bigpig

6. 就记得一题，语法点比较单一。考的是one of the features (is/are)。。。我选的是 is。。 如果是定语从句，我会选that are.. 不过这里我觉得还是应该用is…
还有有两道题都考到了parallel。但是都不是唯一考点。


回顾此语法点：one of ＋n 单复数问题 （详细见上第二题的总结）

回顾此语法点： 平行并列类
平行类四大原则详细见第三题的最后一个语法点总结

bigpig

5..The government enacted new laws to help the loaners 中间忘了because they spend money, to get back premium slightly, on the banks that have gone out of business 大概是这个样子

此题因为没有其它选项，很难说考点是什么。不过我昨天有看一下曼哈顿的预发，提醒大家考试时一个总的思考规律吧，请先考虑1）再考虑2）最后考虑3）

（这个总结肯定不全面，但是就是起个抛砖引玉的效果，如果你们个人有自己独到的方法，就忽略我说得吧～）

1）Grammar
（这个方面我就不多说啦，大家自己心里过一下吧，几大类）

2）Meaning：

         （a）用词／选词，比如：词相似但是意不同

Economic-经济的； economical-节约的；合算的；有效的

Aggravate-加重，恶化； aggravating-令人愤怒的

Known as –被认为是，很著名； known to be-被承认…

Loss of –失去；loss in-贬值

Mandate-命令；have a mandate-拥有选举权

Native of- （人）来自；native to –物种起源于

Range of –多种的； ranging-变化

Rate of –速度或频率； rates for – 价格…

Rise –上升； raise-（打赌或工资）上涨

Such as –比如； like-好像 （举例只能用such as, 不能用like）

Try to do –努力去完成； try doing –尝试去做

                                       比如： may／must／will／should语气词的选用

（大家自己回忆一下吧，做过什么题是要区别这些语气词的呀。）

            （b） 词的位置，比如：only／all ／the 这些小小词的位置

                                        比如：介词的位置

            （c） 词与词的搭配，注意要逻辑上说得通，还有代词要指代清楚。

3）Concision：

            （a）wordy：主动大于被动；

                                  动词优于形容词优于名词；

                                  凡是能用一两个词语表达清楚的，就不用从句 比如：the way in which＝how那么选择how，而不用the way in which

            （b）重复：
being这个词总是容易引起重复的嫌疑，大家要注意噢。看到being选项，再多看看别的选项，是否有更简洁的说法。

NN们总结的容易“重复”的词 （有点多，大家有选择的看吖 ）

Achieve a gain
／
Pay the payment
／
Possibility & might
／
Both & alike
／
Soar & rise
／  

Amount to & sum
／
Decline, declension & down
／
Manifestation & show
／
Attempt & try
／

Annual & a year
／
Can (表示可能) & potentially
／
Orbit & around
／
By the name of & be known as
／

Likely & maybe
／
Never & again

it is doing and will continue to do/have been and will continue to do => will continue to do

may be ＝ unlikely
／ It seems unlikely that...may...
／
and ＝also
／
attempt to ＝ try

Like A, B also
／
possibility....might/might possibly
／
annual...a year
／
can ＝potentially => are potentially
／
never regain again
／
Payments are not expected to be paid.
／
Although...but... ／ Because... therefore...

despite
<> yet
/
in the past <> previously
/ enable <> be able to
/
now <> currently
/ explained <> because of
/ even though <> but
/ although <> yet
/ reduced <> lowered
/ regain <> again
/ possible <> may
/ today <> now
/ enough <> so that

after ～when
／
substitute ～ in place of
／ once in every [number] [time] ／ both A as well as B
／ soar ～rise ～increase ／
increase/decrease ～up to/down to
～／ opposition～against
／ be able to/ability ～ afford
／ can ～ capability
／
can ～ potentially(can, potentially,…is right)
／
consequence ～ result
／ may ～likely
／ that of his own
／
return back
／although ～ may （我这里写出来的意思是条件或让步壮语从句中不应出现表uncertainty的词否则是redundancy）／
use as ～ borrow against
／ also ～ like/as ／
share the same ／
withhold disclosure
／
no less than/nothing other than(在完全美有比较的情况下赤裸裸的出现在名次前)
／

reason ～because

自己补充一个 due to ～ with the result （OG12－033）

Because an oversupply of computer chips has sent prices plunging, the manufacturer has announced that it will cut production by closing its factories for two days a month.

