OG12GMAT语法知识点总结

bigpig

 

习语：

1.       like用于比较similar elements,仅用于名词见的对比

2.       expectation--是指未来的和尚未实现的，因此从句应该加助动词will/would.

3.       do not+nothing表肯定

4.       such as / such+名词+as—用来表示举例；常见的错误有: such…like, (like不能用于举例)

5.       sb be convinced that…

6.       1) the same to x as to y,  x与y要对称 --某物对于某人和对于另一个人是一样的。

如the same to someone as to a person           

sth +V+the same as sth –表明某物和某物是一样的。

2) just as x do sth, so y do / x do sth, just as y do sth

 just as x do, so too+倒装结构/正常语序的句子，译为“正如…, 同样地…”

3）x is to y what is to b       

4）as much because x as because y

7.       between … and ..;

1) the rivalry between x and y / the rivals x and y

2)distinguish / distinction between x and y

8.       either or; ethier from…or from; from either…or

9.       not only x…but also y, x与y要对称

10.   if x happended, then y would happen  /  if x happens, y will happen

once x had happened, then y happened  / y will happen unless x happens first

11.   not… but

1) not by… but by  

2) not just because of x, but because of y  /  not just by the fact that, but also by the fact that

3) not x, but rather y  / x rather than y

15. distinguish between x and y / distinctions between x and y

16.consider表示think of or believe after careful consideration时，consider sth sth,

不需要consider sth as sth。

17.比较可以用：instead of / rather than / unlike—但是and not不用于比较

   although可以用于比较，但是with不能用于比较

词的用法：

date用法	express estimation of age—date at
seem用法	seem to do / seem like+名词
Claim用法	claim that+从句 / claim to do sth
target用法	arget at+目的物 / target to+方向
order用法	order x to do y / order x to be y / order that x be y
estimate用法	estimate to be  + a certain age; estimate at +location / 价格等数量词
require用法	require+n / require that / require x to do y  / require+副词 require that be / V原形   / require sb to do sth require错误用法：Require of
attribute用法	attribute x ( an effect) to y (a cause); x (the effect) is attributed to y (the cause) 常见的错误有: x is attributed as the cause of y is

 

表格形式：

正确表达	常见错误类型
More+ than / adj-er+ than	More as / adj-er than / adj-er over
Depend on + whether	Depend on if
Ability to do sth / ability of sb to do sth	Ability for doing sth / ability for sb for doing sth
Argue +for	Argue in
Advocate直接加宾语	Advocate+介词
In order to	In order that
Except (in) / except (for)	excepting
Expand on	Expand for
Reduce +名词	Reduce +介词
Restriction+ on	Restriction+ for
Invest in	Invest for / into
As a means to	As a means of
Allow to	Allow for
With the aim of	With the aim to
Amount to+n	Amount to + adj
More than ever( before)	More than never
Persuade x to do y	Persuade that / persuade x in doing sth
Apprenticeship as	Apprenticeship of being
Enough to	Enough that
Conceive of x as y	Conceive of sth to be
Simultaneously with  与..同时 Credit x with y
in contrast with x, y; in comparision with x, y in contrast to x, y; unlike x, y	As contrast with x ,y
So adj that y;    such + n+that x happened so that y could happen	Such… so that,  so x as to y, enough that
Range from x to y            Shift from x to y              prohibit x from doing y / y own restitution to x for y      rate( means a price charged)+ for Substitute x for y            mistake x for y  Think of x as y              View x as y                    Use x as y

 

同义反复;

In the past	Previously
Be able to	Enable to
Now	Currently
Although	yet	连词的同义反复--even though和but
regain	again
Amount	Sum
grow	increase
Soar	rise

词的有效性/简洁性

1.       介词since和because在表现因果逻辑关系时：since<because

2.       due to & because of / because的区别: due to & because of有时并不能很准确的表达因果关系，尤其是后面跟着复杂的动作，事件关系时；due to & because of+概念，because +主谓关系; on account of < because +动作 / due to the fact that < because

3.       begin > the beginning of  / convince > convinction  / rank as > has the rank of

indicate >indication  / debilitating>debilitation / for such help > for help

declension < decline  / refer > reference

4.       not accompanied > unccompanied

5.       attempt > trying—ing 做名词使用时 < 其名词本身

6.       can > has the capability / ability  to do

7.       在可能性上，will > would > could

8.       to marry > to be married to

9.       double sth 不够准确，可能表示twice as many as or as many as

10.   twice > two times

11.   while可能表示同时性，也可能表示对比，因此在表示对比时，whereas > while

12.   sb’s career > the career of sb

13.   be expected to > it is the expectation that / it is expected that / expectations are for

14.   once > at one time

15.   as x as or x-er than< at least as x as

16.   当x与y是不定式时，rather than> instead of

因为instead of是介词短语，只能跟名词短语、动名词或者代词短语。

17.   表将来时：will be> be to

18.   引导短语时，after(介词)> following(分词)；

当after作为连词时，since>after,因为since强调动作的连续性

linglingdan

谢谢分享！！

bigpig

 

wordy和错误的表达

1.       there is…;  for there being / it may be that ; it is none that

2.       as it is of / as being / down to / from… down to / from… up to

3.       none the less than / no less as

正式用语

1.       perhaps比maybe更正式，更适合用于书面语中。Perhaps>maybe

2.       in that作为连词时，表示inasmuch as(由于,因为),但是使用时in that会被认为过于夸张以及太过正式；for作为连词接句子时，for=because， for > in that

