myice

 

132

“Governments should not be responsible for regulating businesses and other organizations. Instead, society would benefit if the organizations themselves assumed responsibility for establishing and enforcing their own standards and regulations.”

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

“政府不应该对规范企业和其他组织负责。相反，如果组织自身承担建立和执行他们自己的标准和规范的责任，那么社会会得利。”

1.       Admittedly, the goveronment should not regulate the business or other organizations too much. Too much supervision will harm the development of the business or an organization.

2.       Let the business alone to regulate itself will also cause problems. The ultimate goal of the business is to gain benefit, therefore all the activities will serve this pivotal goal even at the expense of the social benefit.

3.       The ideal combination can be the midst.

1.     too much interference from the government would undoubtedly impede the development of businesses and organizations. 1, 政府干涉过多可能或扼杀企业的积极性positivity. 显然如果没有自主决定the power of independently making decisions, 那么eventually, lead to the less active economy. 2, 政府过度的exorbitant干涉可能会打乱市场发展的自然规律disturb the natural order of the market. 比如regulation on the type of product 可能市场上的excessive demand or supply.

2.     但是也不是说政府should assume no necessary supervision over the business. 首先, 毕竟,企业的一切行为都是为了利益最大化. 缺乏管理,很可能产生很多negative results.政府有义务确保keep the national market in healthy condition. 如果缺乏suitable regulation, 有可能会出现恶性的竞争inordinate competition. 又比如Enron cheat on the financial condition. 第二, 政府有时要帮助企业度过recession.依靠企业自身的力量, 可能不能overcome the huge destroy of the recession.

3.     要有适当的regulation, 同时adequate freedom. 才能健康地发展.

View1: if organizations are allowed to establish their own regulations, the enforcement of regulations will be enhanced and the governmental burden of organizations will be released.

View2: however, the lack of authoritative and uniform regulations will ultimately do harm to both organizations and entire society.

Evidence: disturb of market order, monopoly, unfair competition.

To society: Unqualified products, high prices, environmental pollution, waste of resources

Do harm to international trade because the lack of uniform standards and the assurance of credit.

A12. “Because technology has increased the speed of communication, people are less able to communicate, except on the most superficial level.”

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

1.         技术的进步，各种各样通讯工具使得原本不能交流的人可以交流。不同种族的不同国家的人利用各种通讯工具把曾经不可能的跨地域交流变成了可能。而各种文化的碰撞使得不同文化可以交融从而使得人们可以更深层次的思考问题也就可以更好地交流。

2.         同时技术进步使得人们交流可以更有效率并且随时随地。过去是否可以交流还有交流的时间都受到限制，怎么可能比现在更为深入

3.         诚然，由于msn，OICQ等聊天工具的出现人们的交流往往比较带有随意性停留在表层。但是这并不是交流的全部也不能因此就说人们的交流能力只是在表层上有所提高。

myice

 

33

“People are likely to accept as a leader only someone who has demonstrated an ability to perform the same tasks that he or she expects others to perform.”

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

“人们只愿意接受这样的领导：他能完成他要求其他人完成的任务。”

1.       人们不会尊重一个不能完成他要求别人完成的任务自己却不能完成的领导。这是人之常情，人们通常都只会欣赏和尊敬比自己优秀的人，而不喜欢被一个不能完成任务却命令自己去做的人心存敬意。例如克林顿总统当commander-in-chief 的时候，由于众所周知他曾经逃避兵役，很自然的下级军官和士兵都不是很尊重他。

2.       人们不信任一个自己完不成任务却要求别人去完成的人。仍然举克林顿总统的例子。由于他逃兵役被视为没有能力，下级都对他的决策心存怀疑，这也就潜在的导致了执行上的不尽心不尽力。

3.       诚然是否能完成自己交给别人的任务并不是衡量一个leader重要指标。可能领导能力、,组织能力、运筹能力更为重要，但是我们不能忽视人们心理上的看法，尽管它可能并不合理但它确实是存在的。

normal human feelings admire adore respect superior to evade escape military service subordinate soldier be doubtful of be suspicious of execution implement admittedly true potentially evaluate index leadership psychological psychology psychologic psychologist exist subsist ...in ... serves as a fitting and public example

 

1.      诚然，如果在其领导的领域内几乎一窍不通，一个领导很难得到下属的信任和支持，会被看作layperson. 比如，人们无法想象一个不具备任何电脑知识的人，该如何领导一个庞大的IT企业，比如MICROSOFT在激烈的市场中竞争。

2.      但是，这是否意味着作为领导，必须要有能力完成每一项他要求下属做的事呢？这个问题，与领导和员工的真正作用有很大关系！首先，领导的职责是制定长期的发展方针，并且保证这个方针的贯彻执行，adhere to their strategic plans不被偏离。组织员工共同合作完成任务。on the other hand, 员工的作用是各司其职，更加具体的specific task.

