GMAT Prep-SC 知识点（3）-修饰

rossyx

3. Greatly influenced by the Protested missionary Samuel Kirkland, the Oneida was the only one of the five-nation Iroquois League who sided with the colonists during the American Revolution.
A.      was the only one of the five-nation Iroquois League who sided
B.      was alone of the five-nation Iroquois League when they sided
C.      alone among the five-nation Iroquois League sided
D.     were the only ones out of the five nations of Iroquois League in siding
E.      only of the five-nation Iroquois League had sided
错选A
Alone among the major candidates, Gaviria expressed a determination to continue the campaign.
关于one of + n.(pl.) + that + verb的单复数用法
one of+复数名词，that修饰复数名词
the (only) one of+复数名词，that修饰the one
所以，A中的who sided…应该修饰the Oneida，并没有错。看OG例题,
225. Minnesota is the only one of the contiguous forty-eight states that still has a sizable wolf population. and where this predator remains the archenemy of cattle and sheep.
(A)        that still has a sizable wolf population, and where
(B)        that still has a sizable wolf population, where
(C)        that still has a sizable population of wolves, and where
(D)        where the population of wolves is still sizable;
(E)        where there is still a sizable population of wolves and where
A: the Oneida表示民族时用复数概念, was应该是were,用who来指代Oneida也不恰当，应该用that。
C: correct

8. Women are expected to be the majority of student entering law school this fall, a trend ultimately placing more women in leadership position in politics and business.
A  Women are expected to be the majority of student entering law school this fall, a trend ultimately placing
B  The majority of students entering law school this fall are expected to be women, a trend that will ultimately place
C  The majority of students entering law school this fall are expected to be women, which will ultimately place
D  It is expected that the majority of students entering law school this fall will be women, a trend ultimately placing
E  It is expected for the women to be the majority of students entering law school this fall, which will ultimately place
注意分词作定语和定语从句的区别，时间上的。
另外，我觉得AB的主句表达也有不同，B由the majority作主语比A的women更恰当些，尤其后面要跟a trend同位语从句。
A: 同位语的placing结构，不能表现出即将发生的趋势，而是一直发生的
B: correct，用that定语从句修饰trend，清晰表明了要发生的动作
C: which无指代
D: 同A
E: 同C
注意：
1、which和同位语结构同时出现，表明应该用同位语结构，因为which指代前面整个句子错；
2、分词和that从句同时修饰一个名词，要看从句是否有表达分词不能表达的逻辑含义，如果是则选从句，反之选分词修饰更加简洁

9. The investigations of many psychologist and anthropologists support the generalization of there being little that is a significant difference in underlying mental processes manifested by people from different culture.
A   of there being little that is a significant difference
B   of there being little that is significantly different
C   of little that is significantly different
D   that there is little that is significantly different
E   that there is little of significant differences
E与原文要表达的意思不同。little是量词，little of sth是指sth中的一点。
ABC: of there being 错，
D: correct, little是名词，that从句修饰little
E: little of 一般加不可数名词（little是量词时little of连用，后面跟可数不可数名词没有限制，字典中给出的例子都有，如：little of the existing housing中的housing是不可数名词，而little of the $16 million dollars中的dollar是可数名词，如何解释？），同时表达否定意义
注意：
1、解释前一个名词优先使用同位语从句，遇到of + sth +doing，可以直接判断选那个that + sth + do结构
2、different和difference都可以加in表示在什么方面的不同

rossyx

10.  The yield per acre of coffee berries varies enormously in that a single tree, depending on both its size and on climate and altitude, could produce enough berries to make between one and twelve pounds of dried beans a year.
A. enormously in that a single tree, depending on both its size and on climate and altitude, could produce
B. enormously in that a single tree, dependent on its size and also on climate and altitude, is able to produce
C. enormously, because a single tree, depending on its size and on climate and altitude, is able to produce
D. enormously, because a single tree, being dependent on its size, climate, and altitude, is capable of producing
E.enormously, because a single tree, dependent both on its size as well as on climate and altitude, could produce
one’s ability/capability to do sth,

