xiaoxiangxixi

many  thanks!!!!

te-hee

9.题库2

The following appeared in a memorandum from the business department of the Apogee Company.
“When the Apogee Company had all its operations in one location, it was more profitable than it is today. Therefore, the Apogee Company should close down its field offices and conduct all its operations from a single location. Such centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and helping the company maintain better supervision of all employees.”

下面摘自APogee公司的商务部门的备忘录(memorandum)：
当Apogee将它所有的业务部门集中在一处时，它将有比现在更多的利润。因此，Apogee应该关闭它的驻外办公室并从单一场所管理它的所有部门。这样的话，集中会通过削减成本提高利润，并帮助公司更好地对所有员工进行监督。

ANS:
first— deterioration 的原因可能是工資過高或成本控制不當
Second—分公司有幾家如果有貢獻的是這些field offices
Final— over simplification

OverSimplification--May have been more profitable in the past because of different reasons (better leadership, better economy, etc)
Gratuitous Assumption --"Moving to a single office will allow  for better supervision of employees"  perhaps the employees are well supervised in the field offices.
Gratuitous Assumption --"company can do all of its business from one location"  perhaps closing field offices would make it impossible to get to the same number of customers

In the first place, the arguer unfairly assume that certralization was the only factor that led to Apogee’s past succedd.
In the second place, even if Apogee succeeded in the past by centralization, this strategy would not necessarily result in a similar success today.

te-hee

10.题库34

The following appeared as part of a plan proposed by an executive of the Easy Credit Company to the president.
“The Easy Credit Company would gain an advantage over competing credit card services if we were to donate a portion of the proceeds from the use of our cards to a well-known environmental organization in exchange for the use of its symbol or logo on our card. Since a recent poll shows that a large percentage of the public is concerned about environmental issues, this policy would attract new customers, increase use among existing customers, and enable us to charge interest rates that are higher than the lowest ones available.”

Easy信贷公司的一个经营主管向董事长提交的一份计划：
如果我们将信用卡所得的利润中的一部分捐给一个知名的环保组织换取在我们的信用卡上使用他们的标识的权利，Easy信贷公司将在信用卡服务的竞争中得到很大好处。由于最近的民调显示，很多人都关心环境问题，这一计划将吸引新顾客，提高现有顾客的使用量，并使我们得到比最低利润率要高的利润率。

Portion: (n)部分 ; poll: (n)民調
Ans: 1.use the symbol or logo of the environment organization will not sure to attract the new customers.  
2.the company will not sure to charge higher interest rates than before from the new customers.

A. The arguer fails to take into account other relevant factors－the interest rates charged for the use of the card, the acceptability of the card in other business, services provided by the issuing company, and the reliability of the issuing company, etc.－which are even more important than the environment concern when a consumer is making a choice among available credit cards.
B. The arguer unfairly assumes that the raised interest rates of the East Credit Company as a result of its donation to the environment organization will not exert negative effect on the card’s attractiveness to consumers.

te-hee

11.

The argument was about a paragraph from a restaurant business newsletter about small franchise restaurants.
A small restaurant owner, George, opened a pita restaurant in a college town Sallon. His restaurant has been quite successful for the last 2 years. So he decided to open another 3 restaurants in nearby cities and towns. He also plans to promote his 3 employees who have been trained under him to be the managers of the new restaurants. He expects his profits will trip after all restaurants are opened.

te-hee

12.题库38

The following appeared in the editorial section of a campus newspaper.
“Because occupancy rates for campus housing fell during the last academic year, so did housing revenues. To solve the problem, campus housing officials should reduce the number of available housing units, thereby increasing the occupancy rates. Also, to keep students from choosing to live off-campus, housing officials should lower the rents, thereby increasing demand.”
校园报纸的社论：
因为校园住宅的使用率在过去的学年中下降了，住宅收入也下降了。为了解决这个问题，校园住宅办公室应该减少可使用的住宅单元，从而增加使用率。同样的，为了不让学生选择住在校外，住宅办公室应该降低租金来扩大需求。

Ans：
Reducing the available units to increase occupancy rate is not quite well because the access houses still exists and need cost to repair. Besides, fewer houses may let students to think they could not apply for a space.
Furthermore, we can’t sure if the low occupancy rate resulted from access supply. If there are still other reasons, it is no use to reduce the housing units.
In the same perspective,it is no use to lower the rents if the reason students don’t want to live in-campus is not high rents.

A. First, the arguer unfairly assumes that bossing occupancy rates and lowering rents will ensure improved revenues.
B. Second, the arguer ignores other factors that might have caused low occupancy rates for campus housing.

te-hee

13.题库108


The following appeared as part of a business plan created by the management of the Take Heart Fitness Center.
“After opening the new swimming pool early last summer, Take Heart saw a 12 percent increase in the use of the center by members. Therefore, in order to increase the number of our members and thus our revenues, which depend on membership fees, we should continue to add new recreational facilities in subsequent years: for example, a multipurpose game room, a tennis court, and a miniature golf course. Being the only center in the area offering this range of activities would give us a competitive advantage in the health and recreation market.