3.       从以上两种职责不难看出，领导与员工起到significantly different functions，让领导完成每一个subordinate要做的工作，unfair的。比如，不能blame a CEO for lacking the skills of typing。要对下属做的事有很好的了解，但不一定都要做。否则，领导就失去了意义，成为了一个全能的工人。omnipotent worker with all kinds of skills.

View1: It is human nature to admire then follow someone who is more competent than themselves.

View2: But a feature of a good leader is to organize people with different specialities together and let them perform as a whole. It is too ideal to expect the leaders to have all the specialities of his subordinates.

myice

 

New5

Public figures should avoid expressing opinions about things that they have not personally experienced or been directly affected by.

 

31

“Financial gain should be the most important factor in choosing a career.”

“经济收入应该是找工作时最重要的因素。”

1.       把收入作为选择职业的首要考虑因素会使人忽视了生命中更应该追求的其他东西。事实上有许多人为了追求更为重要的目标而放弃了使自己获得最大收入的职业。象是特蕾莎修女，她以助人为快乐。尽管在物质上是清贫的但是却在别人快乐的同时自己也得到了幸福的回报。mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize,dedicated the majority of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India. Although she was not rich all through her life, she was happier than most of her contemporaries because she gained happiness when she helped the poor.bliss blessedness  还有一些人为了做全职家长更好的照顾孩子更是完全牺牲了得到钱的职业。在他们看来和家人在一起生活照顾他们的起居饮食是自己最开心的事情。

2.       诚然经济基础是一切其他活动的前提，但追求钱以外更重要的目标并不一定意味着就会得不到物质回报或者是一定会过得潦倒。事实上两者是可以相互促进的。一个追求智力上或者是创造力上的成就的人象是作家艺术家或者是音乐家当他们的作品问世时候他们同时也得到了物质的回报。othes choose to pursue intellectual or creative fulfillment-as wirters, artists, or musicians. 而这些钱反过来又会为他们的创作提供更好的条件和环境.

ignore overlook neglect pursue go in for in pursuit of aspire after be down and out mutually come out be published priority primarily appreciate notion profession lucrative有利的 stem from subordinate ... to ...

recreation physical health psychological making money is not an end in the end of itself. acknowledge strike a balance overriding高于一切的 factor  

 

1.      Admittedly, 人们都不是生活在童话里fairy tale，人们需要面对日常生活中的各种花费，而金钱是保障这一切，从而保障人们生命的基础。financial gain does be an important factor in choosing a career.

2.      但是，这不代表说，所有人都应该把它regard it as the most important…因为after all, 金钱只是满足我们生活的手段，还有更多更家重要的东西，金钱无法满足。比如精神生活：首先，很多人选择很多工作，造福社会，但它们pay less than others，比如social work, nursing. 人们认为精神世界更重要，帮助别人。。。；另外，良好的工作环境，同事关系，使人们精神好。

3.      因为首先：不同人有不同的需要，又比如说，有的妈妈为了照顾孩子，选择地点离家比较近的工作，even though this job can provide her less money than those far from her home.。。再比如说，有的人为了事业上更大的成就，会选择能提供更多机会promotion，或者培训之类的。如果全部考虑金钱，则很可能丧失更多进步的机会。

View1: Financial gain is an important factor in choosing a career.

View2: However, there are more factors play important roles in making job decisions. chance for promotion, training, work environment, corporate culture and reputation, welfare other than financial form

Evidence: Vincent Van Gogh .If he transfer to other career for monetary consideration, there will be no such beautiful scenes as starry night and sunflowers shining forever in our art history.

View3: In my opinion, the best career is the combination of special interests and financial benefits.

myice

 

New2

Although most people wish to live long lives, attempting to significantly extend the average human life span would be a mistake. If achieved, this would place an enormous burden on resources, lowering the quality of life for everyone.

 

 

42

“Scientists are continually redefining the standards for what is beneficial or harmful to the environment. Since these standards keep shifting, companies should resist changing their products and processes in response to each new recommendation until those recommendations become government regulations.”

