cannot be prove true 　　by observation
(E) Knowing a proposition to be true requires proving it true by observation

====================
E

But how to understand quickly between E and D. what 's the equal logial structure ?  thanks! Otherwise, sometime , I felt good at it but sometimes I just lost.

raonx

thank you so much! cook

cook

I busied myself with friend's wedding those days and just reconcentrate myself right now.  Feel sorry for myself! Ok ! Let start.

This question I uploaded from eLSAT, the answer is D,with Which I initially agreed . Because I thought the Essayist talk two different moral orders. But after repeatedly reading it, I think it is A. The explaination of Raonx is excellent. .A.... depends on B..---> A -> B
If B. Then.A.--> B->A

What the difference between D and A derived from the understanding of stimulate.
The structure is the existence of a moral order i.e an order....... In some culture, this moral order is ......, in others it results from ....... . But however....., .......

How come I think the answer is D again. We sould check what the priority of ETS to such question.

raonx

天那! 到地哪个对啊? 请高人出来指点.

licheng

hello~
damn, i think raonx is right though...after some scrutiny...
:~(
maybe i have thought about that question too much
hum...
SORRIE GUYS

raonx

谢 licheng 指点

licheng

depends on  等价于 necessary?
let me give an example:

a GMATer's score depends on whether he likes GMAT or not.

there are two options: he likes, and the other, he doesn;t like.

can we say:
THat a GMATer loves GMAT is necessary for a high score, and
THat a GMATer doesn't like GMAT is necessary for a high score.

?

i don;t think so

raonx

请问 licheng :

我分析的 A 是否有道理? 谢了!

licheng

靠感觉啊：）
还有就是先读短的句子，如果对了就对了，
如果不对就排除啊：）

raonx

From the first sentence, moral order ...depends upon human souls being immortal.

the human souls being immortal is necessary for moral order.

while in last sentence,if human souls are immortal..,itf follows that the bad will be punished.
here, human souls are immortal becomes sufficient for sth.

therefore I think A--- From the assertion that something is necessary to a moral order the argument concludes that that thing is sufficient for an element of the moral order to be realized
is correct.