(A) Because an oversupply of computer chips has sent prices plunging,

(B) Because of plunging prices for computer chips, which is due to an oversupply,

(C) Because computer chip prices have been sent plunging, which resulted from an oversupply, 主动大于被动＋which误指代prices 句意改变

(D) Due to plunging computer chip prices from an oversupply, 表达方式太费劲

(E) Due to an oversupply, with the result that computer chip prices have been sent plunging,
”due to“
和
”with the result“
重复＋表达方式太费劲

正确答案：A

再补充一个 To Tom, this book is his ~~~

For Tom, this book is his ~~
(OG12-052)

To Josephine Baker, Paris was her home long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, and she remained in France during the Second World War as a performer and an intelligence agent for the Resistance.

(A) To Josephine Baker, Paris was her home long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate,
重复＋Paris做主语和后一句不符合

(B) For Josephine Baker, long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, Paris was her home,
重复＋两句的主语不一致

(C) Josephine Baker made Paris her home long before to be an expatriate was fashionable,
表达方式笨拙，可以有更简洁的

(D) Long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, Josephine Baker made Paris her home,

(E) Long before it was fashionable being an expatriate, Paris was home to Josephine Baker,
笨拙＋两句主语不一致

正确答案：D

bigpig

4.题目是真记不住了，但是有考到完成时，和such as, such that 的用法

[by annkatherine]

回顾此类语法点：完成时

我找一道og的题目，如下，然后配上NN的一点点解释，希望大家有个了解。

46.    A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers; the question is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are trimmed.

(A) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are

(B) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one once the animals' horns are

(C) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns have been

(D) if tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns are

(E) if tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one after the animals' horns have been

答案是C

有人问C中的once the animals' horns have been这个现在完成时的依据是什么呢？又没有特别的时间状语。

NN解答：其实完成时是一个冗余的语法元素。中文就没有完成时。

完成时的作用是强调实践的先后顺序，或者延续（其实这也可以被算在 一致性 里）。其实所有的内容都可以通过副词表达出来（中文就是这样的，如：已经，早就***了，正在，一直等等）。

文章中为了强调visitor是否愿意在动物被trim horn之后看表演，所以使用了完成时。但是就算不强调，其实句义也是完整，因为核心内容是visitor是否愿意看没有horn的动物表演。不影响句子，只不过有了完成时会更完美。   

回顾此类语法点：such as，such that的用法

＊关于such as

17.(25335-!-item-!-188;#058&002335)

The success of the program to eradicate smallpox has stimulated experts to pursue what they had not previously considered possible--better control, if not eradication, of the other infections such as measles and yaws.

(A) what they had not previously considered possible--better control, if not eradication, of the other infections such as

(B) what they had not previously considered a possibility--better control, if not eradication, of such infections like

(C) something they had not previously considered possible-better control, if not eradication, of such infections as

(D) something not considered a previous possibility--better control and perhaps eradication, of other infections such like as

(E) the possibility of what they had not previously considered--better control and possibly eradication of infections

答案是C

不考虑别的错误的情况下，有人问：不明白such as n和such n as 的区别，

NN回答：

such as n.和such n. as 都是可以用的，语法上没问题

such as A,(B,C...) 这里的名词表示举例之一

而such N. as ... 这里的名词表示集合，as后面表示举例

＊关于such that

such + adj +单/复数名词+从句：作“如此…以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句

longman例句：

It's such a tiny kitchen that I don't have to do much to keep it clean.

He came to such a sudden stop that we almost hit him.

网上例句：They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.

有讨论关于such that是否应该连用

NN回答：so that+从句表达目的，such that强调程度，

例句：Their anxiety was such that they could not sleep.
他们如此焦虑，难以入睡。

二者含义不同，应该是不能互换的

我刚才翻了prep，gwd，发现所有的题里面都没有一个such that连用的，so that用法很多

bigpig

3.
愈发：估计我就是栽在愈发上，没见什么长句，就知道这次挂了。但问题是我平时愈发都是80%的正确率啊，哎。句子肯定是回忆不起了，回忆几个愈发点吧：

1)

至少有两个考题考了because,because of +句子

2)


有个考题几个选项每个选项都有as far as could.. 不同的是后面分别跟 she was receptive of/to, was she receptive to..,句子在划线部分前面有个nor

[by
jeanblanc]

回顾此类语法点：because,because of +句子

because表示强因果，直接回答原因；而且，because puts more emphasis on the reason, and most often introduces new information which is not known to the listener/reader.

                                                                      －－－－－－－－－－

＊通过because 修饰的从属结构 有两个重要考点：

1. 主谓语宾要全，因为毕竟是一个句子

2.
不能单独形成一个完整的句子，必须依附于一个主句。

即：because＋完整的一套句子结构，另一套完整的句子结构。（当遇到because的题目时，看下结构是否完整，不仅仅because自己那部分的结构，还有整个句子的结构。

＊because of ＋名词（具有名词性功能的结构）

OG12上关于because和because of 的考题

6. In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the

Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for

cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by

tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so

that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus

was growing on the walls.

