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11，有到题，我选了惟一一个用冒号的选项，不确定。（期待大家帮忙确定，或者大家可以参考下“用冒号 可以连接两个不同的句子，后面一个句子作为前一个句子的解释说明。”的说明）
【版本2】还有冒号，后面好像要接完整句子吧
【版本3】语法有考到":"题
【版本4】然后考了两题有冒号的，有一题是a problem of a system：how to make sth able to。我选的这个答案，不知道正确与否
12， without连接并列的名词时，要注意其修饰对象是否清楚，是否合理。参见旧Prep2，50题。
真题重现：50. (27142-!-item-!-188;#058&003455)
With no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no hunting, wildlife officials estimate the New Jersey deer population to have grown to exceed 175,000.
(A) With no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no hunting, wildlife officials estimate the New Jersey deer population to have
(B) With no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that do not allow hunting, wildlife officials' estimate of the deer population in New Jersey has
(C) With no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods where there is no hunting, the deer population in New Jersey, wildlife officials estimate, has
(D) Without natural predators and no hunting allowed in expanses of green suburban neighborhoods, New Jersey has a deer population that wildlife officials estimate to have
(E) Without natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods where there is no hunting, wildlife officials in New Jersey estimate a deer population that has
句子结构：With… and with…, the deer population…, has grown…
并列的介词短语在句首作状语，逻辑主语是主句主语deer population。
考点：逻辑表达、简洁有效
1) 逻辑表达，介词短语位于句首时，其逻辑主语等于句子主语；主谓搭配逻辑要合理。
2) 简洁有效，without连接并列的名词时，要注意其修饰对象是否清楚，是否合理。
(A) officials是句子主语，使句首的with结构修饰对象错误；with no A and B, B…的表达有歧义，无法确定是否no也修饰B。
(B) estimate是句子主语，使句首的with结构修饰对象错误；estimate has grown主谓搭配不符合逻辑。
(C) 正确，wildlife officials estimate作插入语。
(D) New Jersey是句子主语，使句首的with结构修饰对象错误；without A and no B..的表达有歧义，without与no重复，且修饰对象不清楚。
(E) officials是句子主语，使句首的with结构修饰对象错误；estimate a deer population表达错误，应该是estimate to be/have sth。
13，有什么一句完整的话之后接：including还是which includes,犹豫了半天猜了一个。（不太清楚是怎样的题目，从GWD里找到一些挺符合的题目，请大家帮忙确认下是不是原题或者是相似考点）
GWD3-Q3:
A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.
A. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing
B. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing
C. which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of
D. including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing
E. including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of
In attempting to solve the problems caused by a lowering of the price of oil, oil companies operating in the North Sea have taken a variety of approaches, which includes their reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently from smaller fields, and finding innovative way to cut the cost of building and operating platforms.
A. which includes their reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently
B. which includes reducing employment, using new technology to be more efficient in pumping oil
C. which include reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently
D. which include the reduction of employment, their using new technology to pump oil more efficient
E. including a reduction of employment, their use of new technology to be more efficient at pumping oil
30. GWD-23-Q38
Drawing on her roots in a society that has a strong tradition of story-telling and oral renditions of the past, Indian writer Suniti Namjoshi incorporates many types of literature into her writing: including historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes from both Indian as well as European sources.
A. writing: including historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes from both Indian as well as
B. writing: historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes from both Indian and
C. writing: these include historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes from both Indian and
D. writing, which includes historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes both from Indian as well as
E. writing that includes historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes both from Indian and
17: GWD-29-Q10
The principal feature of the redesigned checks is a series of printed instructions that the company hopes will help merchants confirm a check’s authenticity, which includes reminders to watch the endorsement, compare signatures, and view the watermark while holding the check to the light.
A. which includes reminders to watch the endorsement, compare signatures, and view
B. which include reminders for watching the endorsement, to compare signatures and view
C. by including reminders for watching the endorsement, comparing signatures, and viewing
D. including reminders to watch the endorsement, comparing signatures and viewing
E. including reminders to watch the endorsement, compare signatures, and view
37. GWD28-Q37:
Roughly one-half of the world’s population, including virtually all of East and Southeast Asia also, is wholly dependent on rice to be its staple food.
