bigpig

26.语法的题都极度诡异，
(1)有一道题是考平行，但是都用的分号不是逗号，关键是识别出来那也是平行结构就行。
(2)还有一道全划线，但是很简单，考了not only，but also，只有一个选项是完整的not only，but also

bigpig

25.第一题考了in addition to/as well as/besides这几个的用法

有一题是說the potential of conflict in interest--(破折号後面解釋了一下什么是 conflict in interest)然後考單複數 還有時態

最後一题考單複數和時態 挺簡單的

啰嗦两句 個人感覺這次语法挺难的 感覺我最后VERBAL不高跟语法有很大关系 題目乍一看不知道要考的语法点是啥 大家还是好好复习吧！~

回忆此考点：as well as

曾经有人问：

Can we say?

1. "A, B, as well as C".

(I think it should be "A, B, and C" or "A and B, as well as C")

2. "both A and B, as well as C"

NN回答：我认为不允许出现A, B, as well as C的结构，因为as well as不等于AND。as well as的用法是：它后面所接的是前面的若干（包括一个）个东西之后的一个补充，这个补充的东东在地位（性质上）无法与as well as之前的东东构成完美的平行与对称（否则就用AND连接）。如果as well as前面有二个或以上的东东并列，它之前的第一个东东的前面一定要有AND连接。所以A, B, as well as C在逻辑上本身就是有问题的。

的确应该改为"A, B, and C" or "A and B, as well as C"。至于到底是哪一种，要看这三者之间的逻辑关系。还有那"BOTH A AND B, AS WELL AS C"也应是对的

下面是所有阅读与改错中出现的支持上述结论的类似结构。我极为细致地搜遍了40余万字的所有阅读材料，没有找到一个A, B, as well as C的结构。

例题：

25. Europe’s travel industry is suffering as a result of a sluggish economy, a stretch of bad weather, as well as the chilling effects of terrorist activity that is persistent.

(A) as well as the chilling effects of terrorist activity that is persistent

(B) and the chilling effect of terrorist activity that is persistent

(C) but persistent terrorist activity has had a chilling effect too

(D) and the chilling effects of persistent terrorist

(E) as well as the chilling effects of terrorist activity that persists

A中的as well as不如正确答案D中的and好。尽管A可以用其他的办法排除。看来这的确是ETS的考点啊。多加小心！

18.    While all states face similar industrial waste problems, the predominating industries and regulatory environment of the states obviously determines the types and amounts of waste produced, as well as the cost of disposal.

(A) all states face similar industrial waste problems, the predominating industries and regulatory environment of the states obviously determines

(B) each state faces a similar industrial waste problem, their predominant industries and regulatory environment obviously determine

(C) all states face a similar industrial waste problem, their predominating industries and regulatory environment obviously determines

(D) each state faces similar industrial waste problems, the predominant industries and regulatory environment of each state obviously determines

(E) all states face similar industrial waste problems, the predominant industries and the regulatory environment of each state obviously determine

Multicellular plants and animals, as well as many unicellular organisms, are eukaryotic—their large, complex cells have a well-formed nucleus and many organelles.

Maps made by non-Native Americans to depict Native American land tenure, resources and population distributions appeared almost as early as Europeans’ first encounters with Native Americans and took many form: missionaries’ field sketches, explorers’ drawings, and surveyors’ maps, as well as maps rendered in connection with treaties involving land transfers.

Thus our current cartographic record relating to Native American tribes and their migrations and cultural features, as well as territoriality and contemporary trust lands, reflects the origins of the data, the mixed purposes for which the maps have been prepared, and changes both in United States government policy and in non-Native Americans’ attitudes toward an understanding of Native Americans.

He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors.

In particular, his actos contain the same assortment of semiallegorical characters and the same blend of music, chorus, and dialogue found in some of the agitprop pieces, as well as the same fierce spirit of social and political critique.

Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms that control it, were therefore among the first investigations of monkeys’ social behavior.

Among the factors that constrain the competitiveness of integrated producers are excessive labor, energy, and capital costs, as well as manufacturing inflexibility.

NN2补充：再加一例ETS专考and 和as well as的用法：

885/250-81：句型 and和as well as的区别。allows voters to propose and pass laws, as well as to repeal them

NN3补充：

3. 如果as well as 前面是动词不定式，那么其后的动词也是不定式，但to要省略。例如：

You cannot expect her to do the housework as well as look after the children.

4. 由as well as 连接的复合主语并不影响谓语动词的数。例如：

Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.

