kimchi

2.[发论文]

录用人的时候依照该人发表的文章数（还是好文章数？）来判断这个人的。（有原题，大家可以搜搜）

问假设

Junior biomedical researchers have long assumed that their hirings and promotions depend
significantly on the amount of their published work.  People responsible for making hiring and
promotion decisions in the biomedical research field, however, are influenced much more by
the overall impact that a candidate's scientific publications have on his or her field than by the
number of those publications.
The information above, if accurate, argues most strongly against which of the following claims?
A. Even biomedical researchers who are just beginning their careers are expected already to
have published articles of major significance to the field.
B. Contributions to the field of biomedical research are generally considered to be significant
only if the work is published.
C. The potential scientific importance of not-yet-published work is sometimes taken into
account in decisions regarding the hiring or promotion of biomedical researchers.
D. People responsible for hiring or promoting biomedical researchers can reasonably be
expected to make a fair assessment of the overall impact of a candidate's publications on his or
her field.
E. Biomedical researchers can substantially increase their chances of promotion by
fragmenting their research findings so that they are published in several journals instead of
one

问假设选D， 问削弱选E,

kimchi

1.[犯罪监视器]

有个地方，1995年为了降低犯罪率，在downtown安装了摄像头来监视，结果发现95年crime committed的数量比往年还多，而其他没安装摄像头的地方的crime没变，结论是安装摄像头没达到目的。

问：监视效果没达到，为什么
(Expl.)
a，大家都知道这个摄像头装在哪
d，95年全市的crime committed的数量比94年还少
狗主答案D （这里也有同学建议选A,还有更好的建议，大家见到选项的时候酌情考虑呀）

另外，taylorhy
AMY晓慧建议更优选项：
因为装上摄像头了，然后report了很多以前就没发现的crimes ,之前的crimes不是少，而是被发现的少

考古：

V1：某市警察局在downtown安了很多camera防止犯罪，但是2005年的整个city的犯罪率还高于2004年，问下列哪些答案解释了2005年犯罪率不降反升的原因：
选项：A.2005年由于缺乏保养，很多安在downtown的camera都out of work（不足以证明为什么犯罪率会不将反升）
B.2005年总的犯罪率跟其他年份相比，其实是在下降的
V2：在downtown安装摄像头，为了防止犯罪，但是犯罪率却上升了，解释原因
我选的是因为以前不知道的犯罪被摄像头拍下才知道的（这个比较确定）其他的选项都是些无关比较
---我理解的是以前没有被发现的犯罪被摄像头照下来。。所以犯罪的多了
V3：一个地方在城市里的一个district安装了个能监视犯罪活动的监控摄像头以来控制这个district的犯罪率。结果一年后统计发现这个district的犯罪率反而比那些没有安装摄像头的地区增加了，然后得出conclusion说按这个摄像头是没用的。Weaken：我选的是有了摄像头以后能够统计到的犯罪活动就比以前多了。感觉V2V3一个意思~

V4：犯罪率----这个答案好像跟狗主叙述的差不多。。。

变体！一个system能够监视罪犯的犯罪现象，但好像并没有什么效果。可是人们发现再安装该system的地方，犯罪现象还是有了明显的减少。

问如何Explain：public都know the location of the system

V5在m市里，1000人中的犯罪的人在4年里增长了百分之60，而在p市里，这个ratio 只是百分之10，所以，m市的市民会比p市暴露在更多的危险中

Evaluation

V6有个犯罪率的题，但是貌似是两个城市比较，有一个增长率很高，另一个没怎么变，所以得出结论：第一个城市的人比第二个城市的人容易犯罪。
问评价

最后我选的是要知道当年两个城市的犯罪率

The violent crime rate (number of violent crimes per 1,000 residents) in Meadowbrook is 60 percent higher now than it was four years ago. The corresponding increase for Parkdale is only 10 percent. These figures support the conclusion that residents of Meadowbrook are more likely to become victims of violent crime than are residents of Parkdale.

The argument above is flawed because it fails to take into account

• Changes in the population density of both Meadowbrook and Parkdale over the past four years.
• How the rate of population growth in Meadowbrook over the past four years compares to the corresponding rate for Parkdale
• The ratio of violent to nonviolent crimes committed during the past four years in Meadowbrook and Parkdale
• The violent crime rates in Meadowbrook and Parkdale four years ago
• How Meadowbrooks’ expenditures for crime prevention over the past four years compare to Parkdale’s expenditures.

答案选D