11. Before scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly in small amounts from the pituitary glands of human cadavers.
A. scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly
B. scientists had learned about making a synthetic growth hormone, they had to remove it painstakingly
C. scientist learned how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removed
D. learning how to make a synthetic growth hormone, scientists had to remove it painstakingly
E. Learning how to synthesize the growth hormone, it have to be painstakingly removed by scientists
E: learning的逻辑主语不是hormone

12. The success of the program to eradicate smallpox has stimulated experts to pursue what they had not previously considered possible -- better control, if not eradication, of the other infections such as measles and yaws.
A. what they had not previously considered possible -- better control, if not eradication, of the other infections such as
B. what they had not previously considered a possibility -- better control, if not eradication, of such infections like
C. something they had not previously considered possible -- better control, if not eradication, of such infections as
D. something not considered a previous possibility -- better control and perhaps eradication, of other infections such as
E. the possibility of what they had not previously considered possible – better control and possibly eradication of infections like
A: GMAC的偏好，如果能用名词替代一个名词性从句，优先选名词，比如something, probability, likelihood等；the other结构不完整
B: such like
C: correct
D: possibility 不如用形容词更贴切; and perhaps eradication改变了原文意思；other用的不对
E: the possibility of what 用法不对，用that更好，此外和possible重复
注意：
one… the other　只有两个　　　　　　　　
　some… the others　 有三个以上
　one… another，another…
　some… others，others…
　others = other people/things
　the others = the rest　剩余的全部

rossyx

13 A study of food resources in the North Pacific between 1989 and 1996 revealed that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing sea surface temperatures during the same period.
a) that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing
b) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, possibly as a result of an increase in
c) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because of food supplies, which were dwindling possibly as a result of increasing
d) creatures of the seabed that were suffering from food supplies that were dwindling, possibly resulting from an increase in
e) creatures of the seabed that were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, which possibly resulted from increasing
A错在：temperatures increase导致的是食物减少，而不是减少了的食物。（不符合逻辑）
suffer from sth用在这里应该不算错，例句：
Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff.
suffer: 用作不及物动词，if sth suffers, it becomes worse because it has not been given enough attention or is in a bad situation.
例：I am not surprised that you studies are suffering.
as a result of sth: prep. as a result of the growing fears about the security, …

16. Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, their descendents, popular known as killer bees had migrated as far north as Southern Texas.
A. Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
B. In less than 35 years since releasing African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
C. In less than the 35 years since African honeybees had been released outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
D. It took less than 35 years from the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, when
E. It took less than 35 years after the time that African honeybees were released outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, and then
A: Correct（原文要表达的是在某个时间之后，即时间点，而BC都是表达了时间段，改变了原意）
B: In 35 years 表示将来，改变了句意；since releasing 是介词+分词结构，分词逻辑主语不对；
“in+时间段”表示“在（某段时间）之后”，after a particular length of time，例：She learnt to drive in three weeks. (=after three weeks she could drive.)她花了三个星期就学会了开车。
D: it 没有可替代的对象，when改成that可以解决语法上的错误
E: after the time that 罗嗦，用after就可以；it没有指代对象

17. The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.
A. merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including
C. as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany that includes
D. mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes
E. mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including
found in Germany是定语，which指向tools没有问题，该题区分CDE的关键是include的单复数，tools是复数，必须用include，E用介词including避免了这一问题。
A: rather than merely scavenging for meat 和前面不对称；have用单数
C: that includes修饰前面的Germany，修饰对象不对，应该改成include；from + doing表状态不对，应该from+名词表结果
D: which includes修饰前面的Germany，修饰对象不对，应该改成include
E: correct，但此答案也有瑕疵，如果补充as就平行了，否则有歧义rather than+名词原则上可以和前面任何一个名词对称

