- 精华
- 4
- 积分
- 4512
- 经验
- 4512 点
- 威望
- 394 点
- 金钱
- 1358 ¥
- 魅力
- 742
|
1.2. Human (Woman) Rights
1.2.1. 美国妇女家庭地位和财产税的关系**
感谢 wtbzeus
文言文 Golden & penglili 已确认
V1
Chinese & English 整合版
关于十九世纪美国妇女的财产权的长文,大概有两片短文的长度。讲状况及一些学者的评论。
第一段:概括某一新法案M实施前的状况,在common law的情况下,妇女结婚后财产就归丈夫所有了。此时丈夫对妻子的财产有很大的支配权利。妇女只有通过一个似乎叫equity court的机构才有可能得到对自己财产的权利。
第二段:讲十九世纪中期爆发了经济危机。因为有人担心“丈夫破产会连带将妻子的财产也失去”,于是出来了一个新的法案。学者1(S)的观点是这个法案极大的改变了妇女的status and 对自己结婚前后的财产的权利。
第三段:讲了不同学者(1. Sammas, 2. Beard, 3. Salmons)间的评价。第一句话是学者2(B)的观点,是他认为在M实施前已经有equity court这个东西,对于“保护妇女财产”有积极的作用了。然后是学者1继续反对(或者学者3站出来)B的观点。 说以前的equity court在不同的州开展的情况不一样,例如Connecticut 和 Massachusetts州,在这些州里面有很多传统保守实力,反对这种社会、法律发展的趋势,阻碍了M的实施。最后一句话,讲了有些人愿意接受这种法律,也是为了破产的丈夫把财产转移给妻子,赖债权人的钱。
In English
Married women's property rights and their social status
Saying in the 18 and early 19 century, common laws dictated that when a woman is married, her husband takes over all her properties. The man had control the right to use the woman's properties while she lived and became the owner of the properties upon the woman's death. Only one thing can prevent this from happening, something like "pre-marriage settlement"
Then. some law about women's right of property was finally established!! then blah blah blah, how good the law was and things like that. Then, a scholar named Sammas? said this law substantially changed women's status.
BUT, another scholar named Beard? disagreed with Sammas and said the effects of this new law was overstated because before this new law was established, there always existed "equity court" that serve the same purpose.
BUT, a third scholar named Salmon came out to challenge Beard. Salmon said equity court can't do much because most states were very hostile against equity court and in the cases where the court gave women the right of properties, some were attempts made by men to transfer all properties to their women to avoid consequences of bankruptcy.
1 主旨题:(提出观点) 讲述社会变化,对比学者观点/to chronicle laws regarding women's right of properties and examine the implication to women's status (文章的重心是在第二个学者的言论,应该属于提出观点的文章,要突出这个)
2 (实施M后来的结果?)答案:M的实施并不普遍,并且对它的接受不大好。
3 立法原因:有一题是关于婚后财产是归老公支配的。
4 这些州立法的时间:(大家考试的时候注意下)
5 通过法律你能infer出什么:not universal in all states (Universal同义替换,康涅狄格和麻省为证)
6 最后一句的作用:(猜测)作为Salmons反对Beard的又一个例子。
7 inferred from the passage, what would Beard mostly likely think of equity court: it substantially improve women's status |
|