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担心作文的XDJM看过来（转贴）
担心作文的XDJM看过来（转贴） By Willyao
本人是12月底靠的，不是很好，6**。今天收到正式的成绩单。作文竟然有6分，HOHO，以我的水平，4分都没有，都靠的摸版，我用的就是12月那个满分的大牛用的摸版，我考试中有一篇是写关于建筑反映社会态度的，我中文都写不出，何况英文，写的狗屁不通，竟然6分，大家都用吧，我打字也很慢，都用粘贴的，而且是不加改写的帖。题目最起码重复两遍。字数最多400，摸版就280个字了呵呵，大家不用担心了。好了谢谢那位大牛了。
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附上模板
ISSUE:
Recently there is a debate over whether …..Some people assert that.., while other people believe that…As a matter of fact, the issue of whether ….. is a complex and controversial one. Different people hold different views due to their distinct backgrounds. Therefore, there is not a universal answer to this question, and whether one choice takes precedence over the other may quite depend on the specific situation. The decision, nevertheless, is not an easy one to make. Actually, the final judgment should rely on a case-by-case analysis. As far as I am concerned, however, I agree that …. , and do not agree that….. My view can be greatly substantiated by the following discussions.
The first argument that can be presented to develop my position is that… A good example may be found in the case that… Under this circumstance, it is obvious that….
In addition, there is another reason for me to choose this statement. The reason is not far to seek…. To illustrate, let us consider that … Hence, another equally important aspect is that….
Admittedly, it may be true that …. in some conditions. However, this alone does not constitute a sufficient support to claim that ….,Actually, these cases are rare and therefore are too specific and too weak to strengthen the view that…When the advantages and disadvantages of x and y are carefully examined, the most striking conclusion is obvious that…
To sum up, due to the above mentioned reasons, which sometimes correlate with each other to generate an integrate whole and thus become more convincing than any single one of them, we may be comfortable to say that …., because….
ARGUMENT
In this argument, the author concludes that… To support his conclusion, the author points out that…. In addition, the author reasons that… Further more, he also assumes that … . At first glance, the author’s argument appears to be somehow appealing, while a close examination will reveal how groundless it is. We do not have to look very far to see the invalidity of this argument. This argument is problematic for the following reasons.
In the first place, this argument rests on a gratuitous assumption that …. The author unfairly assumes that…. However, the assumption is questionable because the author provides no evidence to support this argument. The arguer fails to take into account other facts that might contribute to the result that …….. It is likely that , ……………..; it is also likely that ………………………… Any of these scenarios, if true, would show that ………………….. (72)
Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility.
In the second place, the argument commits a logic fallacy of “after this and therefore because of this”. In no case can the mere fact that… be cited as evidence to support the assumption that there is a causal-effect relationship between A and B. Moreover, that just because B can be statistically correlated with A does not necessarily mean that A is the cause of B. In fact, the author has obviously neglected the possibility of other alternative facts such as…, or … may contribute to a certain extent to B. It may be only a coincidence that …… . Unless the author can rule out other factors relevant to …, this assumption in question can not be accepted.
In the third place, the evidence that the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is rarely sufficient to establish a general conclusion. Unless the arguer can show that A1 is representative of all A, the conclusion that B… is completely unwarranted. In fact, in face of such limited evidence, it is fallacious to draw any conclusion at all.
In the fourth place, the argument has also committed a false analogy fallacy. The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects, and the author assumes without justification that all things are equal, and that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. There is, however, no guarantee that this is the case. Nor does the author cite any evidence to support this assumption. Lacking this assumption, the conclusion that … is entirely unfounded. In fact, it is highly doubtful that the facts drawn from B are applicable to A. Differences between A and B clearly out weight the similarities, thus making the analogy highly less than valid. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to do....
In addition, the conclusion unjustifiably relies on the poll while the validity of the survey itself is doubtful. The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who, when, how and by whom the survey is conducted, neither does it mention what is the sample size, or how the samples are selected. Until these questions are answered the results are worthless as evidence to support that….
Besides, the author assumes that A and B are mutually exclusive alternatives. However, the author has never offered any reasons or evidences for imposing an either/or choice. Common sense and observation tells us that adjoining both A and B might produce better results.
To sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the author claims. To make the argument more convincing concerning…. , the arguer would have to provide more information that………………. The arguer should also demonstrate that……………….to make this argument logically acceptable. (51)
Since the author commits the above mentioned logical mistakes and fails to consider the whole situation comprehensively, his ideas should not be adopted. The conclusion would be strengthened if he….
