- 精华
- 1
- 积分
- 2882
- 经验
- 2882 点
- 威望
- 258 点
- 金钱
- 760 ¥
- 魅力
- 440
|
1.1.4 check支付方式
第一段是说,现在电子化的支付方式很多,但是paper check 还是很受欢迎,占80%什么的
第二段,讲paper check多说明市场不健康,似乎稍微讲了点原因。其实这种现象是不正常的。因为支票的社会成本(生产成本,流通成本)比其他方式高。根据一种理论,有竞争的产品,如果其成本很高,会被其他成本低的产品取代。 如果取代这件事情没发生,那么就是market failure。个人支票没被电子卡取缔就是个market failure。
第三段,解释:古老理论认为是市场失败。由于开支票的人能够从支票的流通中获利(从支票开出到兑现的时间差可以产生利息)使得他们支付的成本被降低。另外,开支票者不需要直接支付社会成本(有题),所以仍然使用支票。
第四点,驳斥了上面的理论,因为实际上那个inflator/inflation现在已经没有那么大的影响力了,说现在对一些大的check,第三段里讲的吃亏的那一方也是rational的,会争取利益,作者对这种传统的认为float可以带来 利润的批判。它给出了原因,1因为技术提高(高亮,有题--作用是减少从写到收的时间,确定是这个呵呵) 2如果这种收益足够大的话,receiver可以采取行动以减少float产生的损失--和writer商量,接受支票的一方也会通过谈判要求共盈(有题)
Despite the growing availability and acceptance of electronic payment instruments—such as credit cards, debit cards, and automated clearinghouse (ACH) payments—by far the most popular noncash payment instrument used in the United States is the paper check. In 1995, approximately 80 percent of all noncash transactions were made by check (Bank for International Settlements, forthcoming). Furthermore, although use of electronic instruments has grown in the past several years, check use has grown as well: between 1987 and 1993, the average annual number of payments per capita increased by 26 payments for electronic instruments, but by 31 payments for checks (Humphrey, Pulley, and Vesala, forthcoming). Clearly, individuals and businesses are not rapidly shifting away from checks to electronic instruments.
The popularity of checks persists even though checks cost society more to produce and process than do electronic instruments. According to standard economic theory, that may be a sign that the market for payment instruments is not working properly. In general, in an efficient market, when competing goods are available and one costs society more, the prices of the goods will reflect the relative costs of the resources used to produce them, and the cheaper good will be substituted for the more expensive. In this way, society uses its resources to produce only the particular goods it wants in the particular amounts it wants. In other words, resources are used efficiently. When use does not shift to the cheaper good, either the goods are not close substitutes or the market has failed, and there is a potential role for a public authority to attempt to correct the failure.
Market failure is a commonly accepted view of what’s happened in the market for payment instruments. According to this view, the users of checks are the check writers. And for those individuals and businesses, the private cost, or price, of using checks has been distorted by the value of check float, or the time between the writing and clearing of a check. During that time, of course, the funds can earn interest for the check writer rather than for the check receiver. The size of this benefit is thought to have reduced the price of check use below the cost to society of producing and processing checks. Since individuals and businesses
don’t face that higher social cost, they continue to use checks despite the existence of other means of payment that are less costly to society. In short, checks are overused.
(待确认)That view is suspect even if the data still supported it,
though. The view seems to assume that only the agent on
one side of a transaction—the check writer—recognizes
and takes advantage of the value of float. That assumption
doesn’t correspond with expected rational behavior. Since
float is a transfer payment from the check receiver to the
check writer, with no allocative effects overall, rational
agents are likely to negotiate a mutually beneficial distribution
of any significant value of float.7 And, in fact, this
type of negotiation is common for large payments between
businesses, for which the value of float is potentially large.
In practice, many business-to-business payments contractually
stipulate payment transaction terms that internalize the
effects of float.
题目:
1) 作者提到了现在因为科技的进步,支票的签发与兑现很快了,是为什么
有两个纠结一点的选项
A. 是为了说明支票从签发到兑现的时间缩短了
B. 是为了说明支票从开出到兑现产生的float的经济效益没用这么大了
2) 对那些支持第三段中老观点的人来说,以下哪个选项是正确的
我选了这个:
因为某种原因(记不清楚了)支票的使用只带来社会成本,而不会给支票使用者带来成本,所以他们一直用
3) 从这个文章可以infer出支票接受者对支票产生的check float的态度?
我选了这个:
支票接受者会通过谈判来保护自身的利益(也就是要求分享check float)
4) 这篇文章的主旨是什么
我选了这个:
解释了为什么支票一直还在使用的几个原因 |
|