A. including virtually all of East and Southeast Asia also, is wholly dependent on rice to be
B. including virtually all of East and Southeast Asia, is wholly dependent on rice as
C. virtually all of East and Southeast Asia as well, wholly dependent on rice as
D. which includes virtually all of East and Southeast Asia’s, being wholly dependent on rice as
E. which includes virtually all of East and Southeast Asia also, is wholly dependent on rice to be
14， 有一道题记得比较清晰：
人家买公司买公司A的股票，nor B——我觉得这道题特有种逻辑的感觉。所以写成中文给大家看：
A同上
B大家不买A公司的股票，也不买B公司的股票Cblablabla
D没有人既买A公司的股票也买B公司的（我选的这个）
E没有人买A公司或B公司的股票
还有一道：
这道题排除3个选项比较简单。剩下的来那2个的考点是：主句已给出，时态为现在完成时；划线句为从句，时态为一般过去时。两个选项的差别在于一个是一般过去时（原理：主句时态没明显错，不要变）；一个是现在完成时（原理：主从句时态尽量一致）（例如，主句是过去式，从句也要是过去的某种时态）
我选的现在完成时的。但不确定 （在没有明显时间证据的情况下,并列成分尽量使用同一个时态
原文时态不应随便进行改变原则；给出的答案中如果时态没有理由的进行了改变，即改变了原句要表达的时间关系，则错
判断时态要根据原句的逻辑意思，有否相应的时间状语，以及所要表达的时间关系来判断这些说法是来自PREP语法笔记，但大家在实战中还是要具体问题具体分析啦）
15， SC的最后一题记得还满清楚的,意思是乌龟的雌雄区别能通过感知他们被孵出的那只蛋相对冷还是相对热来确定, 句式大致为the desion of whether the gender of the turtle is male or female can be made , if not....in partial, by whether the egg it came out is relative warm or cold ...............大概酱紫.划线在by whether 后面
有2个选项后面是if.............. ,的直接被我排除掉了, 有个没介词的感觉也不对,剩下一个比较纠结的选项就是whether the turtle is male or female........can be made by whether..............不晓得我表书清楚了没.
我最后选了原句. 感觉这提有点GWD的风格要是有人做完的可以看看是不是原题.（找了24套版的GWD以及旧PREP语法笔记，貌似都没有发现原题，期待大家补充啦~）
16，语法考到了ving做结果状语，同位语。总之不是很难，把prep做好就行，我的第一道就是GWD的原题，昨天好像已经有人贴出来了
（同位语结构的形式: (参考白勇语法)
1. 名词性同位语, 名词解释名词:
n. , n. ; n. , a/an + n.或 a/an + n. , n. (一般为泛指)
2. that引导同位语结构:
抽象名词(evidence, result, principle等等) + that从句, that从句对抽象名词进行具体化解释
3. 概括性同位语结构:
用一个概括性的名词去概括前面的解释对象; 短语/句子, a program/ an advance/ a practice that…
4. 名词重复性同位语结构:
n. , n.(重复所修饰的名词) + that… 或 n. , the same n.(重复所修饰的名词) that…
重要的是同位语要能与形容的成分性质对应。同位语中的数量可和主句不一样）
【版本2】1)一个同位语从句，应该是这样的。 主句 ：how to …..这个带冒号的应该是答案，印象比较深刻（不太清楚）
【版本3】修飾同位語名詞用that 或 Ving...
【版本4】一句话，doing 做状语修饰整个句子表示结果和影响
（完整句子， + ing 形式，表达两种情况：
1. 伴随结果（逻辑关系合理）
2. 伴随动作（逻辑主语＝句子主语）
举例： animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears
3. noun. + 动词ing形态：可修饰前面的动词
e.g.：new evidence supporting the theory
错误表达：
1. Noun. + -ing的完成时态：不能作为后置定语修饰前面的名词，应改成定语从句）
17，1． 考到了devote to doing
2． a combination of A and B 还是combined with 我确定选什么
3． Such as 优于like（Like不能用于举例，举例需要用such as）
4． Be subject to
【版本2】intend , 插入语 , to creat.
