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learning society/measuring nation’s value
society culture changes
work does not vary too much
in a comprehensive interpretation of a society
The time that people spend on work amount to the greatest fraction of of total life.
reflect the civilization from one perspective
interpret the citizen’s spirit world
entertainment activities
leisure time is tied to the economic root of a society

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范文词组
政府与企业管理
interference from the government
impede the development of
the power of independently making decisions
less active economy
disturb the natual order of market, unfair competition, monopoly…
unqualifies products, environmental pollution, high prices, waste of natural resources…
Enron cheat on the financial condition
The lack of authoritive and uniform regulations will ultimately harm both the businesses and entirely society.
serve the povital goal of maximizing profits
moderate regulation, adequate freedom

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16.  Consider how the environmentalist structures the argument. The environmentalist describes the commissioner’s argument as specious, or deceptive, and then uses an analogy to rain forests to demonstrate that the commissioner’s argument is built on false premises.
17. Any financial plan is based on estimates of costs and revenues, and any factor that significantly increases costs or lowers revenues threatens the effectiveness of that plan.

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其它:
14.  The conclusion concerns the broad category of “use” while the evidence is related to a specific activity.
15.  Whenever a word such as “immediate” is part of an argument, it is wise to be alert. Given the comparison with the standard keyboard, it is logical that over the longer term the EFCO keyboard will save money. What problems might there be initially that would counteract the possibility of immediate savings? Personnel must first be retrained on the new EFCO keyboard, and it is possible that the costs of the training could offset any short-term savings. If the more experience employees have had with the standard keyboard, the more costly the initial training, then adopting the new keyboard could have high short-term costs that preclude immediate savings.

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13.  The argument moves from a particular sample, that is, the percentage of vehicles ticketed for exceeding the speed limit that were equipped with radar detectors, to a generalization about the regular driving behaviors of all drivers who have radar detectors in their vehicles. Between the example and the generalization must stand an assumption. What can the assumption be? Only if the drivers ticketed in this instance are assumed to make a regular habit of exceeding the speed limit can the conclusion be drawn that drivers with radar detectors are more likely to do so regularly than drivers who are not ticketed.

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12.  The argument generalize from the number of last year’s job-related accidents at the two companies to a continuing reduced likelihood of such accidents at the one company. Specific information that suggests that the one company is inherently a safer place than the other would support the generalized argument.

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11.  The argument is weak because it makes a generalization on the basis of only one example. Any example of a volcanic eruption that was not followed by a cooling of the asmosphere weakens this argument. The example of the eruption of El in 1982, which resulted in higher than normal air temperatures, contradicts the generalization of cooler temperatures following volcanic eruptions.

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样本不足:
10.  The conclusion is based on an upward trend that is derived from data for two years. Data from only two years provide rather weak evidence of a trend. Additional evidence that provides a context for the annual inflation rates during the most recent two-year period will promote a more solid evaluation of this prediction of next year’s inflation rate.
   If inflation has recently been stable at 4 percent, and the temporary drop the previous year is accounted for by lower oil prices, then the basis for the prediction seems quite weak.

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9.      What assumption does Sharon make in putting together her argument? Sharon
   makes an equalizing statement about people and their acquaintance when she points that, if an average person knows 50 workers, at least one of them is likely to be unemployed. Sharon’s generalization must assume that this is the case equally throughout the country and that unemployment is not concentrated in some geographically isolated areas.

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无理假设:
7.      The argument assumes that any problem with a product would cause a bottleneck or a delay in production. It is entirely possible that there might be flaws that might not cause such problems; thus the assumption is questionable.
8.      The conclusion relies upon the supposition that lawyers who currently advertise charge the consumer less than other lawyers for the same legal services. What if this does not continue to hold true? If more lawyers begin to advertise, they may not charge any less for their services than they did previously, and they are, given the supposition, likely to be more expensive than those who currently advertise. In this case, increasing the number of lawyers who advertise would not lower overall consumer legal costs.