rossyx

22. As the former chair of the planning board for 18 consecutive years and a board member for 28 years, Joan Philkill attended more than 400 meetings and reviewed more than 700 rezoning applications.
A. As the former
B. The former
C. Former
D. She was
E. As the
A: the former chair 和 18 consecutive years 意思有重复
B: 同上
C: 应该加a或the
D: 两个句子连接不当，chair前面需要冠词
E: correct
注意：
1、这道题不容易判断出the former错误在哪里，但可以判断出A和B从语法和逻辑上都对，as + 名词和直接用名词同位语结构，都是正确的。所以错误只能出在former的错误使用上，所以选E

23. Unlike most severance packages, which require workers to stay until the last day scheduled to collect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for its severance package even if they find a new job before they are terminated.
A. the last day scheduled to collect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for its severance package
B. the last day they are scheduled to collect, workers are eligible for the automobile company's severance package
C. their last scheduled day to collect, the automobile company offers its severance package to workers
D. their last scheduled day in order to collect, the automobile company's severance package is available to workers
E. the last day that they are scheduled to collect, the automobile company's severance package is available to workers
（GWD争议题）我的总结：
1、原句所要表达的意思：A. the last day scheduled to collect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for its severance package 我认为这个scheduled是分词作last day的后置定语，就是公司给员工安排的最后一个工作日，意思是“终止日期”，packages要在这一天collect.
D选项中. their last scheduled day in order to collect, the automobile company's severance package is available to workers 这里last scheduled day的意思是和原句一样的，只不过把scheduled当作形容词放在了day的前面。所以没有改变原意。有反对D的人说这里collect的发出者变成了packages，但我觉得这里发出者很明显是workers，因为：完整看这句话——require workers to stay (until their last scheduled day) (in order) to collect括号里面是可以先省掉的修饰语。
E选项中the last day that they are scheduled to collect, the automobile company's severance package is available to workers 这里跟了一个that定语从句定这个last day，那么意思就成了他们“被安排（schedule）来collect”的最后一天了。我感觉意思不同了。
2、schedule的用法：常用被动，sth. be scheduled to…，E选项中are scheduled to collect的主语只能是packages，但they是指代workers，这样就出现了指代错误。
3、从common sense 来看，公司要求员工呆到合同的最后一天last scheduled day，然后才能领packages，这样很合情理。相反，公司要求员工呆到可以领packages的最后一天，这是怎么回事？讲不通吧？我觉得D和A的意思相通，是对的。
4、severance pay/package：money or other things that you get when you have to leave a company because your employer no longer has a job for you

24.  An international group of more than 2,000 scientists project an average global warming that will be between 1.8 and 6.3 degrees Fahrenheit by the year 2000.
A. project an average global warming that will be between 1.8 and
B. project an average global warming to be from 1.8 to
C. project global warming that will average between 1.8 and
D. projects global warming to average from 1.8 to
E. projects an average global warming of between 1.8 and
D: average 修饰对象改变，改变句意，变成修饰数字了
E: correct

rossyx

13 A study of food resources in the North Pacific between 1989 and 1996 revealed that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing sea surface temperatures during the same period.
a) that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing
b) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, possibly as a result of an increase in
c) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because of food supplies, which were dwindling possibly as a result of increasing
d) creatures of the seabed that were suffering from food supplies that were dwindling, possibly resulting from an increase in
e) creatures of the seabed that were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, which possibly resulted from increasing
A错在：temperatures increase导致的是食物减少，而不是减少了的食物。（不符合逻辑）
suffer from sth用在这里应该不算错，例句：
Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff.
suffer: 用作不及物动词，if sth suffers, it becomes worse because it has not been given enough attention or is in a bad situation.
例：I am not surprised that you studies are suffering.
as a result of sth: prep. as a result of the growing fears about the security, …

16. Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, their descendents, popular known as killer bees had migrated as far north as Southern Texas.
A. Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
B. In less than 35 years since releasing African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
C. In less than the 35 years since African honeybees had been released outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
D. It took less than 35 years from the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, when
E. It took less than 35 years after the time that African honeybees were released outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, and then
A: Correct（原文要表达的是在某个时间之后，即时间点，而BC都是表达了时间段，改变了原意）
B: In 35 years 表示将来，改变了句意；since releasing 是介词+分词结构，分词逻辑主语不对；
“in+时间段”表示“在（某段时间）之后”，after a particular length of time，例：She learnt to drive in three weeks. (=after three weeks she could drive.)她花了三个星期就学会了开车。
D: it 没有可替代的对象，when改成that可以解决语法上的错误
E: after the time that 罗嗦，用after就可以；it没有指代对象

17. The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.
A. merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including
C. as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany that includes
D. mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes
E. mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including
found in Germany是定语，which指向tools没有问题，该题区分CDE的关键是include的单复数，tools是复数，必须用include，E用介词including避免了这一问题。
A: rather than merely scavenging for meat 和前面不对称；have用单数
C: that includes修饰前面的Germany，修饰对象不对，应该改成include；from + doing表状态不对，应该from+名词表结果
D: which includes修饰前面的Germany，修饰对象不对，应该改成include
E: correct，但此答案也有瑕疵，如果补充as就平行了，否则有歧义rather than+名词原则上可以和前面任何一个名词对称

19. Industrialization and modern methods of insect control have improved the standard of living around the globe while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.
A. while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having
B. while at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants that have
C. while they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time, which have
D. but introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time that have
E. but at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having
B: correct
while的特殊用法：In writing, people often use a non-finite clause beginning with while. For example, instead of writing “I often knit while I am watching TV.”, they write “I often knit while watching TV.”
而but是没有这种用法的。再者，but表示转折含义，而原句并无此关系。
另外，AE中的having gone…分词结构有作伴随状语修饰have introduced的嫌疑，而不是作pollutants的定语。

rossyx

10.  The yield per acre of coffee berries varies enormously in that a single tree, depending on both its size and on climate and altitude, could produce enough berries to make between one and twelve pounds of dried beans a year.
A. enormously in that a single tree, depending on both its size and on climate and altitude, could produce
B. enormously in that a single tree, dependent on its size and also on climate and altitude, is able to produce
C. enormously, because a single tree, depending on its size and on climate and altitude, is able to produce
D. enormously, because a single tree, being dependent on its size, climate, and altitude, is capable of producing
E.enormously, because a single tree, dependent both on its size as well as on climate and altitude, could produce
one’s ability/capability to do sth,

11. Before scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly in small amounts from the pituitary glands of human cadavers.
A. scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly
B. scientists had learned about making a synthetic growth hormone, they had to remove it painstakingly
C. scientist learned how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removed
D. learning how to make a synthetic growth hormone, scientists had to remove it painstakingly
E. Learning how to synthesize the growth hormone, it have to be painstakingly removed by scientists
E: learning的逻辑主语不是hormone

12. The success of the program to eradicate smallpox has stimulated experts to pursue what they had not previously considered possible -- better control, if not eradication, of the other infections such as measles and yaws.
A. what they had not previously considered possible -- better control, if not eradication, of the other infections such as
B. what they had not previously considered a possibility -- better control, if not eradication, of such infections like
C. something they had not previously considered possible -- better control, if not eradication, of such infections as
D. something not considered a previous possibility -- better control and perhaps eradication, of other infections such as
E. the possibility of what they had not previously considered possible – better control and possibly eradication of infections like
A: GMAC的偏好，如果能用名词替代一个名词性从句，优先选名词，比如something, probability, likelihood等；the other结构不完整
B: such like
C: correct
D: possibility 不如用形容词更贴切; and perhaps eradication改变了原文意思；other用的不对
E: the possibility of what 用法不对，用that更好，此外和possible重复
注意：
one… the other　只有两个　　　　　　　　
　some… the others　 有三个以上
　one… another，another…
　some… others，others…
　others = other people/things
　the others = the rest　剩余的全部