4月GMAT作文新题讨论帖（AA部分-22篇）

te-hee

有待完善题信息的同学请提示我哦！

1. 题库64
The following appeared in a memorandum from the Director of Human Resources to the executive officers of Company X.
“Last year, we surveyed our employees on improvements needed at Company X by having them rank, in order of importance, the issues presented in a list of possible improvements. Improved communications between employees and management was consistently ranked as the issue of highest importance by the employees who responded to the survey. As you know, we have since instituted regular communications sessions conducted by high-level management, which the employees can attend on a voluntary basis. Therefore, it is likely that most employees at Company X now feel that the improvement most needed at the company has been made.

人力资源经理给X公司的经营主管的备忘录：
去年，我们向员工调查他们认为X公司应该进行的改进，让他们把改进按重要性排列。结果列印为一张可能的改进的表格。根据调查中员工的反应，“加强员工和管理层的沟通”最具重要性，稳居调查表之首。如你所知，那以后我们建立了由高层管理人员组织，雇员可以自愿参加的常规交流会。因此，看来X的多数员工认为最应该进行的改进已经完成了。

A. First of all, the arguer needs to provide more information to validate the survey.
B. In addition, the list used in the survey may not have included all the important issues with which the employees are concerned.
C. Finally, the assumption that the employeed are satisfied with the regular communications sessions lacks credibility because no evidence is given in this respect.

te-hee

2. 题库14

The following appeared as part of a newspaper editorial.
“Two years ago Nova High School began to use interactive computer instruction in three academic subjects. The school dropout rate declined immediately, and last year’s graduates have reported some impressive achievements in college. In future budgets the school board should use a greater portion of the available funds to buy more computers, and all schools in the district should adopt interactive computer instruction throughout the curriculum.”
报纸社论(editoral)：
两年前Nova高中开始在3个科学科目中使用互动计算机指导。学校的退学率立刻下降，而且去年的毕业生在大学取得了一些很不错的成绩。在未来的预算中，校董事会应该在能得到的资金中拨出更大的一块用来购买更多的计算机。而且这一区的所有学校都应该在课程中采用互动计算机指导。

OverSimplification--the decline in the school dropout rate and the use of interactive computer instruction do not necessarily imply causality
All Thing Equal--just because the computers worked in one subject does not mean that they will work in all subjects, so they might not want to implement it "throughout the curriculum"
InsufficientSample--the evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it.  The fact that some graduates reported some impressive achievements in college does not necessarily allow us to establish the general conclusion that the computer instruction is helping students to achieve success.  Unless it can be shown that the school does not usually produce graduates who report impressive achievments, and it can also be shown that the computer instruction influenced the students to make those achievements the conclusion drawn is unwarranted.
A. First of all, this argument commits a fallacy of post hoc, ergo propter hoc.
B. Second, the conclusion is based on the gratuitous assumption that Nova High School’s “success” in using interactive computer instruction in only three subjects would ensure a similar sweeping success in adopting computer instruction throughout the curriculum of all schools in the district.

te-hee

3.题库124

The following appeared in a memorandum from the owner of Carlo’s Clothing to the staff.
“Since Disc Depot, the music store on the next block, began a new radio advertising campaign last year, its business has grown dramatically, as evidenced by the large increase in foot traffic into the store. While the Disc Depot’s owners have apparently become wealthy enough to retire, profits at Carlo’s Clothing have remained stagnant for the past three years. In order to boost our sales and profits, we should therefore switch from newspaper advertising to frequent radio advertisements like those for Disc Depot.”

Carlo's服饰老板给员工的备忘录：
由于Disc Depot，相邻街区的音像店从去年开始新的电台广告，它的业务显著增长，从商店人流量的大量增加就可以看出。当Disc Depot的老板显然已经足够富有可以退休时，Carlo's服饰的利润3年来一直停滞不变(stagneant)。为了促进我们的销售和利润，我们应该像DiscDepot一样从报纸广告转向经常的电台广告

A. First, the argument rests on a fallacy of post hoc, ergo propter hoc.
B. Another problem with this argument is that it suffers from a false analogy.

te-hee

4.题库62
The following appeared in the letters-to-the-editor section of a local newspaper.
“Muscle Monthly, a fitness magazine that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines, frequently sells out, according to the owner of Skyview Newsstand. To help maximize fitness levels in our town's residents, we should, therefore, equip our new community fitness center with such machines.”