3.       try and经常用于口语中，不适合用于书面语 /and aslo错误

单复数

1.       diabetes—单数形式，n. 糖尿病

2.       phenonmena是phenomenon的复数形式

3.       citrus是单数名词，柑橘类植物

词的区别

1.       as—1) 连词，接句子；2）介词时，接名词，表作为

注：as不能用于两个名词间的对比

2.       Ving & Ved区别: 看修饰对象的关系，被动—Ved , 主动—Ving

Ving & V  区别: 看句子的重心在哪，重要的动作使用V, 次要的动作用Ving

   To v & Ving区别: to表目的，而Ving表结果。

3.       econmic—经济的，经济学的 / econmical—节俭的

4.       aggravate—make worse  /  aggravating—annoying

5.       act like—to behave or comport onself and describe the action of a person

act as—describe the function of a thing

6.       delay—抽象的；delays—具体的，一次次的延误

7.       lay—及物动词直接加宾语；lie—不及物动词，lie in 在于

8.       aid用法:1)名词时，aid in doing sth / sth   2)动词时，aid sb to do sth

9.       should—经常表示一种义务的含义

10.   number—a specific quantity of individuals(具体的数字，量)

numbers—a large crowd or multitude(大量的，许多的)

11.   independently of—独立于…之外/ 不受…支配/ 不依赖他人或他物

independently from—

12.   be known as—为…所知

be known to—以…著称;通称为…

13.   each other—两者之间的相互关系

one another—两者以上的人或者事物之间的联系

句型

1.强调句—It +be动词+强调部分+who / whom / that+其他部分（it不做句子中的任何成分）

2.虚拟语气—recommend that+动词原形，should应省略

3.doubt用于否定句时，经常跟that一起，如there is no doubr / sb can not doubt that,

常见的错误：did not doubt whether…

4. the way to do sth is to do sth; 常见的错误有 the way to do sth is for sth

规则

1.       that不能取代it进行代词指代

2.       没有生命的东西不能指代有生命的东西，

如the body(死的)can not be a man—the body is that of a man(正确);

the term can not be a person of somone

3.       in which= when，可以互换

4.       each 还是 all要根据句子中的词的单复数决定。

5.       adj+n表示名词本身具有adj的属性。

6.       一个连词带两个句子；当有两个独立的句子时，必须要有一个连词来连接。

常见的错误：句子，句子

7.       who指代人，that不能用于指代人

8.       baby当性别不清楚时，可以用it进行指代

9.       名词复数+ to do sth+ V复数形式，如efforts to… have / letters to… were

10.   so much as只用于否定句中，如not so much A as B，与其说A不如说B;

not so much as 连…都不肯，甚至不，甚至没有

11.   since接时间，用现在完成时

12.   it or this不能指代动词，so可以指代动词

13.   所有格只用于有生命的物体中，festival’s是错误的表达方式

双重所有格是错误的，如 of sb’s 是错误的，正确的写法：sb’s or of sb

可数与不可数

1.many—修饰可数名词，如people / dioxins / apples

much—修饰不可数名词，如effort / rain

2.few—修饰可数名词，less—修饰不可数名词

如：limitations是可数名词，用fewer修饰，不能用less修饰可数名词

3.numberous—修饰可数名词， great—修饰不可数名词

如：density是不可数名词，不能用numerous修饰，应该用greater修饰。

4.equal修饰不可数名词，如equal justice,但是不能修饰可数名词people

equivalent 含义太广，不止限于修饰数字

总结：

1)修饰可数名词:many / few / number / numerous

2)修饰不可数名词:much / less / great / equal / amount /little

倍数增减的表达

1．  倍数（数量词）+形容词/形容词比较级+than  (A is … times as adj as …)

例：Force N1 is four times greater than force N2

2.       倍数+as+形容词原级+as（或把倍数放在最后一个as之后）(A is… times adjer than…)

例：My books are five times as many as yours    

3.       倍数+名词    ( A is … times+n)

例：The earth is 49 times the size of the moon

4.       动词+百分数或倍数

例：The personal income last year rose 1.1%

5.       动词+to+数词

   例：Last month the profit of that company rose to $2million

6.       动词+by+数词或百分比或倍数

例：Spending on this project will be reduced by 10%

7.       double/triple/quadruple+名词（注：这三个词均为动词）

例：they plan to double their production

with 用法

with + 名词（代词）+介词短语/形容词/副词/名词/现在分词/过去分词/不定式

as的固定词组

1.such as 表示举例，而不用like，译为例如，之后可跟名词、动名词但不可跟句子

2.as……go就……一般情况来说，与一般的情况来比较而言

3.so……as to 如此…以致于

4. even as=just as  正如，正巧…的时候

5. as long as=if  只要，在…的时候

6.in as much as=because

7.not so much…as与其说……不如说

without的用法

Without之后+一般名词。表示一种条件；without之后+现在分词，表示伴随状况。请注意以下几点：

1. without +n.表示一种条件；without+现在分词，表伴随状况或结果，强调一种同时性

2.without+any+名词的表达是不简洁的，应去掉any

3. without之前不加任何连接副词，如thereby without doing，错

4.without与现在分词之间无需加上表示动作执行者的物主代词，如without their being grounded，错，应去掉their