海伦和我一样急于要看演出。

I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们愿意帮助你，我也愿意帮助

6. as well as 用于肯定结构和否定结构中，其意义不同。as well as 和not搭配使用，as well as 位于not前时，两者均否定；位于not后时，否定前者，肯定后者。例如：

George, as well as his brother, has gone abroad.

乔治和他兄弟一样都出国了。

George hasn”t gone abroad as well as his brother.

乔治并没有和他兄弟一样出国去。（他兄弟一人出国）

George, as well as his brother, hasn”t gone abroad.

乔治和他兄弟都没有出国。

7. as well as 在意义上通常强调前者，而not only …but also在意义上则强调后者。例如：

He”s got a car as well as a motorbike.

他不但有一辆摩托车，而且有一辆小汽车。

（= He”s got not only a motorbike but also a car. ）

8. 注意as well as 有时会引起歧义句。例如：

He can speak french as well as English.

（1）他会说英语，也会说法语。

（2）他说法语能说得像英语一样好。（…as well as he speaks English）

bigpig

24.语法我还记得有个situated at 和 Positioned in 的那个，选situated 的这个，我还算是确定。

参见第11题，已经总结过

bigpig

23.只记得有个题是印度人很多，所以呢有比世界上其它国家都能装更多人的火车，选项有考到its trains 和with trains的比较。

回忆此预发点：with的用法

给一道og例题86题

The results of the company’s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell over

the last two years.

(A) which increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell
单复数指代＋increase不要用过去时，否则不能区别跟fell前后发生的顺序，尤其是在这个after出现的情况下。

(B) which had increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it had fallen
时态＋单复指代

(C) which have increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after falling

(D) with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling

(E) with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after having fallen

正确答案C

别的错误选项咱不谈，就说说with。og官方解释with的错误原因是 It is not clear what connection is being described by “with”.

With在og中的用法总结（仅代表个人观点，摘自预发版总结）:

1）with紧跟在中心词后作定语表限定修饰

2）主语，with短语，谓语+宾语。作为状语修饰主语，如果with结构放在句末则有歧义，不知是修饰主语还是宾语

3）主语与with有逗号隔开，形式有“with短语，主句”和“主句，with”，with短语修饰主句中的主语，with表示“有”的意思

4）主语+谓语+宾语，with短语。with短语修饰宾语，with表示“有”的意思

总结：从1）2）3）4）可以看出，with紧跟修饰语作定语时表限定，with与修饰词用逗号隔开则作为状语表示非限定，

例如
Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged in 1911, Scott Joplin's ragtime opera Treemonisha was not produced until 1972, sixty-one years after its completion.

(A) Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged（正确答案）

(B) Except for a concert performance with the composer himself staging it（可以推断此句中with希望与that同样表限定，此选项的错误点在staging时态问题。此外，With后可以用doing形式，不过with短语是作为副词作状语，不能修饰名词

(E) With the exception of a concert performance with the staging done by the composer himself（表达的不简洁）

例如
The root systems of most flowering perennials either become too crowded, which results in loss in vigor, and spread too far outward, producing a bare center.

(C) with the result of loss of vigor, or spreading（应用with结构不存在正确性问题，只是相对resulting不简洁。而且可以推断此处with结构与which与resulting均表非限定）

(D) resulting in loss of vigor, or spread。（正确答案）

bigpig

22.语法：有一道prep里的原题，fossls of *** 人名，作为第一个女人，怎么样。。。好像是被选为什么。。。

有个as fast as 的题

不知道是不是这个原题，有待考古。

226. (GWD-3-Q1)

The four-million-year-old fossilized skeleton known as Lucy is so small compared with many other skeletons presumed to be of the same species, and so some paleontologists have argued that Lucy

represents a different lineage.

A. presumed to be of the same species, and so

B. presumed to be of the same species that

C. presumed that they are of the same species, and so

D. that they have presumed to be of the same species, so that

E. that they have presumed are of the same species, and

答案B

bigpig

21.语法~~ 好多比较级~  都是 短句子~  但是都不简单！！

bigpig

20.语法我记得有一个是划线 as if的,就是科学家们说如果消费者shop credit card as if(as if划线) M...(不记得了,单个名词M开头...)

回忆此预发点：as if

as if ：似乎，好像

og上找点相关例题

35. Along with the drop in producer prices announced

yesterday, the strong retail sales figures released

today seem like it is indicative that the economy,

although growing slowly, is not nearing a recession.

(A) like it is indicative that

(B) as if to indicate

(C) to indicate that

(D) indicative of

(E) like an indication of

正确答案：C

117. George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first

European writers to consider the rural poor to be

legitimate subjects for literature and portray these

with sympathy and respect in her novels.