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

“科学家在不断重新制定对环境什么是有利的，什么是有害的的标准。由于这些标准不停变动，面对新建议，公司应该保持他们的产品和流程不变直到新的建议成为国家标准为止。”

1.         科学家的建议也并不一定都是正确的。很有可能他的结论适用面很窄。或者他所得到的数据有错误等等。

2.         对企业来说频繁的变更产品和生产流程会造成很大的经济损失

3.         诚然等待国家制定标准很可能存在滞后等问题但是比较起来以上的问题还是应该等待国家制定标准。此外一个折中的方案是国家成立专门的机构快速地对新的方案和建议做出评价并迅速制定标准

split the difference lag evaluate

View1: The recommendations given by scientists are usually controversial or have inconsistent perspectives on same questions, thus can not provide clear directions on actions that companies should adopt,

View 2: changing products and processes too often will inevitably increase cost and lower productivity. Therefore do harm to the companies .

View3: while waiting for government regulations may draw back the processes of solving the problems, it is relatively a better strategy for companies to follow. We can count on the authorities to speed up the process of conversion between scientific discoveries and official regulations.

myice

 

29

“Too many people think only about getting results. The key to success, however, is to focus on the specific task at hand and not to worry about results.”

“太多的人只想到得到结果。成功的关键是注意手边的特定事情而不担心结果。”

你怎么看这句建议的意思，总的来说，你认为它值得遵守吗？从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。

1.       只想到结果的人而不注意手边的事情的人往往因为太迫切的期待结果而不屑于把手边看似琐碎的小事做好.事实上每一个目标的达成都是需要无数这样的事情集合在一起才可以达成的.

2.       同样的只注意手边的事情也是不可取的.因为一直这样就缺少了高屋建瓴的技能往往会过分注意细节而忽略了从整体上的把握.每一件事情就都变成是在孤立的完成而不是在为一个核心pivotal的目标而服务这样会忽略了重点降低效率.

at hand anxious anxiety specific specialized certain  result outcome eventuality consequence sequence think it scorn to trivial petty accomplish accomplishment attainment keystone advisable可取的inadvisable to operate from a strategically advantageous position strategical strategy advantageous advantage disadvantage focus on the details solely ignore efficiency keystone endproduct proceed process precedent preceding merit admittedly daunting overwhleming

Admittedly, this advice has some merit, by focusing on the details at hand one is less likely to become discouraged by the daunting and overwhleming tasks ahead in an ambitous project.

without reference to virtually The central problem with this advice is that focusing attention completely on the task at hand without reference to how that task is related to the end product would be virtually impossible to do.

random diligent likelihood minimal

View1: without achievements of specific tasks there will be no base for final results.

View2: however, without a specific ideal destination, efforts will find no way to go.

 

myice

 

100

“If a nation is to ensure its own economic success, it must maintain a highly competitive educational system in which students compete among themselves and against students from other countries.”

“如果一个国家要确保它的经济成功，它必须保持有高度竞争力的教育系统，在其中学生们相互竞争，还和国外的学生进行竞争。”

1 advantage: make students better prepared for the future competition, etc.

2 disadvantages: very pressure and stressful

3 a refined educational system is preferred

2

“It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world’s energy resources for future generations.”

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

“指望单个国家独立地做出必要的牺牲来保存能源是不现实的。如果我们希望为下一代保护世界的能源资源，国际领导力量和全球性的公司是基本的。”

1.         To conserve the energy is a world-wide project. No individual country is able to do it independently.

2.         It is unfair to let individual nations to make sacrifices while the others do not.

3.         The best and the most efficient way is the whole wolrd conserve the energy simultaneously and collectively.

 

1， 首先，虽然不愿意，但仍然要承认，自私几乎是天性。self consideration优先。在没有广泛的行动时，每一个国家都不愿意在自己作出牺牲的同时，其他国家没有行动。这样不公平，也不可能达到。这时，领导的作用很重要。安排各国家工作，协调各国家活动。有一个行动的指导作用。function as the leader of the group.

