gwd-26-9

answer09

Q7 to Q9

There is no consensus among

researchers regarding what qualifies a

substance as a pheromone. While most

Line agree on a basic definition of pheromones

(5) as chemicals released by one individual

   of a species which, when detected by

   another individual of the same species,

   elicit a specific behavioral or physiological

   response, some researchers also specify

(10) that the response to pheromones must be

   unconscious. In addition, the distinction

   between pheromones and odorants—

   chemicals that are consciously detected

   as odors---can be blurry, and some

(15) researchers classify pheromones as a

type of odorant. Evidence that pheromone

responses may not involve conscious odor

perception comes from the finding that in

many species, pheromones are processed

(20) by the vomeronasal (or accessory olfactory)

    system, which uses a special structure in

the nose, the vomeronasal organ (VNO),

to receive chemical signals. The neural

connections between the VNO and the

(25) brain are separate from those of the main

olfactory system, whose processing of

odorants triggers sensations of smell. But

while the VNO does process many animal

pheromone signals, not all animal phero-

(30) mones work through the VNO. Conversely,

not all chemical signals transmitted via the

VNO quality as pheromones. For example,

garter snakes detect a chemical signal from

earthworms—one of their favorite foods—via

(35) the VNO, and they use this signal to track

their prey.

The primary purpose of the pas-

sage is to

A.     compare and contrast the ways

in which the vomeronasal organ

and the main olfactory systern

process chemicals.

B.     summarize the debate over the

role the vomeronasal organ

plays in odor perception

C.     present some of the issues

involved in the debate over

what constitutes a pheromone

D.     propose a new definition of

pheromones based on recent

research

E.      argue that pheromones should be

classified as a type of odorant

 

 

答案是e,我选的c...

swinerton

e is absolutely wrong. C is the correct answer.

asasasas1

我也覺得e不對選了C。。。但是C中“debate over what constitutes a pheromone”又似乎不太準確

請nn出來解釋一下！

IceOnMe

文中并没有提到what constitutes...，只是在说pheromone和odorant的区别吧

anonym1106

E跟文章主题反的. 只能选C

happydw

There is no consensus among             研究人员未能就如何判断物

researchers regarding what qualifies a      质是否信息素达成一致。

substance as a pheromone. While most     （观点对比）

Line agree on a basic definition of pheromones   其中大部分认同一个基本定义：

(5) as chemicals released by one individual       信息素是由一个物种个体释放

   of a species which, when detected by         出来的一种化学物质，当另一个

   another individual of the same species,        同类物种检测到时会引起特别

   elicit a specific behavioral or physiological     的行为或生理反应；并且，一

   response, some researchers also specify        部分研究人员认为对信息素的

(10) that the response to pheromones must be      反应必定是潜意识的。

   unconscious. In addition, the distinction       （递进）

   between pheromones and odorants—         另外，信息素和气味物质（一种

   chemicals that are consciously detected       能被有意检测到的气味化学物）

   as odors---can be blurry, and some           的差异是很模糊的，使得一些研

(15) researchers classify pheromones as a         究人员将信息素归类为一种气

type of odorant. Evidence that pheromone    （例证）

responses may not involve conscious odor     味物质。信息素不应归为有意

perception comes from the finding that in      散发气味的证据可以从多个物

many species, pheromones are processed      种上发现，信息素是由鼻犁骨

happydw

(20) by the vomeronasal (or accessory olfactory)    系统负责处理。

    system, which uses a special structure in

the nose, the vomeronasal organ (VNO),

to receive chemical signals. The neural        犁骨组织和大脑的神经连接是

connections between the VNO and the        和嗅觉系统与大脑的神经连接

(25) brain are separate from those of the main      分离的，而所有的气味感觉都

olfactory system, whose processing of        是由嗅觉系统处理。

odorants triggers sensations of smell. But      （转折，对比）

while the VNO does process many animal     但当犁骨组织处理动物信息素

pheromone signals, not all animal phero-      信号时，并非所有的信息素都

(30) mones work through the VNO. Conversely,    （反例）

not all chemical signals transmitted via the     由犁骨组织处理。相反，并非

VNO quality as pheromones. For example,     所有的通过犁骨组织传输的化

garter snakes detect a chemical signal from     学信号都是信息素。譬如：G

earthworms—one of their favorite foods—via   蛇通过犁骨组织检测地虫释

(35) the VNO, and they use this signal to track      放的化学信号，并且使用这些

their prey.                                                    信号追踪猎物。

翻译了一下，但是发现没有那个选项能够很好的概括文章。很明显C的constitutes完全不属于文章讨论内容，我选了D，但是我更加认为E选项漏了“not”，argue that pheromones should not be classified as a type of odorant。因为文章说了未有一致定义，接着说原有定义和实际发现不统一，正篇都是说明目前的定义和实际情况不吻合。

xiaoyuexiao

con?sti?tute
                W3
朗文对constitute的释意的第一条可完美支持选项C。E显然不对。
1 [linking verb, not in progressive]
            to be considered to be something:
Failing to complete the work constitutes a breach of the employment contract.
The rise in crime constitutes a threat to society.
2 [linking verb, not in progressive]
            if several people or things constitute something, they are the parts that form it:
We must redefine what constitutes a family.
3 [transitive usually in passive]
            formal
            to officially form a group or organization:
The Federation was constituted in 1949.

grossmun

"我更加认为E选项漏了“not”，argue that pheromones should not be classified as a type of odorant。"

--- 此猜测比较合理。

answer09

谢谢各位~~