本地报纸上给编者的信板块：
一份叫Muscle Monthly的健康杂志规律性地刊登使用最好的训练器械的健美运动员的照片。据skyview报摊的摊主说它经常卖完。为了提高我镇居民的健康水平，我们应该给我们的新健身中心装备这样的器械。

1.The state-of-the-art exercise machines do not necessarily fit every one.
2.There are other ways to advance the fitness levels of the town’s residents.
3.We should question what the validity and reliability of the owner’s statement.
4.There is no concrete statistic to prove the relationship between sales volume and the report of exercise machines.


A. First, tha arguer unfairly assume that Powerflex sells well in general because it sells well at Skyview Newstand.
B. Second, granting that Powerflex that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines does sell well, there is no evidence that such machines will help maximize fitness levels.
C. Third, these machines that are suitable for body building man not bu suitable to help maximize the fitness level of the town’s residents.
D. Finally, granting that such machines can help maximize fitness levels,, adding such machines to the new commumity center will not ensure that the residents will use them to build up their health.

te-hee

5.题库32
The following appeared in the editorial section of a West Cambria newspaper.
“A recent review of the West Cambria volunteer ambulance service revealed a longer average response time to accidents than was reported by a commercial ambulance squad located in East Cambria. In order to provide better patient care for accident victims and to raise revenue for our town by collecting service fees for ambulance use, we should disband our volunteer service and hire a commercial ambulance service.”

一份西Cambria报纸的社论片断：
最近的对西Cambria的志愿救护服务的回顾显示出其对事故的平均应对时间比设在东Cambria的一个商业救护班要长。为了给事故受害者提供更好的医护服务并通过收取急救服务费来提高我们镇的税收，我们应当解散志愿救护并雇佣商业救护服务。

Ans:
Lower response time doesn’t necessarily mean a good quality of service, so we can’t just conclude that the commercial ambulance have a better quality of service than West Cambria volunteer ambulance. Maybe personnel in West Cambria volunteer service are better trained and better epuipped.
We have to analyze the reason that result in a longer response for West volunteer ambulance service. If it were some unchangeable reasons like traffic jam that cause the longer response time? I don’t think commercial ambulance will conquer this problem.

A. In the first place, the arguer ignores other factors that might account for the longer average response time as revealed bu the recent review.
B. In the second place, the arguer infairly reduces better patient care to shorter response time to accidents.
C. Finally, the arguer fails to support the claim that hiring a commercial ambulance service would automatically raise revenue for West Cambria.

te-hee

6.题库10
The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
“This past winter, 200 students from Waymarsh State College traveled to the state capitol building to protest against proposed cuts in funding for various state college programs. The other 12,000 Waymarsh students evidently weren’t so concerned about their education: they either stayed on campus or left for winter break. Since the group who did not protest is far more numerous, it is more representative of the state’s college students than are the protesters. Therefore the state legislature need not heed the appeals of the protesting students.”

地方性报纸的编者按：
过去的冬天里，200名学生从Waymarsh州立大学前往州府大楼(capitol building)抗议对各项州立大学项目基金进行削减的计划。另外12000名Waymarsh学生显然对他们的教育不太关心：他们或是留在学校里，或离开过寒假。由于不抗议的人群更大，他们比抗议人群更有资格代表州立大学学生。所以州立法会不必理会(heed)抗议者。

(孙远)
1）unfairly assumes that the one-tenth of the students who took part in the protest cannot represent the entire student body.
2) fails to prvide any evidence that the remaining students who did not participate in the protest are not concerned abou their education.

(excellent)
反驳“由于抗议的人数不多，所以不具有代表性”的论据：抗议的学生人数不多并不一定意味着他们就不能代表大多数同学的意愿，或许这200名参加抗议的学生就是从大多数的学生中挑选出来参加抗议的呢。

反驳“由于大多数的学生或是忙于学习或是回家度假，所以他们对抗议教育计划漠不关心”的论据，这两者之间不存在推论关系，忙于其他事并不意味着他们不关心此事，或许他们正以其它的方式（如发表文章、做演讲）进行舆论抗议。

GratuitiousAssumption--"because 12000 students didn't protest they didn't care about the funding cuts"  the students might have cared, but perhaps they thought that protesting would do no good, or they had other good reasons for not protesting.  Perhaps many of them wrote letters.
InsufficientSample--perhaps Waymarsh had the lowest level of turnout of all of the state colleges.  Looking at the numbers from one school is an insufficient sample to determine whether the state's college students in general are against the cuts.
**--if the funding cuts only affected a small number of students, then one would expect only a small number of students to be angry about the cuts.  If the funding amount was proportional to the number of students it affected then perhaps the legislature should heed the appeals of protesters.

te-hee

7.题库9
The following appeared in the opinion column of a financial magazine.
“On average, middle-aged consumers devote 39 percent of their retail expenditure to department store products and services, while for younger consumers the average is only 25 percent. Since the number of middle-aged people will increase dramatically within the next decade, department stores can expect retail sales to increase significantly during that period. Furthermore, to take advantage of the trend, these stores should begin to replace some of those products intended to attract the younger consumer with products intended to attract the middle-aged consumer.”