2， 而且，保护资源是全球的问题，指望单个国家作出牺牲是不够的。因为在全球化经济发展下，资源几乎是全球运转的。比如，美国会向中国进口木材等原料。所以需要合作。大的跨国公司在其中扮演重要的角色。比如，开发非洲的，有很多是欧洲的公司，跨国公司的举动会影响到很多国家的经济政策。nuclear weapons proliferation

by the same token(同样道理)

the problem of energy conservation transcends the national borders in that either all nations must cooperate, or all will suffer.(sample上的句子)

3， 当然，这样是不够的，必须由各个国家充分地发挥主动的作用take positive action。因为资源是全人类的，每个国家都有责任并且都有必要。只有将统一领导与各国的积极性作用一起结合，才是最effective的方法。

Optional words:

Sacrifice/ expense/ offering/ cost

Conserve/ protect/ guard/ keep/ maintain

Thesis sentence:

To conserve the energy resources is a worldwide project, however, individual nations have been take the responsibilities of energy conservation initiatively without international leadership.

View1:

International leadership and worldwide cooperation play important roles in the protection of energy resources.

Evidence: OPEC is one of the best examples. OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is an international organization of eleven developing countries that are heavily reliant on oil revenues as their main source of income. Since oil revenues are so vital for the economic development of these nations, they aim to bring stability and harmony to the oil market by adjusting their oil output to help ensure a balance between supply and demand. In the long run, the stabilized out-put help to cease the problem of over-refining and over utilization of oil energy.

View2:

It is not idealistic to expect the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy independently. Factors other than international leadership and world wide cooperation have driven individual nations to conserve energy. These countries conserve energy purely for their own benefit in the future.

Evidence:

Most nations in Europe have developed and used automobiles that are highly energy efficient.

Japan is a country naturally with nearly no energy resources, so it make great effort to conserve energy for future generations. An famous case is that Japan once brought crude oil from other countries and buried it under the sea .

myice

 

New 10

Protrayal of violence makes commercially success in television program, movies, songs, so those who make popular entertainment should incorporate more violence in their entertainment products.

 

未找到原题：

1. People have the duty to disobey laws that they think of as unjust.

2. “ Constant innovation and ...changes are likely to damage... organization"

（知道出处的朋友麻烦告诉我一声。可能太晚了。脑袋有些昏昏的。没有找到原题。谢谢了。怕耽误大家使用。 先贴上了。）

3. Art exhibition and public performance should not be cancelled because of a community's objection to its content.

4．physical activity and sports are as important as students‘s acdemics

myice

 

107

“The most effective way for managers to assign work is to divide complex tasks into their simpler component parts. This way, each worker completes a small portion of the task but contributes to the whole.”

“经理指派工作的最有效的方法是把负责的工作分成比较简单的组成部分。这样的话，每个工人完成工作的一小部分但对整体都有贡献。”

1，  每个员工都目标明确因此更有效率

2，  缺乏全局观念也可能出现协调上的困难

3，  好的leader好的分配是前提和保证

case by case.

1， 有些庞大的工程big and complex project，需要人们把工作细分，a, 单独的人没有力量完成，会take much more time，团队之间合作更有利于完成整个任务。b, 每个人可以做自己最擅长的工作。each member can choose the part that she or he are good at. 这样就整体上eliminate the total amount of time to complete the whole task.

2，  但很多工作不适合仅仅literally divide拆分。在要求连贯的coherent reasoning. 各个部分之间close related. 所以，第一，需要整个小组的人进行有效的communication，第二，需要对团队整个collective goal的adequate comprehension，第三，保证这两条的必要条件prerequisite to meet the two needs is 团队合理的人数，不能过多，也不能过少。第四，要有一个team leader，负责指挥和协调工作provide effective guide and lead the team to adhere to the collective goal (common purpose).

phrases: fragment work into small units; Distinct divisions of labor; stifle creativity; undermine self-motivation and pride in one’s work; collaboration=cooperation;

Of course, unproductive employees can be replaced. But replacement is costly; and high employee turnover is bad for organizational morale.-----用在对员工缺乏效率时的补充，很有用！！

View1: work division and assignment is an efficient way to get things done. However, merely dividing work among workers can not assure the final accomplishment of the task.

Evidence:   fragmenting work into small units leads to employee alienation, Those responsible for only a detailed component of a project can easily lose sight of larger organizational goals and their own importance in achieving them. then become less committed to their work, and less productive. In addition, the lack of overall conception may lead to adjusting difficulties. Moreover, Compartmentalizing tasks can stifle cooperation.  

View2: However, team work is not to simply add one component to another, but to organically conform all components together.

myice

 

68

“Since the physical work environment affects employee productivity and morale, the employees themselves should have the right to decide how their workplace is designed.”

