GMAT考试-语法总结（一）GWD错题集

Cassiopeia

GWD3-Q39:
Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride.
A.        Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,
B.        Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, they cost less,
C.        Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, in comparison with most sport utility vehicles, and have a lower cost, they
D.        Minivans, carrying as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,
E.        Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles the cost is lower, and they
A 句子前后表达两层意思：前面简单陈述，后面比较，所以要用and连接。
compared with most sport utility vehicles做后面成分的状语
D carrying as many as seven passengers把原文的主要成分变成了修饰成分。
  一个主语后面有两个状语
似乎GMAT不喜欢一个主语后面跟两个修饰成分或者主语前后各有一个从句

下载链接：http://forum.topway.org/viewthre ... &extra=page%3D1

Cassiopeia

GWD3-Q10:
Antarctica receives more solar radiation than does any other place on Earth, yet the temperatures are so cold and the ice cap is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise, the water levels of the oceans would rise 250 feet and engulf most of the world’s great cities.
A.        is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise,
B.        is so reflective that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; were it to do so,
C.        so reflective that little polar ice melts during the summer, or else
D.        reflective, so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer, or
E.        reflects so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; if it did

A：little有歧义。是“很少”而不是“小的”
前面是so cold，后面用so reflective，然后接that比较合理。
were it to do so还原：if it were to do so.
这里的do 是指代前面的哪个动词？？
应该是if the polar ice were to melt during the summer

Cassiopeia

GWD3-Q22:
On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold gold in the form of bullion or coins, immigrants found that on arrival in the United States they had to surrender all of the gold they had brought with them.
A.        On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold
B.        With a law passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold
C.        A law passed in 1933 that made it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen holding
D.        Because of a law passed in 1933 making it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold
E.        Due to a law being passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold
A US citizen，应该用单数。
Make it +adj+to do
Ing比that从句简洁
On account of：because of sth else, esp a problem or difficulty
B,with引导的独立主格结构，that从句被passed in 1933与a law分割开
C也有同样的问题，且前半个分句与后面的主句没有体现出逻辑关系。

Cassiopeia

GWD1-Q7:
A recent review of pay scales indicates that CEO’s now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times in 1980.

A.        that CEO’s now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times
B.        that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, a ratio that compares to 42 times
C.        that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
D.        CEO’s who now earn on average 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
E.        CEO’s now earning an average of 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, compared to the ratio of 42 times
此题的意思是陈述CEO现在的收入，earn是谓语，419 times the pay of blue-collar workers是宾语，the pay of blue-collar workers是类似于修饰成分的一个参照对象，而不是比较。as compared to前后表示比较，比较的真正对象是“现在的倍数”和“从前的倍数”
Compare应该是被动。被比较而不是自己比较。
有宾语要补出助动词，排除A
Compare是被动，排除B
比较对象不对等，排除D
句子结构不完整，排除E
As compared to是正确用法。但是as……as compared to 就不对了，会造成语义重复

Cassiopeia

GWD1-Q32:
To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.

A.        have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
B.        have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
C.        would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
D.        would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
E.        would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economical
应为economic而不是economical（GMAT常见混淆）
本题的would的用法：used when talking about a possible situation that you imagine or want to happen.
To develop表目的。Demographers可能为了达成目的这样做，也有可能不做，所以有不确定性。
To dot 不定式在GMAT中表示未来，既然是未来，就还没有发生，所以有不确定性，用would

Cassiopeia

GWD5-Q1:
        So dogged were Frances Perkins’ investigations of the garment industry, and her lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, Alfred E. Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt recruited Perkins to work within the government, rather than as a social worker.

•        and her lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent,
•        and lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, so that
•        her lobbying for wage and hour reform persistent, that
•        lobbying for wage and hour reform was so persistent,
•        so persistent her lobbying for wage and hour reform, that

So dogged were her investigations of the garment industry, so persistent her lobbying for wage and hour reform, that she was first recruited by Gov.

解释一下划线部分倒装后and 和系动词省略的问题：这里并没有省略。无论是不是倒装结构，这里都不能有and和系动词。因为划线部分必须是一个倒装的独立主格，否则就会造成一个病句。
这道题里面的句子太长，我用一个简单的句子说明：Her smile is so beautiful, and her voice is so nice, that I am totally lost.
注意这是一个病句， 因为so...that句型中，that前面是不能有逗号的。如果想让这个so that结构成立的话，划线部分必须改成独立主格。
Her smile is so beautiful（, her voice so nice,） that I am totally lost.
因为我们可以把独立主格连同其前后2个逗号一起拔掉分析句子，所以这个句子的so that 结构就是完整的。

Cassiopeia

Q18: GWD-4-4
        A new hair-growing drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, as the drug’s maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.

•        as
•        than
•        that
•        of what
•        at which
A new hair-growing drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, that the drug’s maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.
此处that是承接前面的price，解释price，is being sold是主句的谓语，price类似于修饰成分，此句是陈述而非比较。
我后来又琢磨了一下，highlight的部分补充为 for three times as high as the price that the drug's maker charges for 就更清楚了，that引导同位语从句修饰price
So, it is definitely C
That是最为简洁明确的表达
“that” correct: this sentence is not a comparative(three times is followed by a noun, so it is already complete as a comparative) so the second sentence is simply a relative clause. e.g  “she is three times as beautiful as the other girl” (this sentence is a comparative) “i bought this one for three times the price that i bought the other one ” (relative clause) “she has three times the beauty(noun) that the other girl has”

Cassiopeia

GWD6-Q41:
        The greatest road system built in the Americas prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles long and extending from northern Ecuador through Peru to Southern Chile.
•        Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles long and extending
•        Columbus was the Incan highway, over 2,500 miles in length, and extended
•        Columbus, the Incan highway, which was over 2,500 miles in length and extended
•        Columbus, the Incan highway, being over 2,500 miles in length, was extended
•        Columbus, the Incan highway was over 2,500 miles long, extending

B: extended与was平行，使主语指代发生错误
E：the Incan highway做前文的同位语，was是谓语动词，extending是伴随状语，形容Incan highway。Ing分词做修饰成分，具体解释over 2,500 miles long

Cassiopeia

GWD6-Q27:
        The results of two recent unrelated studies support the idea that dolphins may share certain cognitive abilities with humans and great apes; the studies indicate dolphins as capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often considered a sign of self-awareness—and to grasp spontaneously the mood or intention of humans.

•        dolphins as capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often considered a sign of self-awareness—and to grasp spontaneously
•        dolphins’ ability to recognize themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often considered as a sign of self-awareness—and of spontaneously grasping
•        dolphins to be capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often considered a sign of self-awareness—and to grasp spontaneously
•        that dolphins have the ability of recognizing themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often considered as a sign of self-awareness—and spontaneously grasping
•        that dolphins are capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors—an ability that is often considered a sign of self-awareness—and of spontaneously grasping

1  ability to do
capable of doing sth
2 平行结构中，介词of不可省
3 consider to do
  Consider that
没有consider as的搭配
E

Cassiopeia

GWD7-Q4:
        Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—less than those killed by bee stings.

•        movies—less than those
•        movies—fewer than have been
•        movies, which is less than those
•        movies, a number lower than the people
•        movies, fewer than the ones
1 表示人数多少用few, fewer
2 人只能和人比，不能和数比
3 时态对应：have been对应have been.
4 GMAT中指代一般不用one和ones,此处直接省略了指代
5 原文中killed做动词，选项中对应也应该是动词，而不是形容词。