财经杂志的意见栏(opinion column)：
一般而言，中年消费者的零售消费额的39％用于(devote)专卖店的商品何服务。而在年轻一些的消费者中这一比例仅有25％。由于中年消费者的数量在下一10年中将大幅增长，专卖店可以预期他们的销售额会有大幅增长。进一步，为利用这一趋势，这些店应该开始将一些吸引年轻消费者的商品替换为吸引中年消费者的商品。

According to the argument above, the author recommends that the department stores should replace some of the products intended to attract the younger consumer with product intended to middle-age consumers, and the purpose is to attract the younger consumers whom will devote 39 percent of their retail expenditure to department store products and services when they are middle-aged.
This argument is unconvincing for the following logical fallacy.

A.Replace the products to attract the younger consumers will not increase the percentage of their retail expenditure to department store products and services when they are middle-aged. Because the percentage of retail expenditure to department store products and services that middle-age consumers devote is fixed, it will not change even the department stores attract the middle-age consumers since they were the young consumers.

B.The department stores should place their products in proportion to the percentage of  retail expenditure to department store products and services that the middle-age and the young consumers devote.

Gratuitious Assumption--"the total amount of money middle-aged consumers spend is similar to the total amount of money younger customers spend"  If it were the case that younger consumers spend much more money in total then it could be more important for stores to focus on their business.
Either Or Choice--the author assumes that stocking products to attract more middle-aged consumers and stocking products to attract younger consumers are mutually exclusive alternatives.  Perhaps it is possible to increase the store's appeal to older consumers without compromising its appeal to younger crowds.
Insufficient Sample--the author concludes that all middle aged people will behave as present-day middle aged people do, but perhaps the determination of where to shop is based upon the customer's generation rather than the customer's age.  If that were the case then when today's younger consumers become middle-aged consumers they will continue to shop in stores other than department stores.

A. Lacking any information concerning respectively the actual amount of retail ecpenditure of both the middle-aged consumer group and the younger consumers, we can hardly determine whether the increase in middle-aged consumers will certainly bring more sales to department stores.
B. Furthermore, the arguer fails to consider the fact that different department stores in different locations may have consumers of different age groups.
C. Finally, the arguer ignores the possible negative impact on sales brought about by the decrease in the number of young consumers as a resuly of the recommended invertory adjustment.

te-hee

8 题库110

The following appeared as part of a memorandum from the loan department of the Frostbite National Bank.
“We should not approve the business loan application of the local group that wants to open a franchise outlet for the Kool Kone chain of ice cream parlors. Frostbite is known for its cold winters, and cold weather can mean slow ice cream sales. For example, even though Frostbite is a town of 10,000 people, it has only one ice cream spot — the Frigid Cow. Despite the lack of competition, the Frigid Cow’s net revenues fell by 10 percent last winter.”

Frostbite国家银行的借贷部门的备忘录：
我们不应该批准那个希望开一家KK冰激凌连锁店的特许店(parlors)的本地团体的借贷请求。Frostbite以其寒冷的冬天而闻名，而冷天气意味着冰激凌的销售不利。比如，虽然Frostbite是个有10000人的镇子，它却只有一家冰激凌店Frigid Cow。尽管缺乏竞争，Frigid Cow的净收入去年冬天下降了10％。

1)False analogy：现有企业和新项目不能完全等同，存在的差异可能导致经营业绩不同；
2)Causal oversimplification：城市的寒冬并不能说明产品一定没有很好市场，要做深入的市场调研，研究消费者偏好，制定好的产品战略；
3)Hasty generalization：天气和现有企业两个证据不能充分得出不放贷的决定是明智的。

A. the arguer unfairly assumes that cold weather means slow ice cream sales.
B. In addition, the fact that Frostbite, a town of 10,000 people, has only one ice cream spot does not support the arguer’s conclusion that Frostbite cannot be an ideal location for the Kool Kone chain.
C.Finally, the arguer’s conclusion depends on the questionable assumption that since the Ffigid Cow’s net revenues fell by 10% last winter, the Kool Kone chain will not succeed, either.

banglixing

感谢！！

amerll22

many  thanks !1