OG11的题，对于OG解释有些不明白，希望NN帮助解释一下

yoyo9012

112. In tests for pironoma, a serious disease, a false positive result indicates that people have pironoma when, in fact, they do not; a false negative result indicates that people do not have pironoma when, in fact, they do. To detect pironoma most accurately, physicians should use the laboratory test that has the lowest proportion of false positive results.
Which of the following, if true, gives the most support to the recommendation above?


(A) The accepted treatment for pironoma does not have damaging side effects.


(B) The laboratory test that has the lowest proportion of false positive results causes the same minor side effects as do the other laboratory tests used to detect pironoma.


(C) In treating pironoma patients, it is essential to begin treatment as early as possible, since even a week of delay can result in loss of life.


(D) The proportion of inconclusive test results is equal for all laboratory tests used to detect pironoma.


（E）All laboratory tests to detect pironoma have the same proportion of false negative results.

正确答案是E,OG的解释是：The given recommendation is to use the test that least often indicates a false positive. What therefore needs to be true about the accuracy of all the laboratory tests? If the proportion of false positives is the determining variable in the choice of the most accurate test, then the different tests for the disease must have the same proportion of false negative results. Thus, the test that leads to the lowest proportion of false positive results must have the fewest false results overall and must give the most accurate results of all the tests.
为什么出现the same proportion of false negative results时就能表明是the fewest false results?这个逻辑我没有想明白？NN们解释一下吧。。。这个问题会不会太白了。。。。



104 ·The cost of producing radios in Country Q is 10 percent less than the cost of producing radios in Country Y. Even after transportation fees and tariff charges are added, it is still cheaper for a company to import radios from Country Q to Country Y than to produce radios in Country Y.

The statements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions?
(A) Labor costs in Country Q are 10 percent below those in Country Y.
(B) Importing radios from Country Q to Country Y will eliminate 10 percent of the manufacturing jobs in Country Y.


(C) The tariff on a radio imported from Country Q to Country Y is less than 10 percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Y.


(D) The fee for transporting a radio from Country Q to Country Y is more than 10 percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Q.


E)   It takes 10 percent less time to manufacture a radio in Country Q than it does in Country Y.


Reasoning ：What conclusion can be drawn from this information? Because production costs are 10 percent higher in Country Y than in Country Q importing radios is less expensive only if the combined costs of tariffs and transportation are less than 10 percent of the manufacturing costs.


正确答案是C,OG的解释中划线的地方提到了税和运费，可是C选项只说了税，为什么还是正确的？

zengxiaotao

No.1
题目说 试验方法会受两种错误的影响 所以 最好的试验方法是 发生这两种错误的比例都小。现在 题目结论说  范其中一种错误的比例的高低 直接决定 这个试验方法 好不好 所以 只需要把范另外一种错误的对判定试验好坏的影响排除掉就可以了。 两个因素 都影响结果 所以 固定其中一个 那么单看 另外一个 就可以决定结果了。
No.2
support 不需要 完全的充分性 只需要说明 这个事实可以支撑 论点就可以了

我是这么理解的 楼下继续

kenlilys

與樓上意見一致!稍稍補充:
No.1
類似實驗組&對照組的關係,其中一項變因控制住,觀察另一項就可知結果

No2.
如LZ所說,題目提及兩項,但任何其中一項"必然一定"會小於總成本
(否則Q成本就超過Y囉~~)^^

yoyo9012

那个。。。。。你说的我都明白

可是还是有一点不太懂，选项E的意思是：实验室的所有试验都有相同的消极错误的比例

文章说最小的比例决定了这种方法的好坏，可是E选项的解释却是，相同的比例决定文章的好坏？这是为什么，我始终不太明白吖、、、、、

If the proportion of false positives is the determining variable in the choice of the most accurate test, then the different tests for the disease must have the same proportion of false negative results

始终没有读懂这句话的意思、、

这难道就能符合你说的，固定其中各一个因素吗？我没有明白你所指的因素分别是文章提到的哪些？

谢谢啦。。。。。

franker

 positive result
2. a false negative result

这两个因素 都要小 实验结果 才能好
选E 代入原文 就是说 在 a false negative result 比例一样的情况下 如果 a false positive result的比例 越小 那么实验结果 就会越好

yoyo9012

I GOT IT.

谢谢！~~