19. Industrialization and modern methods of insect control have improved the standard of living around the globe while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.
A. while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having
B. while at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants that have
C. while they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time, which have
D. but introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time that have
E. but at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having
B: correct
while的特殊用法：In writing, people often use a non-finite clause beginning with while. For example, instead of writing “I often knit while I am watching TV.”, they write “I often knit while watching TV.”
而but是没有这种用法的。再者，but表示转折含义，而原句并无此关系。
另外，AE中的having gone…分词结构有作伴随状语修饰have introduced的嫌疑，而不是作pollutants的定语。

rossyx

22. As the former chair of the planning board for 18 consecutive years and a board member for 28 years, Joan Philkill attended more than 400 meetings and reviewed more than 700 rezoning applications.
A. As the former
B. The former
C. Former
D. She was
E. As the
A: the former chair 和 18 consecutive years 意思有重复
B: 同上
C: 应该加a或the
D: 两个句子连接不当，chair前面需要冠词
E: correct
注意：
1、这道题不容易判断出the former错误在哪里，但可以判断出A和B从语法和逻辑上都对，as + 名词和直接用名词同位语结构，都是正确的。所以错误只能出在former的错误使用上，所以选E

23. Unlike most severance packages, which require workers to stay until the last day scheduled to collect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for its severance package even if they find a new job before they are terminated.
A. the last day scheduled to collect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for its severance package
B. the last day they are scheduled to collect, workers are eligible for the automobile company's severance package
C. their last scheduled day to collect, the automobile company offers its severance package to workers
D. their last scheduled day in order to collect, the automobile company's severance package is available to workers
E. the last day that they are scheduled to collect, the automobile company's severance package is available to workers
（GWD争议题）我的总结：
1、原句所要表达的意思：A. the last day scheduled to collect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for its severance package 我认为这个scheduled是分词作last day的后置定语，就是公司给员工安排的最后一个工作日，意思是“终止日期”，packages要在这一天collect.
D选项中. their last scheduled day in order to collect, the automobile company's severance package is available to workers 这里last scheduled day的意思是和原句一样的，只不过把scheduled当作形容词放在了day的前面。所以没有改变原意。有反对D的人说这里collect的发出者变成了packages，但我觉得这里发出者很明显是workers，因为：完整看这句话——require workers to stay (until their last scheduled day) (in order) to collect括号里面是可以先省掉的修饰语。
E选项中the last day that they are scheduled to collect, the automobile company's severance package is available to workers 这里跟了一个that定语从句定这个last day，那么意思就成了他们“被安排（schedule）来collect”的最后一天了。我感觉意思不同了。
2、schedule的用法：常用被动，sth. be scheduled to…，E选项中are scheduled to collect的主语只能是packages，但they是指代workers，这样就出现了指代错误。
3、从common sense 来看，公司要求员工呆到合同的最后一天last scheduled day，然后才能领packages，这样很合情理。相反，公司要求员工呆到可以领packages的最后一天，这是怎么回事？讲不通吧？我觉得D和A的意思相通，是对的。
4、severance pay/package：money or other things that you get when you have to leave a company because your employer no longer has a job for you

24.  An international group of more than 2,000 scientists project an average global warming that will be between 1.8 and 6.3 degrees Fahrenheit by the year 2000.
A. project an average global warming that will be between 1.8 and
B. project an average global warming to be from 1.8 to
C. project global warming that will average between 1.8 and
D. projects global warming to average from 1.8 to
E. projects an average global warming of between 1.8 and
D: average 修饰对象改变，改变句意，变成修饰数字了
E: correct

rossyx

26. The electronics company has unveiled what it claims to be the world’s smallest network digital camcorder, the length of which is that of a handheld computer, and it weighs less than 11 ounces.
A.        to be the world’s smallest network digital camcorder, the length of which is that of a handheld computer, and it weighs
B.        to be the smallest network digital camcorder in the world, which is as long as a handheld computer, weighing
C.        is the smallest network digital camcorder in the world, which is as long as a handheld computer, and it weighs
D.        is the world’s smallest network digital camcorder, which is as long as a handheld computer and weighs
E.        is the world’s smallest network digital camcorder, the length of which is that of a handheld computer, weighing
BE: weighing的修饰对象不清楚，computer or camcorder？
D: correct