In conclusion, the arguer fails to substantiate his claim that …. Because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer claims. To strengthen the argument, the arguer must convince us that…. In addition, the arguer could have to provide more precise information to support his claim.
It is entirely possible that management has become lax regarding any number of factors that can affect the bottom line such as inferior products, careless product pricing, inefficient production, poor employee expense monitoring, ineffective advertising, sloppy buying policies and other wasteful spending.
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建议大家参考修改成自己的模板后再使用。
2002年曾发生ETS发现几百名GRE考生使用相同的写作模板，于是扣下了这些考生的作文……结果可想而知
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附真实案例
关于中国等地11月GRE笔试成绩被HOLD的问题！
中国等地11月GRE笔试成绩一直被HOLD。直至昨天ETS的最新通知说：
这次参加GRE笔考的学生中，有900个人的作文里面发现相同的模版而且有很多人都引用了同一个关于Patterns of Culture by Ruth Benedict的例子，这些人的成绩会被hold等待20号的最终审查消息，其他5100个人的成绩已经被cleared并给他们的学校和个人发成绩了！
望大家GMAT作文中也能够慎重对待模板。
PS:原文
Officials of the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) Program are investigating the validity of scores for 900 test takers in China, Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong who took the paper-based General Test in November 2002. As a result, scores are being held for these individuals pending review. Scores for 5,100 other test takers from these countries have been cleared and are being reported to them and to schools.
The investigation centers on the Analytical Writing essays submitted during the paper-based GRE General Test administration in November 2002. Officials of the company believe as many as 900 of the essays may not reflect the actual work of those test takers.
Investigators have found the presence of paragraphs and sentences containing identical language or subject references. They have also discovered that the source of some of the material submitted is Patterns of Culture by Ruth Benedict. This indicates that persons other than the test takers may have provided prewritten essays in advance. This would mean that the essays are not valid indicators of test takers'' critical thinking and analytical writing ability.
The 900 essays are being further studied by a panel of test security and measurement experts who will determine which and how many will be scored or cancelled. The panel has been charged to review the essays promptly so that test takers can be notified.
ETS officials are extremely pleased with the integrity and honesty of the more than 5,100 other test takers from those countries who created their own work. They serve as an example to others who seek an advantage on the test through unfair practices.
Test takers who are found to have produced invalid work will have their scores cancelled and will forfeit their testing fee. If they wish to test again, they may do so at future administrations of the GRE General Test. An additional update will be provided on the GRE Web site at www.gre.org on January 20, 2003.
2003-1-26 08:02 PM
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案例下文：GRE Analytical Writing Scores Cancelled For 64 International Test Takers
发信站: 日月光华 (2003年01月18日11:44:32 星期六), 站内信件
GRE Analytical Writing Scores Cancelled For 64 International Test Takers
Officials of the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) Program have announced that 64 GRE General Test Analytical Writing scores have been cancelled for students from the November 23, 2002, paper test administration in China, Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong.
These 64 test takers are among the over 6,000 individuals who took the test on that date. The affected scores were cancelled because the essays do not contain sufficient original material to provide a valid indication of their analytical writing skills.
Investigators found the presence of paragraphs and sentences containing identical language or identical examples in a common essay structure. For many of these essays, published sources for the language and examples were discovered. Further invalidating the scores is the fact that these students did not provide their own ideas or examples to illustrate their critical thinking.
"We understand that test takers may draw upon similar ideas for these analytical essays," says John Yopp, vice president of ETS's Graduate and Professional Education division. "And while this is acceptable, test takers must realize the graduate education community in the United States values most highly the ability of students to develop their own perspectives in analytical essays. The graduate community also values students who can illustrate through their essays not just how thoroughly they memorize and recall citations, but how much original thinking they do to show how they differ from their fellow test takers."
"We are extremely pleased that some 6,000 test takers created their own essays. They serve as an example to all test takers and show that the vast majority students do their own original work. It reflects well on their hard work and dedication to learning," Yopp concluded.
Officials are in the process of releasing scores of students whose scores have been cleared and of notifying those whose scores have been cancelled. Several hundred additional essays have not yet been scored because of insufficient quality in the conversion of handwriting to digital images. This prevented the essays from being scored through the nation-wide network of readers.These essays are being reviewed and scores will be released as soon as they are available.
Students whose scores have been cancelled have forfeited their test fees and must pay to take the test again at an upcoming GRE General Test administration. No record of the score cancellations, or the reason for cancellation, will appear on their future score reports sent to colleges and universities |
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