gwd12-5

grossmun

Q4 to Q7:

      The term “episodic memory” was

        introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

        considered a uniquely human capacity－

Line  the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)  to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind－as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

 (10)
    memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

 (15)
    examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

 (20)
    scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

        jays to remember the type, location, and

        freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another. 
     Jays

 (25)
     prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

 (30)
     information about the what, the where,

and the when. 
    Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

        reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

Q5:

According to the passage, Clayton’s experiment depended on the fact that scrub jays

               

1. recall “when” and “where” information more distinctly than “what” information

2. are not able to retain information about a single past event for an indefinitely long period of time

3. choose peanuts over crickets when the crickets have been stored for a long period of time

4. choose crickets over peanuts whenever both are available

5. prefer peanuts that have been stored for a short period to crickets that have been stored for a short period

答案是c. 主要是定位在绿色部分。可是我觉得是D。这道题我是这么想的：题目问的是 clayton's experient 是依靠一个什么样的事实。我觉得这道题应该是个逻辑方面的assumption.而fact 的意思是truth，也就是说一个普遍意义上的事实。

如果选c,也就是说这种鸟choose peanuts over crickets,而从文中我们看出这种鸟天生是prefer crickets的，而只有在这个实验里，clayton's birds才选择了peanuts。c选项是试验的内容，而这个实验的依据是这种鸟本身喜欢crickets。也就是D所说。其实把D取非那试验就做不了了，所以更加确定答案应该是D.

大家的看法呢？快考了，不是怕错一道题两道题，而是怕自己的解题思路不对。而这道题我觉得我想得没错阿。

jjapollo

这道题的答案是没有问题的

因为 Clayton sought to examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

而答案D choose crickets over peanuts whenever both are available 并没有牵扯到时间这个概念.

这篇的重点是虽然小鸟喜欢吃蟋蟀但是储存时间一久, 小鸟才改为吃花生

choice D 中的 "whenever" 严重违反的文章的叙述和重心

grossmun

谢谢！我原来的理解真得有问题。这下明白了！

开若兰

请问这篇文章的第一句话

 

The term “episodic memory” was introduced by Tulving to refer to what he considered a uniquely human capacity—the ability to recollect specific past events, to travel back into the past in one’s own mind—as distinct from the capacity simply to use information acquired through past experiences.

中，

the ability ：recollect specific past events, to travel back into the past in one’s own mind

the capacity ：to use information acquired through past experiences

究竟有啥不一样的？我怎么就看不出来有什么 distinct (from) 的。