(A) due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which

raised its humidity to such levels so that salt

from the stone was crystallizing

(B) due to moisture that tourists had exhaled,

thereby raising its humidity to such levels that

salt from the stone would crystallize

(C) because tourists were exhaling moisture, which

had raised the humidity within them to levels

such that salt from the stone would crystallize

(D) because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists

raising the humidity within them to levels so high

as to make the salt from the stone crystallize

(E) because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised

the humidity within them to such levels that salt

from the stone was crystallizing

33. Because an oversupply of computer chips has sent

prices plunging, the manufacturer has announced that

it will cut production by closing its factories for two

days a month.

(A) Because an oversupply of computer chips has

sent prices plunging,

(B) Because of plunging prices for computer chips,

which is due to an oversupply,

(C) Because computer chip prices have been sent

plunging, which resulted from an oversupply,

(D) Due to plunging computer chip prices from an

oversupply,

(E) Due to an oversupply, with the result that

computer chip prices have been sent plunging,

83. In 2000, a mere two dozen products accounted for

half the increase in spending on prescription drugs,

a phenomenon that is explained not just because of

more expensive drugs but by the fact that doctors are

writing many more prescriptions for higher-cost drugs.

(A) a phenomenon that is explained not just because

of more expensive drugs but by the fact that

doctors are writing

(B) a phenomenon that is explained not just by the

fact that drugs are becoming more expensive

but also by the fact that doctors are writing

(C) a phenomenon occurring not just because of

drugs that are becoming more expensive but

because of doctors having also written

(D) which occurred not just because drugs are

becoming more expensive but doctors are also

writing

(E) which occurred not just because of more

expensive drugs but because doctors have also

written

［以上OG12三题答案：E
A
B］大家也可以核实一下啦，怕自己太粗心～

回顾此类语法点：receptive用法

正确用法：receptive to sth. （固定搭配）

例句：Tom is receptive to new developments. Tom对新事物接受的很快。

                                                

回顾此类语法点：与nor相关的可能考点

由于nor 这个地方狗主人给的不是很清楚 我只能妄加判断，把我认为跟nor沾边的考点都弄上来，希望大家选择性看：

1当nor跟单复数语法点有关时：

either or, neither nor

1） 就近原则：离谓语动词近的是单数，谓语动词就用单数；复数就用复数

Eg: Neither the coach nor the players are going to the beach.

2.）若仅仅只有either or neither, 没有or 、nor，则谓语动词一定要用单数

2当nor跟平行结构有关时：

作为平行结构的标志词之一的 neither～nor～

顺便复习一下平行的四大原则吧：

“平行”考点四大原则（形式绝对对称，功能性相对对称）

一，形式对称原则

平行结构的标志词－－and ／or／but／yet

平行结构的短语－－rather than / not only...but also... / from...to... / either...or... / neither...nor... / between...and... / both...and... / not...but rather... / not...but... / .......as well as.........

＊重要的平行结构：

介词短语与介词短语 ／ 名词与名词 ／ 动词与动词（不同时态的也可以） ／ 分词与分词 ／ 现在分词与过去分词（做定语）／ 形容词与形容词 ／ 名词短语与what从句 ／ 副词短语与介词短语（做状语）／ than从句与介词短语 ／ 不定式与不定式（后面的to可以省略）

for doing A, not B

be likely to do....and be unable to do..... (be不能省）

宾语从句并列，连词that不能省：主语＋v.＋that..., that...., and that.....

定语从句并列：n.+in which...., in which...., and in which.............

二，概念对等原则

具体名词和抽象名词概念不对等；名称名词和动作性名词不对等；整体概念和部分概念不对等；泛指和特指不对等

三，功能相同原则

1）不同类型的从句不能够并列，因为从句的功能不相同。比如：宾语从句和同位语从句不能并列，定语从句和宾语从句不能并列

2）不同功能的定语从句不能并列，因为关系词在定从中充当不同成分。比如：n.+where....and in which...这是可以的，n.+who......and whose........也是可以的，但是n.+where...and who...错误的。

四，意思单一原则

在平行结构中，并列项之间的连词链接的对象不能引起争议。当引起争议时，修改办法有2种：

1）添加相应的介词，如：call for A and for B; suspect sb. of doing A and of doing B

2）改变并列项的位置：如：the growing demand for housing, traffic congestion, and longer commuting trips 可以改为 traffic congestion, longer commuting trips, and the growing demand for housing

                                                       －－－－－－－－－－摘自《白勇语法全解》