32. The computer company has announced that it will purchase the color-printing division of a rival company for $950 million, which is part of a deal that will make it the largest manufacturer in the office color-printing market,
A) million, which is part of a deal that will make
B) million, a part of a deal that makes
C) million, part of a deal making
D) million as a part of a deal to make
E) million as part of a deal that will make
as: prep. used to describe the fact that sth/sb has a particular job or function.
在句中作为part of a deal的是division，而不是950 million。
A: which指代million不对
B: makes时态不对，应该用将来时，表示将来的预期
C: 分词的形式不能表达出从句才具有的时态感念
D: to make修饰有歧义，原意是a deal make it，不定式的逻辑主语可以是句子主语
to make可以作表示目的的状语，但不会误解修饰 announced，因为announced后面有that已经是从句部分了，只能表示purchase的目的。但用to make表达的含义与原文有出入（原文that定从是表示结果，不是表示目的）。
as part of a deal就是as引导的介词短语作purchase的状语。
E: correct

35. The government predicts that, for consumers and businesses that make a large number of long-distance calls, the Federal communication's recent telephone rate cuts will greatly reduce costs, though some consumer groups disagree with the government's estimates, suggesting they are too optimistic.
A. The government predicts that, for consumers and businesses that make a large number of long-distance calls, the Federal communication's recent telephone rate cuts will greatly reduce costs,
B. The government predicts that costs will be greatly reduced for consumers and businesses that make a large number of long-distance calls by the Federal Communication Commission's telephone rate cuts,
C. The government's prediction is, for consumers and businesses making a large number of long-distance calls, costs will be greatly reduced by the recent telephone rate cuts made by the Federal Communications Commission,
D. For consumers and businesses that make large number of long-distance calls, the government prediction that the Federal Communication's recent telephone rate cuts will greatly reduce costs,
E. For consumers and businesses making a large number of long-distance calls, the government predicts that the recent telephone rate cuts that the Federal Communications Commission has made will greatly reduce costs,
A: correct
BD: costs be reduced by XX，被动表达不好
D: 无谓语
DE: For … 修饰的对象不对，应该是FCC（for…是对某某来说，而不是为某某人）

rossyx

45. Hydrocarbons, with which fruit flies perfume themselves in species-specific blends, are known to be important in courtship, and apparently this assists flies that taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates to distinguish their own species from that of others.
A. and apparently this assists flies that taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates to distinguish their own species from that of
B. and apparently this assists flies when they taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates in distinguishing their own species from those of
C. which apparently assists flies that tastes the hydrocarbons on prospective mates in being able to distinguish their own species from
D. apparently assisting flies to taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates to distinguish their own species from those of
E. apparently assisting flies that taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates in distinguishing their own species from
E: correct（分词结构）
注意原文assist to do/in doing，D中的assisting flies to taste很容易误导人，其实assist与后面的to distinguish/in distinguishing才是一起的。

53. The ability of scientists to provide models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to changing conditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions, have become ever more accurate.
A.  The ability of scientists to provide models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to changing conditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions, have become ever more accurate.
B.  The ability of scientists has become ever more accurate in providing models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to changing conditions, such as seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions.
C.  Scientists have become able to provide ever more accurate models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to such changing conditions as seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions.
D.  Scientists have become ever more accurate in their ability for providing models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to changing conditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions.
E.  Scientists’ ability to provide models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to such changing conditions as seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions have become ever more accurate.
AE: have改成has 我认为AB错最的原因还有ability be accurate不合逻辑
C: correct

60. First discovered more than 30 years ago, Lina's sunbird, a four-and-a-half-inch animal found in the Philippines and that resembles a hummingbird, has shimmering metallic colors on its head; a brilliant orange patch, bordered with red tufts, in the center of its breast; and a red eye.
A. found in the Philippines and that resembles
B. found in the Philippines and that, resembling
C. found in the Philippines and resembling
D. that is found in the Philippines and it resembles
E. that is found in the Philippines and that, resembling
AB: and that和前面不平行
C: correct（过去分词与现在分词并列）
DE: that和it不平行，此外that多余

73. With no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no hunting, wildlife officials estimate the New Jersey deer population to have grown to exceed 175,000
A. With no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no hunting, wildlife officials estimate the New Jersey deer population to have
B. With no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that do not allow hunting, wildlife officials' estimate of the deer population in New Jersey has
C. With no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods where there is no hunting, the deer population in New Jersey, wildlife officials estimate, has
D. Without natural predators and no hunting allowed in expanse of green suburban neighborhoods, New Jersey has a deer population that wildlife officials estimate to have
E. Without natural predators and with expanses of green neighborhoods where there is no hunting, wildlife officials in New Jersey estimate a deer population that has
ABDE: with的逻辑主语不正确。
C: correct

rossyx

82. Appearing to be the only candidate whose views would be acceptable to its membership, the Youth Canorous finally endorsed Gorge for city council.
A) Appearing to be
B) Seeming to be
C) Because he appeared to be
D) Because he seemed
E) Being
ABE: 分词修饰对象错（注意未划线部分的主语）且分词不如连词能表达出因果的含义
C: correct

85. The British sociologist and activist Barbara Wootton once noted as a humorous example of income maldistribution that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning annually exactly what she then earned as director of adult education for London.
A. that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning
B. that the elephant, giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, had been earning
C. that there was an elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, and it earned
D. the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and was earning
E. the elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and that it earned
OG原题。
86. Bluegrass musician Bill Monroe, whose repertory, views on musical collaboration, and vocal style were influential on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from his own.
A. were influential on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from
B. influenced generations of bluegrass artists, also inspired many musicians, including Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from
C. were influential to generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music was different significantly in comparison to
D. were influential to generations of bluegrass artists, also inspired many musicians, who include Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, the music of whom differed significantly when compared to
E. were an influence on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, including Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from that of
OG原题。
B, the best choice, is idiomatic, clear, and without agreement errors or redundancy. In A and E, the phrases were influential on and were an influence on are not idiomatic and furthermore could be replaced by the more direct influenced. In A, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia improperly modifies many musicians. In E, the construction different from that of his own is confusing since there is no referent for that: different from his own makes a logical comparison. Both C and D may be faulted for wordiness and redundancy in their use of was different significantly in comparison to and differed significantly when compared to. In C, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia improperly modifies many musicians. Finally, the music of whom in D is cumbersome and stilted.
that不可以作非限制定语从句引导词，所以that的出现导致逗号前的东东成了插入语，that修饰插入语前面的东东。
including 是介词，引导的介词短语修饰musicians，请看LONGMAN：
used to introduce something or someone that is part of a larger group or amount you have just mentioned 反义词是 excluding。
例：You'll need a variety of skills, including leadership and negotiating.
A中that前面的was also an inspiration to many musicians不是插入语，那么就不能用that.因为that只能引导限制性定语从句，that修饰的名词和that中间不能有逗号（插入语例外）
B中的including修饰的是musicians,可以从后面的whose music可以看出来。而且这个句子的谓语是inspire, including不可能跳过句子主干去修饰前面whose引导的定语从句中的artists，如果要修饰artists,就应该紧跟在artists后面。

96. From studies of the bony house of the brain, which is the cranium, located in the back of the skull, come what scientists know about dinosaur brains.
A. From studies of the bony house of the brain, which is the cranium, located in the back of the skull, come what scientists know about dinosaur brains.
B. The knowledge of dinosaur brains that scientists have come from studies of the bony house of the brain, located in the back of the skull, that is, the cranium
C. The knowledge that scientists know about dinosaur brains comes from studies of the bony house of the brain, which is located in the back of the skull and is called the cranium
D. What scientists know about dinosaur brains comes from studies of the cranium, the bony house of the brain located in the back of the skull
E. Located in the back of the skull is the cranium, the bony house of the brain, and it is from studies of this that scientists know what they know about dinosaur brains
A: which 指代brain错；located修饰不明；无主语
B: come应该用单数动词；located修饰不明；that is 指代不明
C: which指代不明；
D: correct
E: 无谓语
注意：
1、        located过去分词做定语，一定要尽可能紧挨着修饰词，用逗号隔离之后修饰对象可能是邻近，可能是主语，也可能修饰后面的词，也能做状语。

rossyx

97. During the last interglacial period, the climate on the Earth was warmer than it is today, and the consequent melting of the polar ice caps caused the sea level to raise about 60 feet over and above what its height presently is now.
A. sea level to raise about 60 feet over and above what its height presently is now
B. sea level to be raised over its height presently about 60 feet
C. sea level to rise about 60 feet above its present height
D. level of the seas to rise over and above its present height about 60 feet
E. level of the seas to be raised over their height, now about 60 feet
A: over and above重复；raise是及物动词，必须有宾语；presently和now重复
B: presently修饰对象发生改变，改变了句意，副词只能修饰动词或形容词
C: correct
D: over and above重复
E: their指seas错, 被动语态不好，now about 60 feet是指height，改变了原意。

98. In hoping to restrain economic growth, interest rates were raised by British policymakers, making it more expensive to borrow for businesses and consumers.
A. In hoping to restrain economic growth, interest rates were raised by British policymakers, making it more expensive to borrow for businesses and consumers.
B.  Making it more expensive for businesses and consumers to borrow, interest rates were raised by British policymakers, in hopes of their restraining economic growth.
C. In making borrowing for businesses and consumers more expensive, British policymakers, in hopes they will restrain economic growth, had raised interest rates.
D. Hopefully restraining economic growth, British policymakers raised interest rates, making more expensive borrowing by businesses and consumers.
E.  Hoping to restrain economic growth, British policymakers raised interest rates, making it more expensive for businesses and consumers to borrow.
AB: 分词状语的逻辑主语错误。hoping修饰rates错，making修饰rates错；用被动没有必要性；
C: had raised过去完成时错；同位语从句最好补充that
D: Hopefully 改变句子意思；make by用法错
E: correct
注意：
1、        in hopes用法，in (the) hopes of doing 或者in (the) hopes that A will do B，
2、        make的形式宾语it的用法，指代to do或者that …

101. Defying(挑战) efforts by policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic at restraining it, the United States dollar, continuing its rise, reaching its highest level in six years against the German mark.
A. at restraining it, the United States dollar, continuing its rise, reaching
B. at restraining it, the rise of the United States dollar continued to reach
C. at restraining it, the United States dollar continued rising, and it reached
D. to restrain it, the United States dollar continued its rise, reaching
E. to restrain it, the United States dollar is continuing its rise, and to reach
defy: verb. to refuse to obey or show respect for sb in authority, a law, a rule, etc.
A: 无谓语；effort to do习惯用法
B: defying 修饰the rise错
C: 同上(continue doing错,应为continue to do; and it中的it多余)
D: correct
E: continuing不能用进行时; and to reach和前面不平行

109. The computer company reported strong second-quarter earnings that surpassed Wall Street’s estimates and announced the first in a series of price cuts intended to increase sales further.
A. The computer company reported strong second-quarter earnings that surpassed Wall Street’s estimates and announced the first in a series of price cuts intended to increase sales further.
B. The report of the computer company showed strong second-quarter earnings, surpassing Wall Street’s estimates, and they announced the first in a series of price cuts that they intend to increase sales further.
C. Surpassing Wall Street’s estimates, the report of the computer company showed strong second-quarter earnings, and, for the purpose of increasing sales further, they announced the first in a series of price cuts.
D. The computer company reported strong second-quarter earnings, while announcing the first in a series of price cuts for the purpose of increasing sales further that surpass Wall Street’s estimates.
E. The computer company, surpassing Wall Street’s estimates, reported strong second-quarter earnings, while announcing that to increase sales further, there would be the first in a series of price cuts.
A: correct
BC的they没有指代对象
C的surpassing修饰the report错，应该修饰earnings。
D的that surpass修饰sales错，应该修饰earnings.
E: 两个句子并列（the company reported…, there would be…没有连词），句意表达错

rossyx

110. Even though her career was cut short when she was in her prime and the fifteen recordings she made were disappointing artistically as well as technically, Olive Fremstad (1871-1951) has never been entirely forgotten by opera aficionados.
A. though her career was cut short when she was in her prime and the fifteen recordings she made were
B. though her career was cut short while in her prime, with the fifteen recordings she made
C. as her career had been cut short when she was in her prime, with the fifteen recordings she had made
D. with her career having been cut short when she was in her prime, and the fifteen recordings she made were
E. with her career cut short while in her prime, and that the fifteen recordings she made were
while+prep短语的用法是对的，但要注意主句主语是什么。
例如：They wanted a place to stay while in Paris. while后面省略了句子的主谓they were。
with的用法：with/without + S1 + doing/based on/介词短语/adj./noun + SVO构成的复合结构（独立主格）作状语，在句尾修饰前面的句子或动作，例如：
She walked back to the bus stop, with him following her.
该题B选项的with结构放在句中，往前往后修饰有歧义。
OG-25
The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, with individual bulls and
cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and exciting enormous interest whenever they were put on show.
A: correct
C: had been过去完成没必要；with后面不能接句子
D: even with错
E: even with错，and that没有并列对象

111. The two oil companies agreed to merge their refining and marketing operations in the Midwest and the West, forming a new company for controlling nearly fifteen of the nation’s gasoline sales.
A. forming a new company for controlling
B. forming a new company that would control
C. which would form a new company that controlled
D. which formed a new company for controlling
E. which formed a new company that would control
A: for controlling没有表达出将来的状态
B: correct

113. The 151 member governments of the World Bank are expected to increase the bank’s funding by $175 billion, though some United States legislators cite an obstacle to congressional passage being the concern that the bank’s loans will help foreign producers compete with American businesses.
A. an obstacle to congressional passage being the concern
B. a concern as an obstacle to congressional passage
C. as an obstacle to congressional passage the concern
D. the concern, an obstacle to congressional passage
E. as an obstacle for Congress to pass it the concern
A: cite A as B, being 错
BD: 定语从句修饰词错，从未划线部分判断that定语从句应该修饰concern，而不是passage
C: correct

rossyx

117. Performing a risky maneuver that required precision flying, not only did space shuttle astronauts retrieve an orbiting satellite, it was done simultaneously while avoiding being rear-ended by a passing ultraviolet telescope.
A. not only did space shuttle astronauts retrieve an orbiting satellite, it was done simultaneously while avoiding
B. not only was an orbiting satellite retrieved by space shuttle astronauts, but they also simultaneously avoided
C. an orbiting satellite was retrieved by space shuttle astronauts who also avoided simultaneously
D. space shuttle astronauts retrieved an orbiting satellite, simultaneously while avoiding
E. space shuttle astronauts retrieved an orbiting satellite and simultaneously avoided
A: not only … it … 不对称
B: they 和satellite不一致；performing修饰satellite错
C: 同上
D: while不对，应该是并列关系不是转折(simultaneously while语意重复)
The sale raises questions about how Google will manage its existing business and that of the new DoubleClick unit while avoiding conflicts of interest.
while avoiding用法是没有错的，只是simultanously与while重复，才错了。
E: correct

120. It seems likely that a number of astronomical phenomena, such as the formation of planetary nebulas, may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other at close range.
A. may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other
B. may be caused by the interaction between two stars that each orbit the other
C. are because of the interaction between two stars that orbit each other
D. are caused by the interaction of two stars where each is orbiting the other
E. are caused by the interaction of two stars orbiting each other
AB: seems likely 和may 意思重复；where指代interaction意思错
C: are because of 错
D: where没有指代对象
E: correct

126. In the major cities of industrialized countries at the end of the nineteenth century, important public places such as theaters, restaurants, shops, and banks had installed electric lighting, but electricity was in less than one percent of homes, where lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas.
A. electricity was in less than one percent of homes, where lighting was still
B. electricity was in less than one percent of homes and lighting still
C. there were less than one percent of homes with electricity, where lighting was still being
D. there was less than one percent of homes that had electricity, having lighting that was still
E. less than one percent of homes had electricity, where lighting had still been
A: correct
B: and lighting 改变了句意
CE: where修饰对象错
D: was应该是were；啰嗦