18，感觉这次语法很奇怪，没有什么常规的选题，我上来第一道题就是一道全划线，两行长的题，气死我了，纠结了3分钟，胡选了一个过。语法主要还是注重比较和平行，但是和平时练习的OG，GWD都不像，很陌生的感觉。做语法的时候大有杀人的心态。记得一道语法题考了虚拟语气。
(虚拟语气：1,在 require, demand ，suggest等表“建议,命令”意义的词之后的 that 从句,要求用虚拟语气动词,即动词原形,不加 should
2, It is important / natural / necessary that 后跟省略should的虚拟语气
Suggest:
· 后面接虚拟语气，should 省略
· 其他：suggest doing
eg: the term “graphic design” may suggest laying out corporate brochures and annual reports)
【版本２】有一道题考虚拟语态，是35题，题很短，当时吓得我以为自己掉进超低分题库了。If she + 过去分词，XXX would XXX记住这一条就够了
（１，表示与现在事实相反：从句谓语Ｖ用过去时（ｂｅ一律用were），主句用should/would/could/might+动词原形；
2，表示与过去事实相反：从句谓语V用had+过去分词，主句用should/would/could/might+have+过去分词；
3，表示与将来的事实相反：从句的谓语V用should+V原形，主句用should/would/could/might+v原形摘自旧PREP语法笔记）
19,GWD原题：还有一道是unlike the stinger of 一种bee，the stinger of yellowbee...也是原题。（感谢irenezyl 提供原题）
T-3-Q2.
As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing the bee to sustain a fatal injury.
A. As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing
B. As the heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes
C. Honeybee’s stinger, heavily barbed and staying where it is inserted, results in the fact that the act of stinging causes
D. The heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, and results in the act of stinging causing
E. The honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes
正确答案是选E。
以下是我找到的解释：
A. this無東西可代.
B. it可以指stinger或honeybee, ambiguity,所以要用honeybee’s stinger代名詞才會clear.
C. Results in the fact that is very wordy. 就句意來看,stinger results in不合乎邏輯,句意不對
D.it可以指stinger或honeybee, ambiguity,所以要用honeybee’s stinger代名詞才會clear.
E. With the result that是慣用語, longman查的到.
20，语法有1道GWD的原题Research has shown that when speaking, individuals who have been blind from birth and have thus never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and that they will gesture even when conversing with another blind person.
(A) have thus never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and that
(B) have thus never seen anyone gesture but nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and
(C) have thus never seen anyone gesture, that they nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and
(D) thus they have never seen anyone gesture, but nonetheless they make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and that
(E) thus they have never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and
（确认是旧PREP语法笔记上原题）
考点：平行对称（Parallelism）习惯用语（Idiom）句子结构（Grammatical Construction）
1)并列句主语相同,应该省略重复的主语
2)习惯用法: as…as…; the same way as…
3)一个正确的句子中,主语和谓语是必不可少的,缺少主语和谓语都会导致句子结构不完整
(A)正确, have been…and have thus never…并列结构共同作为who的谓语修饰individuals; shown that, … and that they will构成宾语从句的并列; as frequently and in the same way as结构中as frequently as和in the same way as公用了一个as,两者合并简化了句子
(B) but在语法上使nonetheless make和have thus never seen构成并列结构,使得nonetheless make也作为who的谓语动词,而宾语从句的主语individuals则没有了谓语动词; as frequently that不符合习惯用法
(C)句子结构变成了 Research has shown that when speaking, individuals… that they nonetheless make…, and (that) they will… 构成了宾语从句的并列, 从而使得第一个宾语从句缺乏谓语,且第三个宾语从句缺乏that跟其余的宾语从句构成平行
(D) they属于重复主语,多余; but错误同B; as frequently that不符合习惯用法
(E) they属于重复主语,多余; as frequently that不符合习惯用法; and后面缺乏that跟has shown that构成平行结构, 如果没有that的话, 会使人认为and they will…和Research has shown构成并列 | 