(A) to be legitimate subjects for literature and

portray these

(B) should be legitimate subjects for literature and

portray these

(C) as being legitimate subjects for literature and

portraying them

(D) as if they were legitimate subjects for literature

and portray them

(E) legitimate subjects for literature and to portray

them

正确答案E

bigpig

19. 愈发：我碰到许多短句子，感觉么，和OG的感觉差不多，没有什么生僻的考点的感觉（老实说吧啊，姐就看了一遍OG，无视我把）
  记得 平衡的考了许多，还有同位语的，反正抓住主谓一致和句子意思什么的

＊平行对称：   上面总结过
＊同位语：请回想一下看到同位语要注意的问题比如：位置？同位语结构？，因为位置距离修饰对象远也是错误的原因之一噢

bigpig

18.题目不记得了，就记得预发点，考了好几个比较级，不管是as...as...还是more...than，这个我复习的不太好，大家一定要好好看

回忆此预发点：比较级

1）倍数的表达

主谓＋倍数＋as～～as ＋宾语

主谓＋倍数＋形容词／比较级 than ＋宾语

主谓＋倍数＋形容词对应的表“量”的名词＋of ＋宾语，  比如：the size of/ the length of/ the width of

2)
表倍数的词作v，切记不跟as搭配

double in size / number / value

double the size / number / value

3)
twice的用法

twice as many ... as

twice as much...
as

twice the +名词

twice + what从句

注意as～as的平行，比如经常考到as...as that (those) of ......

注意twice和as many as的固定位置

4）more than的省略考点

给个例题GWD-16-30，（一些简单的more than用法我就不再放上来了，默认大家都是懂的）

According to public health officials, in 1998 Massachusetts became the first state in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than under it.

A. than

B. than born

C. than they were

D. than there had been

E. than had been born

答案是A

如果将所有省略补全应该是，即比较的的对象是

more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than

more babies were born to women under the age of thirty.
it指代the age of thirty

bigpig

17.预发似乎考到了prep的原题~~~但是具体有什么真是没印象了

有两个小心得就是，如果一道题里考了很多语法点，比如引导词啊，介词短语或连词啊，动词形式什么的，那么对的选项肯定在每一个部分上都是最优的表达，所以抓住你最确定的语法点去把握~~~

还有就是进了考场就不要去想那些条条框框的语法规则了，相信自己的积累和语感，最后只留一条原则，就是在没有歧义的情况下选择最漂亮简洁表达方式。

这个预发狗主人给的建议很中肯啊～两条建议：（1）选择每部都是最优得表达，抓最确定得预发点去把握。（2）选择最漂亮简洁得表达方式

我借此机会跟大家聊下个人复习的一点体会。NN们就忽略我吧～

让我们来探讨一下吧。对于很多预发题目，排除错误选项的方法有很多，比如在og12上很多时候发现自己排除选项的原因并不是og官方给出的解释，对吧？并不是说我们的方法不对，只是因为我们找到的点可能不是最重要的错误。什么是最重要的错误呢？

我在前面的预发点中曾经摘录了曼哈顿书中的解题思路：预发—>意思—>简洁。

给个og12－111例题，这个是我个人的预发总结

Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, was completed a decade later, during the reign of Titus, who opened the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladiatorial games, and spectacles.

(A) which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian,
缺少连词连接began和be completed

(B) officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, begun in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, and
begun这个是完成时态错误用法

(C) which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, and

(D) officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater and begun in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian it
“it”的出现是多余的＋begun做为v-ed分词形式和known并列，这个begin做被动分词，不合适。

(E)
officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, which was begun in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, and
连词前面的部分是不完全的，缺少v和后面的v并列＋sth be begun这个用法是错的＋begun完成时态错

每个选项后面我都根据官方解释标出了错误原因。但是其实我当初判断时用的方法如下：

A 选项 少连词

B／D／E 选项 中过去分词known直接跟在一个A of B的结构后面容易造成歧义，因为过去分词很有可能被认为去修饰临近的B而非A。 用which引导的定从就会直接指向主语A。而且对于 主语,(分词修饰语，定语从句),谓语～～～ 这种结构想来gmac不喜欢的。

后来我看了og解释，我觉得自己找的这个判断依据不是最重要的，或者说在此题里不算错误级别的。但是当你看到最后正确选项的时候，发现它还是回避了这个不算错误的点。这就证明了，最好的答案，一定是5个选项中各方面都最优的。

（不知道我讲明白没，可能例子不是最好的，但是希望大家能理解我的意思）