“由于物理工作环境影响雇员的生产力和士气，雇员自身应该有权决定如何设计他们的工作场所。”

1.       brings creativity and coziness

2.       makes colleagues more closely and companionate

3.       Admittedly, some companies such as consulting/consultant? company must avoid too much decoration.
However, no matter the employee or the employer, as for the environment is considered, compromise should be made from time to time.

View1:work character have great influence on the design of workplace.

Evidence: consulting company must avoid too much decoration in order to appear professionally and dependably. To some creative work such as AD agency and fashion design, the decorating of workplace is important not only for simulating inspirations but also for showing creative abilities.

View2: also, the designment of workplace should be compromise to company culture.

Evidence: Consider the influence it has done to co-workers and the harmony in work place

 

60

“Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees’ health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees’ permission.”

“没有雇员的同意时，雇主应该没有权力去了解他的雇员的健康状况和其他的私人生活方面的信息。”

1， 员工的私人生活状况，很可能影响工作效率。productivity and turnover，所以雇主有理由关心。比如，健康问题，良好的健康状况显然是保障正常稳定生产的基础，雇主付出相同的钱，expect to get certain productivity. 而员工隐瞒健康状况，造成的低效率高成本，会使公司suffer。在雇佣时拥有对称的信息，很重要。

2， 同时，员工的私人状况，如果会危害到其他员工，那么应该有权得这知。比如，健康状况，犯罪的历史等等重大事件。健康，会infect other employee/ 暴力 history of crimes violence 很可能会对其他的员工造成伤害。这些都是必须要知道的。

3，  但有一些其他的私人生活，与工作效率无关，而且不是threat to others。employer 没有权力获取。比如，婚姻状况marital status, religion, race…这些都应该是员工自愿提供的with permission，而不能强制获得force。

View1: as human resources is one of the most important fortunes to a company, companies should know the health conditions of their employees. Decide whether a worker is competent for a job, decide cost on medical cares, ensure productivity

View2: other aspects of employees’ personal life, if not directly related to work performance, are not need to expose to employers.

 

myice

 

12

“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”

“教育已经成为我们的社会里个人机会的主要提供者。就像财富和金钱一度是成功的关键一样，教育现在已经成为确保成功的最重要因素。”

1， 教育是提高一个素质的最好途径。机遇只偏爱有准备的头脑，教育使人有能力抓住转瞬即释的机会

2， 成功的定义应该是全力投入于自己所喜爱的事业对社会有所贡献从而得到物质和精神上的满足。教育是最主要的为一个个体提供掌握一种技能熟悉一门学科知识的provider，从而才可以有所贡献而得到满足。

On one hand, there is nothing that can be better than education in providing us with all kinds of knowledge and skills for solving different problems in our respective domains. How can we achieve success without those expertise and techniques? Some one may argue that experience and common sense are enough for this kind of concern. However, in my opinion, nothing can really substitute education, while it may be true that the above-mentioned elements are also important in gaining the knowledge to achieve success.

 

What is more, education can make a person improve morally and purify his or her spirit. In my point of view, morality is also an important element for one’s success, although it is always neglected or overlooked. Dictators, for instance, they are likely to be very intelligent and hard-working people, but they are inferior in ethic. It is obvious that those people can not be considered successful. The best way to make a person moral and respectable is education. It teaches people to tell good from bad; it helps people to distinguish justice form evil. 

privilege n&vt property determine access obtain excellent opportunity candidate

 

1， Education may be always play an indispensable role in getting successful in life. 因为，教育不仅教授specialized and professional knowledge for future occupation, but also many essential principles and skills in the life, such as insight, virtue and analysis. 这些在高速发展的当今社会尤其重要。

2， 在过去，教育的也起到key role的作用，但是，那时候只有property and money can provide the opportunity of receiving education. 所以privilege and property were the keys to education, and thus to success in life.现在不同，people have equal opportunity to obtain education. 财富不再能Property can no longer possess exclusively the resource of education. 教育成为了决定因素。

3， 现在的工作岗位employers are more concerned with the real ability of the employees rather than their family fortune and social connection.更加adequate competition使people with higher education background更容易成功。

Optional words:

Ensure/assure/ guarantee

Thesis sentence:

Money and property has been replaced by education as the main provider of individual opportunity to success.

View1: In the past, the wealth people are more likely to be successful because the education is only accessible by them. When becomes available to almost everyone, education plays an more and more important role in providing opportunities to success.

Evidence:

View2:In today’s business world, employer are more likely hire people on the basis of capacity rather than the kinds of traditionally personal connections that are common among the wealthy.

Evidence: