GMAT Prep-SC 知识点（3）-修饰

rossyx

3. Greatly influenced by the Protested missionary Samuel Kirkland, the Oneida was the only one of the five-nation Iroquois League who sided with the colonists during the American Revolution.
A.      was the only one of the five-nation Iroquois League who sided
B.      was alone of the five-nation Iroquois League when they sided
C.      alone among the five-nation Iroquois League sided
D.     were the only ones out of the five nations of Iroquois League in siding
E.      only of the five-nation Iroquois League had sided
错选A
Alone among the major candidates, Gaviria expressed a determination to continue the campaign.
关于one of + n.(pl.) + that + verb的单复数用法
one of+复数名词，that修饰复数名词
the (only) one of+复数名词，that修饰the one
所以，A中的who sided…应该修饰the Oneida，并没有错。看OG例题,
225. Minnesota is the only one of the contiguous forty-eight states that still has a sizable wolf population. and where this predator remains the archenemy of cattle and sheep.
(A)        that still has a sizable wolf population, and where
(B)        that still has a sizable wolf population, where
(C)        that still has a sizable population of wolves, and where
(D)        where the population of wolves is still sizable;
(E)        where there is still a sizable population of wolves and where
A: the Oneida表示民族时用复数概念, was应该是were,用who来指代Oneida也不恰当，应该用that。
C: correct

8. Women are expected to be the majority of student entering law school this fall, a trend ultimately placing more women in leadership position in politics and business.
A  Women are expected to be the majority of student entering law school this fall, a trend ultimately placing
B  The majority of students entering law school this fall are expected to be women, a trend that will ultimately place
C  The majority of students entering law school this fall are expected to be women, which will ultimately place
D  It is expected that the majority of students entering law school this fall will be women, a trend ultimately placing
E  It is expected for the women to be the majority of students entering law school this fall, which will ultimately place
注意分词作定语和定语从句的区别，时间上的。
另外，我觉得AB的主句表达也有不同，B由the majority作主语比A的women更恰当些，尤其后面要跟a trend同位语从句。
A: 同位语的placing结构，不能表现出即将发生的趋势，而是一直发生的
B: correct，用that定语从句修饰trend，清晰表明了要发生的动作
C: which无指代
D: 同A
E: 同C
注意：
1、which和同位语结构同时出现，表明应该用同位语结构，因为which指代前面整个句子错；
2、分词和that从句同时修饰一个名词，要看从句是否有表达分词不能表达的逻辑含义，如果是则选从句，反之选分词修饰更加简洁

9. The investigations of many psychologist and anthropologists support the generalization of there being little that is a significant difference in underlying mental processes manifested by people from different culture.
A   of there being little that is a significant difference
B   of there being little that is significantly different
C   of little that is significantly different
D   that there is little that is significantly different
E   that there is little of significant differences
E与原文要表达的意思不同。little是量词，little of sth是指sth中的一点。
ABC: of there being 错，
D: correct, little是名词，that从句修饰little
E: little of 一般加不可数名词（little是量词时little of连用，后面跟可数不可数名词没有限制，字典中给出的例子都有，如：little of the existing housing中的housing是不可数名词，而little of the $16 million dollars中的dollar是可数名词，如何解释？），同时表达否定意义
注意：
1、解释前一个名词优先使用同位语从句，遇到of + sth +doing，可以直接判断选那个that + sth + do结构
2、different和difference都可以加in表示在什么方面的不同

rossyx

165. Blaming its recent troubles on a widening recession and slow rate of technology spending, the computer company announced that it would cut 10 percent of its workforce—more than 2.000 jobs—and expected to report a loss in its third quarter.
A. company announced that it would cut 10 percent of its workforce—more than 2,000 jobs—and expected to report a
B. company announced that there would be a cut—10 percent of its workforce, which was more than 2,000 jobs—and expected a reported
C. company announced the cutting of its workforce by 10 percent, more than 2,000 jobs, and it expected a reported
D. company's announcement included the cutting of its workforce by 10 percent, or more than 2,000 jobs, and expecting to report a
E. company's announcement included cutting its workforce—which is more than 2,000 jobs—and expecting there to be a reported
A: correct
B: there would be a cut错，应该用主谓结构表达；reported改变句意，
C: announced the cutting of错，应该用从句；同上
DE: blaming不能修饰announcement

166. Nine months after the county banned jet skis and other water bikes from the tranquil waters of Puget Sound, a judge overturned the ban on the ground of violating state laws for allowing the use of personal watercraft on common waterways.
A. of violating state laws for allowing
B. of their violating state laws to allow
C. that it violates state laws that allowed
D. that it violated state laws allowing
E. that state laws were being violated allowing
on the ground(s) that…: if you do sth on the grounds of a particular thing, that thing is the reason for your action.
The court overturned that decision on the grounds that the Prosecution has withheld crucial evidence.
on the ground(s) of +noun.
Owen was against it, on the grounds of expense.
A: 此处应该用同位语从句
B: 同上
their的指代有问题，to allow表示目的，其逻辑主语有a judge的嫌疑，原文allow…是laws的定语
C: violates应该用过去式；that allowed用allowing更简洁
D: correct
E: 被动语态没必要，逻辑意思表达也错

171. Even though it was not illegal for the bank to share its customers' personal and financial information with an outside marketing company in return for a commission on sales, the state's attorney general accused the bank of engaging in deceptive business practices by failing to honor its promise to its customers to keep records private.
A. by failing to honor its promise to its customers to keep
B. by its failure of honoring its promise to its customers to keep
C. in its failing to honor its promise to its customers of keeping
D. because of its failure in honoring its promise to its customers in keeping
E. because of its failure to honor its promise to its customers of keeping
A: correct
B: failure不如failing简洁
C: its failing是动名词不简洁，promise to do或promise that..，而不是promise of doing或promise in doing
D: 同上(我感觉用because表达因果关系有点改变原意,原文是by doing表方式)

rossyx

145. Many environmentalists, and some economists, say that free trade encourages industry to relocate to countries with ineffective or poorly enforced antipollution laws, mostly in the developing world, and that, in order to maintain competitiveness, rich nations have joined this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution.
A. that, in order to maintain competitiveness, rich nations have joined this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution
B. that, for maintaining competitiveness, rich nations join in this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution
C. that rich nations join this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution because of wanting to maintain competitiveness
D. that in rich nations, joining this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution is a result of wanting to maintain competition
E. that wanting to maintain competition is making rich nations join in this downward slide toward an attitude about pollution that is more lax
A: correct
B: for + doing 表目的错
CD: because of + doing 错；wanting to do 就等于to do
E: 同上；that 修饰pollution错

155. The bones of Majungatholus atopus, a meat-eating dinosaur that is a distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembles South American predatory dinosaurs, have been discovered in Madagascar.
A.        The bones of Majungatholus atopus, a meat-eating dinosaur that is a distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembles South American predatory dinosaurs, have been discovered in Madagascar.
B.        The bones of a meat-eating dinosaur, Majungatholus atopus, a distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and with a close resemblance to South American predatory dinosaurs, has been discovered in Madagascar.
C.        In Madagascar, the bones of a meat-eating dinosaur, Majungatholus atopus, distantly related to Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembled South American predatory dinosaurs, have been discovered.
D.        A distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex, bearing a close resemblance to South American predatory dinosaurs is Majungatholus atopus, a meat-eating dinosaur, the bones of which have been discovered in Madagascar.
E.        A distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembling South American predatory dinosaurs, the bones of meat-eating dinosaur, Majungatholus atopus, have been discovered in Madagascar.
A: correct
B: has 应该改成have
C: distantly related改变原文句意
D: 改变原文句意逻辑结构
E: a distant relative 和the bones不能做同位语

157. In the mod-1920s the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company was the scene of an intensive series of experiments that would investigate changes in working conditions as to their effects on workers’ performance.
A.        that would investigate changes in working conditions as to their effects on workers’ performance
B.        investigating the effects that changes in working conditions would have on workers’ performance
C.        for investigating what the effects on workers’ performance are that changes in working conditions would cause
D.        that investigated changes in working conditions’ effects on workers’ performance
E.        to investigate what the effects changes in working conditions would have on workers’ performance
大全上的题目
A: their没有指代
B: correct（investigating现在分词作experiments的后置定语，the effects是investigate的宾语，that引导的是effects的定语从句）
C: that没有指代
D: conditions’ effects 改变原意（是changes in working condition’s effects还是changes in working condition’s effects，表达不清楚）
E: changes in working conditions would have做定语修饰the effects，what the effects没有谓语。

164. In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. the United States acquired 828.000 square miles for about four cents an acre, which more than doubled the country's size and that brought its western border within reach of the Pacific Ocean.
A. In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, which more than doubled the country's size and that brought
B. For about four cents an acre the United States acquired, in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, 828,000 square miles, more than doubling the country's size and it brought
C. With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, more than doubling its size and bringing
D. The United States, in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, for about four cents an acre, acquired 828,000 square miles, more than doubling the country's size, bringing
E. Acquiring 828,000 square miles in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States bought it for about four cents an acre, more than doubling the country's size and bringing
A: which more than的which没有指代对象
B: it没有指代
C: correct
D: bringing应该和doubling平行，用and链接
E: it没有指代

rossyx

135. Sixty-five million years ago, according to some scientists, an asteroid bigger than Mount Everest slammed into North America, which, causing plant and animal extinctions, marks the end of the geologic era known as the Cretaceous Period.
A. which, causing plant and animal extinctions, marks
B. which caused the plant and animal extinctions marking
C. and causing plant and animal extinctions that mark
D. an event that caused plant and animal extinctions, and it marks
E. an event that caused the plant and animal extinctions that mark
D: and it marks是独立的句子，逻辑上无法与主句并列。
E: correct

137. Complex human traits such as artistic talent or social skill are likely to be shaped by thousands, if not tens of thousands, of the 80.000 or so genes in the human genome.
A. such as artistic talent or social skill are likely to be shaped by thousands, if not tens of thousands, of the 80,000 or so
B. such as artistic talent or social skill are likely shaped by thousands, if not tens of thousands, of 80,000 or so of the
C. such as artistic talent or social skill is likely to be shaped by thousands, if not tens of thousands, of 80,000 or so of the
D. like artistic talent or social skill is likely to be shaped by thousands, if not tens of thousands, of the 80,000 or so
E. like artistic talent or social skill are likely shaped by thousands, if not tens of thousands, of the 80,000 or so
the 80000 or so genes.与80000 or so of the genes.意思不同：前者是80000多个genes（总共这些），后者是genes中的80000多个（言外之意，还有更多genes）。OG上有类似的例题。
A: correct
B: likely to do固定搭配；80000前面要加the
C: is应该用are；数字前面要加the

141. Astronomers have uncovered evidence that a star that was as bright as the full moon exploding into view 340.000 years ago, emitting dazzling radiation that could have disrupted Earth's protective ozone layer and sunburned our Stone Age ancestors.
A. that a star that was as bright as the full moon exploding into view 340,000 years ago, emitting
B. that a star as bright as the full moon exploded into view 340,000 years ago, emitting
C. of a star that was as bright as the full moon exploding into view 340,000 years ago and that it emitted
D. of a star as bright as the full moon, exploding into view 340,000 years ago and emitting
E. of a star as bright as the full moon that exploded into view 340,000 years ago and that emitted
A: that同位语从句后面没有谓语
B: correct
C: of结构改变了原意；it没有指代（and that it没有并列对象）
D: 同上，exploding… and emitting优先修饰moon，有歧义。
E: 同上；that指代moon错

142. To protect English manufacturers of woolen goods both against American and Irish competition, England passed the Woolens Act of 1698, which prohibited the export of woolen cloth beyond a colony's borders.
A. To protect English manufacturers of woolen goods both against American and Irish competition, England passed the Woolens Act of 1698
B. In order to protect English manufacturers of woolen goods against both American and Irish competition, England passed the Woolens Act of 1698
C. In order to protect English manufacturers of woolen goods against American, as well as against Irish, competition, the Woolens Act of 1698 was passed by England
D. For protecting English manufacturers of woolen goods against American, as well as Irish, competition, England passed the Woolens Act of 1698
E. For the protection of English manufacturers of woolen goods against both American and Irish competition, the Woolens Act of 1698, passed by England
A: both .. and .. 不对称
B: correct
C: which 指代England错
D: 表目的用to do
E: 同上(无谓语)

rossyx

117. Performing a risky maneuver that required precision flying, not only did space shuttle astronauts retrieve an orbiting satellite, it was done simultaneously while avoiding being rear-ended by a passing ultraviolet telescope.
A. not only did space shuttle astronauts retrieve an orbiting satellite, it was done simultaneously while avoiding
B. not only was an orbiting satellite retrieved by space shuttle astronauts, but they also simultaneously avoided
C. an orbiting satellite was retrieved by space shuttle astronauts who also avoided simultaneously
D. space shuttle astronauts retrieved an orbiting satellite, simultaneously while avoiding
E. space shuttle astronauts retrieved an orbiting satellite and simultaneously avoided
A: not only … it … 不对称
B: they 和satellite不一致；performing修饰satellite错
C: 同上
D: while不对，应该是并列关系不是转折(simultaneously while语意重复)
The sale raises questions about how Google will manage its existing business and that of the new DoubleClick unit while avoiding conflicts of interest.
while avoiding用法是没有错的，只是simultanously与while重复，才错了。
E: correct

120. It seems likely that a number of astronomical phenomena, such as the formation of planetary nebulas, may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other at close range.
A. may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other
B. may be caused by the interaction between two stars that each orbit the other
C. are because of the interaction between two stars that orbit each other
D. are caused by the interaction of two stars where each is orbiting the other
E. are caused by the interaction of two stars orbiting each other
AB: seems likely 和may 意思重复；where指代interaction意思错
C: are because of 错
D: where没有指代对象
E: correct

126. In the major cities of industrialized countries at the end of the nineteenth century, important public places such as theaters, restaurants, shops, and banks had installed electric lighting, but electricity was in less than one percent of homes, where lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas.
A. electricity was in less than one percent of homes, where lighting was still
B. electricity was in less than one percent of homes and lighting still
C. there were less than one percent of homes with electricity, where lighting was still being
D. there was less than one percent of homes that had electricity, having lighting that was still
E. less than one percent of homes had electricity, where lighting had still been
A: correct
B: and lighting 改变了句意
CE: where修饰对象错
D: was应该是were；啰嗦

rossyx

110. Even though her career was cut short when she was in her prime and the fifteen recordings she made were disappointing artistically as well as technically, Olive Fremstad (1871-1951) has never been entirely forgotten by opera aficionados.
A. though her career was cut short when she was in her prime and the fifteen recordings she made were
B. though her career was cut short while in her prime, with the fifteen recordings she made
C. as her career had been cut short when she was in her prime, with the fifteen recordings she had made
D. with her career having been cut short when she was in her prime, and the fifteen recordings she made were
E. with her career cut short while in her prime, and that the fifteen recordings she made were
while+prep短语的用法是对的，但要注意主句主语是什么。
例如：They wanted a place to stay while in Paris. while后面省略了句子的主谓they were。
with的用法：with/without + S1 + doing/based on/介词短语/adj./noun + SVO构成的复合结构（独立主格）作状语，在句尾修饰前面的句子或动作，例如：
She walked back to the bus stop, with him following her.
该题B选项的with结构放在句中，往前往后修饰有歧义。
OG-25
The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, with individual bulls and
cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and exciting enormous interest whenever they were put on show.
A: correct
C: had been过去完成没必要；with后面不能接句子
D: even with错
E: even with错，and that没有并列对象

111. The two oil companies agreed to merge their refining and marketing operations in the Midwest and the West, forming a new company for controlling nearly fifteen of the nation’s gasoline sales.
A. forming a new company for controlling
B. forming a new company that would control
C. which would form a new company that controlled
D. which formed a new company for controlling
E. which formed a new company that would control
A: for controlling没有表达出将来的状态
B: correct

113. The 151 member governments of the World Bank are expected to increase the bank’s funding by $175 billion, though some United States legislators cite an obstacle to congressional passage being the concern that the bank’s loans will help foreign producers compete with American businesses.
A. an obstacle to congressional passage being the concern
B. a concern as an obstacle to congressional passage
C. as an obstacle to congressional passage the concern
D. the concern, an obstacle to congressional passage
E. as an obstacle for Congress to pass it the concern
A: cite A as B, being 错
BD: 定语从句修饰词错，从未划线部分判断that定语从句应该修饰concern，而不是passage
C: correct

rossyx

97. During the last interglacial period, the climate on the Earth was warmer than it is today, and the consequent melting of the polar ice caps caused the sea level to raise about 60 feet over and above what its height presently is now.
A. sea level to raise about 60 feet over and above what its height presently is now
B. sea level to be raised over its height presently about 60 feet
C. sea level to rise about 60 feet above its present height
D. level of the seas to rise over and above its present height about 60 feet
E. level of the seas to be raised over their height, now about 60 feet
A: over and above重复；raise是及物动词，必须有宾语；presently和now重复
B: presently修饰对象发生改变，改变了句意，副词只能修饰动词或形容词
C: correct
D: over and above重复
E: their指seas错, 被动语态不好，now about 60 feet是指height，改变了原意。

98. In hoping to restrain economic growth, interest rates were raised by British policymakers, making it more expensive to borrow for businesses and consumers.
A. In hoping to restrain economic growth, interest rates were raised by British policymakers, making it more expensive to borrow for businesses and consumers.
B.  Making it more expensive for businesses and consumers to borrow, interest rates were raised by British policymakers, in hopes of their restraining economic growth.
C. In making borrowing for businesses and consumers more expensive, British policymakers, in hopes they will restrain economic growth, had raised interest rates.
D. Hopefully restraining economic growth, British policymakers raised interest rates, making more expensive borrowing by businesses and consumers.
E.  Hoping to restrain economic growth, British policymakers raised interest rates, making it more expensive for businesses and consumers to borrow.
AB: 分词状语的逻辑主语错误。hoping修饰rates错，making修饰rates错；用被动没有必要性；
C: had raised过去完成时错；同位语从句最好补充that
D: Hopefully 改变句子意思；make by用法错
E: correct
注意：
1、        in hopes用法，in (the) hopes of doing 或者in (the) hopes that A will do B，
2、        make的形式宾语it的用法，指代to do或者that …

101. Defying(挑战) efforts by policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic at restraining it, the United States dollar, continuing its rise, reaching its highest level in six years against the German mark.
A. at restraining it, the United States dollar, continuing its rise, reaching
B. at restraining it, the rise of the United States dollar continued to reach
C. at restraining it, the United States dollar continued rising, and it reached
D. to restrain it, the United States dollar continued its rise, reaching
E. to restrain it, the United States dollar is continuing its rise, and to reach
defy: verb. to refuse to obey or show respect for sb in authority, a law, a rule, etc.
A: 无谓语；effort to do习惯用法
B: defying 修饰the rise错
C: 同上(continue doing错,应为continue to do; and it中的it多余)
D: correct
E: continuing不能用进行时; and to reach和前面不平行

109. The computer company reported strong second-quarter earnings that surpassed Wall Street’s estimates and announced the first in a series of price cuts intended to increase sales further.
A. The computer company reported strong second-quarter earnings that surpassed Wall Street’s estimates and announced the first in a series of price cuts intended to increase sales further.
B. The report of the computer company showed strong second-quarter earnings, surpassing Wall Street’s estimates, and they announced the first in a series of price cuts that they intend to increase sales further.
C. Surpassing Wall Street’s estimates, the report of the computer company showed strong second-quarter earnings, and, for the purpose of increasing sales further, they announced the first in a series of price cuts.
D. The computer company reported strong second-quarter earnings, while announcing the first in a series of price cuts for the purpose of increasing sales further that surpass Wall Street’s estimates.
E. The computer company, surpassing Wall Street’s estimates, reported strong second-quarter earnings, while announcing that to increase sales further, there would be the first in a series of price cuts.
A: correct
BC的they没有指代对象
C的surpassing修饰the report错，应该修饰earnings。
D的that surpass修饰sales错，应该修饰earnings.
E: 两个句子并列（the company reported…, there would be…没有连词），句意表达错

rossyx

82. Appearing to be the only candidate whose views would be acceptable to its membership, the Youth Canorous finally endorsed Gorge for city council.
A) Appearing to be
B) Seeming to be
C) Because he appeared to be
D) Because he seemed
E) Being
ABE: 分词修饰对象错（注意未划线部分的主语）且分词不如连词能表达出因果的含义
C: correct

85. The British sociologist and activist Barbara Wootton once noted as a humorous example of income maldistribution that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning annually exactly what she then earned as director of adult education for London.
A. that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning
B. that the elephant, giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, had been earning
C. that there was an elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, and it earned
D. the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and was earning
E. the elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and that it earned
OG原题。
86. Bluegrass musician Bill Monroe, whose repertory, views on musical collaboration, and vocal style were influential on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from his own.
A. were influential on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from
B. influenced generations of bluegrass artists, also inspired many musicians, including Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from
C. were influential to generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music was different significantly in comparison to
D. were influential to generations of bluegrass artists, also inspired many musicians, who include Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, the music of whom differed significantly when compared to
E. were an influence on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, including Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from that of
OG原题。
B, the best choice, is idiomatic, clear, and without agreement errors or redundancy. In A and E, the phrases were influential on and were an influence on are not idiomatic and furthermore could be replaced by the more direct influenced. In A, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia improperly modifies many musicians. In E, the construction different from that of his own is confusing since there is no referent for that: different from his own makes a logical comparison. Both C and D may be faulted for wordiness and redundancy in their use of was different significantly in comparison to and differed significantly when compared to. In C, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia improperly modifies many musicians. Finally, the music of whom in D is cumbersome and stilted.
that不可以作非限制定语从句引导词，所以that的出现导致逗号前的东东成了插入语，that修饰插入语前面的东东。
including 是介词，引导的介词短语修饰musicians，请看LONGMAN：
used to introduce something or someone that is part of a larger group or amount you have just mentioned 反义词是 excluding。
例：You'll need a variety of skills, including leadership and negotiating.
A中that前面的was also an inspiration to many musicians不是插入语，那么就不能用that.因为that只能引导限制性定语从句，that修饰的名词和that中间不能有逗号（插入语例外）
B中的including修饰的是musicians,可以从后面的whose music可以看出来。而且这个句子的谓语是inspire, including不可能跳过句子主干去修饰前面whose引导的定语从句中的artists，如果要修饰artists,就应该紧跟在artists后面。

96. From studies of the bony house of the brain, which is the cranium, located in the back of the skull, come what scientists know about dinosaur brains.
A. From studies of the bony house of the brain, which is the cranium, located in the back of the skull, come what scientists know about dinosaur brains.
B. The knowledge of dinosaur brains that scientists have come from studies of the bony house of the brain, located in the back of the skull, that is, the cranium
C. The knowledge that scientists know about dinosaur brains comes from studies of the bony house of the brain, which is located in the back of the skull and is called the cranium
D. What scientists know about dinosaur brains comes from studies of the cranium, the bony house of the brain located in the back of the skull
E. Located in the back of the skull is the cranium, the bony house of the brain, and it is from studies of this that scientists know what they know about dinosaur brains
A: which 指代brain错；located修饰不明；无主语
B: come应该用单数动词；located修饰不明；that is 指代不明
C: which指代不明；
D: correct
E: 无谓语
注意：
1、        located过去分词做定语，一定要尽可能紧挨着修饰词，用逗号隔离之后修饰对象可能是邻近，可能是主语，也可能修饰后面的词，也能做状语。

rossyx

45. Hydrocarbons, with which fruit flies perfume themselves in species-specific blends, are known to be important in courtship, and apparently this assists flies that taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates to distinguish their own species from that of others.
A. and apparently this assists flies that taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates to distinguish their own species from that of
B. and apparently this assists flies when they taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates in distinguishing their own species from those of
C. which apparently assists flies that tastes the hydrocarbons on prospective mates in being able to distinguish their own species from
D. apparently assisting flies to taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates to distinguish their own species from those of
E. apparently assisting flies that taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates in distinguishing their own species from
E: correct（分词结构）
注意原文assist to do/in doing，D中的assisting flies to taste很容易误导人，其实assist与后面的to distinguish/in distinguishing才是一起的。

53. The ability of scientists to provide models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to changing conditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions, have become ever more accurate.
A.  The ability of scientists to provide models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to changing conditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions, have become ever more accurate.
B.  The ability of scientists has become ever more accurate in providing models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to changing conditions, such as seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions.
C.  Scientists have become able to provide ever more accurate models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to such changing conditions as seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions.
D.  Scientists have become ever more accurate in their ability for providing models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to changing conditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions.
E.  Scientists’ ability to provide models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to such changing conditions as seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions have become ever more accurate.
AE: have改成has 我认为AB错最的原因还有ability be accurate不合逻辑
C: correct

60. First discovered more than 30 years ago, Lina's sunbird, a four-and-a-half-inch animal found in the Philippines and that resembles a hummingbird, has shimmering metallic colors on its head; a brilliant orange patch, bordered with red tufts, in the center of its breast; and a red eye.
A. found in the Philippines and that resembles
B. found in the Philippines and that, resembling
C. found in the Philippines and resembling
D. that is found in the Philippines and it resembles
E. that is found in the Philippines and that, resembling
AB: and that和前面不平行
C: correct（过去分词与现在分词并列）
DE: that和it不平行，此外that多余

73. With no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no hunting, wildlife officials estimate the New Jersey deer population to have grown to exceed 175,000
A. With no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no hunting, wildlife officials estimate the New Jersey deer population to have
B. With no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that do not allow hunting, wildlife officials' estimate of the deer population in New Jersey has
C. With no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods where there is no hunting, the deer population in New Jersey, wildlife officials estimate, has
D. Without natural predators and no hunting allowed in expanse of green suburban neighborhoods, New Jersey has a deer population that wildlife officials estimate to have
E. Without natural predators and with expanses of green neighborhoods where there is no hunting, wildlife officials in New Jersey estimate a deer population that has
ABDE: with的逻辑主语不正确。
C: correct

rossyx

26. The electronics company has unveiled what it claims to be the world’s smallest network digital camcorder, the length of which is that of a handheld computer, and it weighs less than 11 ounces.
A.        to be the world’s smallest network digital camcorder, the length of which is that of a handheld computer, and it weighs
B.        to be the smallest network digital camcorder in the world, which is as long as a handheld computer, weighing
C.        is the smallest network digital camcorder in the world, which is as long as a handheld computer, and it weighs
D.        is the world’s smallest network digital camcorder, which is as long as a handheld computer and weighs
E.        is the world’s smallest network digital camcorder, the length of which is that of a handheld computer, weighing
BE: weighing的修饰对象不清楚，computer or camcorder？
D: correct

32. The computer company has announced that it will purchase the color-printing division of a rival company for $950 million, which is part of a deal that will make it the largest manufacturer in the office color-printing market,
A) million, which is part of a deal that will make
B) million, a part of a deal that makes
C) million, part of a deal making
D) million as a part of a deal to make
E) million as part of a deal that will make
as: prep. used to describe the fact that sth/sb has a particular job or function.
在句中作为part of a deal的是division，而不是950 million。
A: which指代million不对
B: makes时态不对，应该用将来时，表示将来的预期
C: 分词的形式不能表达出从句才具有的时态感念
D: to make修饰有歧义，原意是a deal make it，不定式的逻辑主语可以是句子主语
to make可以作表示目的的状语，但不会误解修饰 announced，因为announced后面有that已经是从句部分了，只能表示purchase的目的。但用to make表达的含义与原文有出入（原文that定从是表示结果，不是表示目的）。
as part of a deal就是as引导的介词短语作purchase的状语。
E: correct

35. The government predicts that, for consumers and businesses that make a large number of long-distance calls, the Federal communication's recent telephone rate cuts will greatly reduce costs, though some consumer groups disagree with the government's estimates, suggesting they are too optimistic.
A. The government predicts that, for consumers and businesses that make a large number of long-distance calls, the Federal communication's recent telephone rate cuts will greatly reduce costs,
B. The government predicts that costs will be greatly reduced for consumers and businesses that make a large number of long-distance calls by the Federal Communication Commission's telephone rate cuts,
C. The government's prediction is, for consumers and businesses making a large number of long-distance calls, costs will be greatly reduced by the recent telephone rate cuts made by the Federal Communications Commission,
D. For consumers and businesses that make large number of long-distance calls, the government prediction that the Federal Communication's recent telephone rate cuts will greatly reduce costs,
E. For consumers and businesses making a large number of long-distance calls, the government predicts that the recent telephone rate cuts that the Federal Communications Commission has made will greatly reduce costs,
A: correct
BD: costs be reduced by XX，被动表达不好
D: 无谓语
DE: For … 修饰的对象不对，应该是FCC（for…是对某某来说，而不是为某某人）