Take Heart健身中心的管理者起草的商业计划：
去年夏天开了新的游泳池以后，TH发现会员对中心的使用率增加了12％。因此，为了增加我们的会员数量和决定于会员费的收入，我们应该在以后几年中继续增加新的娱乐设施：比如，一个多功能游戏室，一个网球场，一个迷你高尔夫球场。作为本地唯一一家提供各种活动的健身中心，我们将在健身和娱乐市场建立竞争优势。

A. In the first place, the arguer fails to establish a causal relationship between the 12 percent increase in the use of the Take Heart Fitness Center by its members and the opening of a new swimming pool last summer.
B. In the second place, the arguer unfairly assumes that simply by adding new recreational facilities Take Heart Fitnedd Center can attract more and more membership.

te-hee

14.题库106
The following appeared as part of a business plan by the Capital Idea Investment firm.
“Currently more and more books are becoming available in electronic form — either free of charge on the Internet or for a very low price per book on CD-ROM.* People who would not pay bookstore prices will now have access to whatever book they want from their home or work computers. Consequently, literary classics are likely to be read more widely than ever before: 72 percent of those responding to a recent online survey said they would read books in electronic form, and 81 percent said they believed that reading classic works was important. Given this newly developing market, we should invest in E-Classics, a new company that sells electronic versions of literary classics.”
*A CD-ROM is a small portable disc capable of storing relatively large amounts of data that can be read by a computer.

报纸的图书版的文章：
现在越来越多的书有了电子版，或者放在网上免费获得，或者在光盘上以很低的价格出售。因此文学经典可以得到比以前更广泛的阅读。不能以书店价格购买这些书的人现在可以用很少的钱或者不花钱来阅读他们。类似的，觉得去图书馆或者等待其他人还书不方便的人现在可以通过家里或者工作用的电脑得到他想要的任何名著。这和文学名著接触的增长将从根本上影响公众的阅读品味，塑造比以前更成熟更博学的读者。

A. The increase in access to classics cannot ensure improvement or change of the public taste in reading.
B. In addition, reading literary classics alone cannot create a far more sophisticated and learned reading audience.

te-hee

15.题库1
The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.
“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”

下面摘自一家冷冻食品处理商（processor）奥林匹克食品提交给股东的年报：随着时间流逝，由于机构了解了做好事情的方法进而提高了效率，处理的成本会降低。比如在彩色胶卷处理方面，3/5英寸照片的成本从1970年的5天50cent降至1984年的1天20cent。同样的规律适用于食品处理方面。由于奥林匹克食品即将庆祝它的25岁生日，我们可以指望我们长期的经验会使我们达到最小的成本和最大的利润。

ANS:
First -- experience 並非唯一決定獲利的因素
Second – film co.不能拿來和food co.(labor intensive)做比較且如創新也很重要
Conclusion—doubt annual report.

All things Equal-- The author assumes that film processing is like food processing.  Notice that food processing is really old and film is new, so innovations have already happened in food making it not like film.
Gratuitous Assumption--"once a company has 25 years of experience it will come up with new innovations"  in reality these things happen slowly and the if the author wants to convince us that innovations are coming up he should talk about the R&D the company is doing now.

A. First, the arguer fails to provide sufficient evidence to prove that the long experience of Olympic Foods will guarantee minimal costs and maximum profits.
B. Second, the argument is based on a fales analogy.

te-hee

16.题库44

The following is part of a business plan created by the management of the Megamart grocery store.
“Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our grocery store. Clearly, the customer’s main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop shopping. The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies and repair shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant and a garden shop, in subsequent years. Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores.”

Megamart杂货店的管理层的商务计划：
由于我们在杂货店内加了药剂部分，今年我们的总体销售额增加了20%。显然，顾客主要关注的是一次性购物的便利性。在今后两年内提高我们的利润的最佳方法是增加一个成衣部门和一个汽车配件和维修商店。我们同时也应该在最后的纪念中继续增加新的部门和服务，比如餐馆，园艺商店。成为本地唯一的提供如此广泛服务的商店将给我们带来超越其他商店的竞争优势。

1. Other reason that might have caused the increase
2. Stores specializing in one service might be able to offer things at a lower price, thus the megamart gained no advantage.

A. First of all, the argument suffers from the fallacy of “ after this, therefore because of this”
B. Granting that the increase in total sales was due to the addition of the pharmacy section, this fact alone is insufficient to support the claim that adding more departments will increase sales even further.

te-hee

17.题库16
The following appeared as part of an article in the education section of a Waymarsh City newspaper.
“Throughout the last two decades, those who earned graduate degrees found it very difficult to get jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level. Those with graduate degrees from Waymarsh University had an especially hard time finding such jobs. But better times are coming in the next decade for all academic job seekers, including those from Waymarsh. Demographic trends indicate that an increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next ten years; consequently, we can expect that the job market will improve dramatically for people seeking college-level teaching positions in their fields.”

Waymarsh城日报教育版的一篇文章：
过去的20年内，研究生毕业生发现找到在大学教授他们的学术专长的工作是很困难的。那些从Waymarsh获得研究生学位的要找到这类工作尤其困难。但在下个10年，寻找学术工作的人（包括那些Waymarsh大学的）的好日子要来了。人口统计趋势显示达到上大学年龄的人将在未来10年增加。我们可预期对那些在他们的领域寻找大学教学工作的人来说，工作市场将显著增大。

GratuiousAssumption--the author assumes that even though graduates of Waymarsh have an "especially hard time" finding jobs, they will be hired once the job market turns around.  it could be that when the market does turn waymarsh grads will still have a hard time finding jobs because of other factors making them less hireable

GratuiousAssumption--the author assumes that an increase in college students will necessitate an increase in professorships.  it could be the case that there are plenty of professors already to handle the increase of students going to college and the job market will not improve.

GratuiousAssumption-- the author assumes that an increase in the number of people who are "college-aged" will yield an increase in the number of college students, but it might be the case that a smaller percentage of those people will choose to go to college and therefore there may not be an increased number of total students enrolled

A. first of all, the arguer fails to explain all the relevant factors that account for graduates’ difficulty in finding jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level.
B. Second, the arguer unfairly assumes that an increase in the number of college-aged people over the next decade will necessarily resuly in an increase in the number of people who attend college during this period.
C. Moreover, the assumption that the increasing number of college-goers in the next decade will ensure academic jobs for Waymarsh grasuates is problematic.