5月28日GMAT考试-AWA-AI新题

myice

4 13. “Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to government.” 2次
提纲：
1，        个人往往是按照自己的利益办事即使有环保意愿但和个人利益冲突或要损失个人利益时候往往就会选择牺牲环境moreover个人往往是短视的，只关注眼前不注意长远。政府则相反
2，        环保常常规模很大，个人无力完成。
3，        诚然每个保护环境的措施都是要个人的参与的。但是这种参与是在政府的统筹下的。象作者那样的论断是草率的

myice

1，        The proponents of this assertion may argue that the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, therefore, it is reasonable to attribute to each person the responsibility for preserving it. a, 必须要承认的是，我们共同使用环境资源，the condition of the environment may have directly effect on each person。所以，人人都has the obligation to protect the environment from being polluted. b, 只有人人都积极地保护环境，
2，        However, to leave all the responsibility to individuals is hardly a wise decision. Despite of the argument above, we should still not lose the sight of the fact that individuals have strong propensity of self-interest and short-term consideration. 没有政府的监督，很少有人自愿作出牺牲以保护环境（voluntarily make sacrifice to protect the environment.）比如如果政府不forbidden smoking in public，smokers may enjoy their cigarettes whenever they want. Deforestation kill excessively
很多情况下，重大fatal的保护环境举措，没有政府的支持做不到。比如工厂dumping noxious water into the river/ deforestation/ kill excessively…以上那些行动，个人的力量根本不能阻止prohibit.
Optional words:
Preserve/ conserve/ maintain
Thesis sentence: While individual person can do a lot to protect our natural environment, the responsibility of preservation the overall environment lies in the hands of government with help form each individual in the society.
View1: Experience tells us that individuals tend to act on behalf of their own short-term economic and political interest, not on behalf of the environment or the public at large.
View2:the government has certain advantages in preserving the environment.
Evidence:
the government can place certain regulations on the wastes and pollutants towards environment emitted by industries.
Fines deprived from corporations and individual ones that disobey the environmental regulations can be used on many ways such as preserve the forests, planting trees, create conserved areas that will improve our current situations.

myice

5 33. “People are likely to accept as a leader only someone who has demonstrated an ability to perform the same tasks that he or she expects others to perform.”
提纲：
1.        人们不会尊重一个不能完成他要求别人完成的任务自己却不能完成的领导。这是人之常情，人们通常都只会欣赏和尊敬比自己优秀的人，而不喜欢被一个不能完成任务却命令自己去做的人心存敬意。例如克林顿总统当commander-in-chief 的时候，由于众所周知他曾经逃避兵役，很自然的下级军官和士兵都不是很尊重他。
2.        人们不信任一个自己完不成任务却要求别人去完成的人。仍然举克林顿总统的例子。由于他逃兵役被视为没有能力，下级都对他的决策心存怀疑，这也就潜在的导致了执行上的不尽心不尽力。
3.        诚然是否能完成自己交给别人的任务并不是衡量一个leader重要指标。可能领导能力、,组织能力、运筹能力更为重要，但是我们不能忽视人们心理上的看法，尽管它可能并不合理但它确实是存在的。
1.       
2.        诚然，如果在其领导的领域内几乎一窍不通，一个领导很难得到下属的信任和支持，会被看作layperson. 比如，人们无法想象一个不具备任何电脑知识的人，该如何领导一个庞大的IT企业，比如MICROSOFT在激烈的市场中竞争。
3.        但是，这是否意味着作为领导，必须要有能力完成每一项他要求下属做的事呢？这个问题，与领导和员工的真正作用有很大关系！首先，领导的职责是制定长期的发展方针，并且保证这个方针的贯彻执行，adhere to their strategic plans不被偏离。组织员工共同合作完成任务。on the other hand, 员工的作用是各司其职，更加具体的specific task.
4.        从以上两种职责不难看出，领导与员工起到significantly different functions，让领导完成每一个subordinate要做的工作，unfair的。比如，不能blame a CEO for lacking the skills of typing。要对下属做的事有很好的了解，但不一定都要做。否则，领导就失去了意义，成为了一个全能的工人。omnipotent worker with all kinds of skills.

View1: It is human nature to admire then follow someone who is more competent than themselves.
View2: But a feature of a good leader is to organize people with different specialities together and let them perform as a whole. It is too ideal to expect the leaders to have all the specialities of his subordinates.

myice

6  57. “Everywhere, it seems, there are clear and positive signs that people are becoming more respectful of one another’s differences.”
提纲：
我基本同意作者的观点
1.        一方面我们的立法越来越完善不断向着消除歧视和偏见的方向发展。这从强制的方面要求人们尊重和其他人的不同
2.        另一方面，随着技术的不断进步交流的不断深入人们对别的文化也有了更深的了解。而了解就会使得不同文化的人们提高对对方文化和行为的自发的非强制的尊重。
3.        诚然现在还有很多的种族的性别的等各个方面的歧视。但是我们很高兴地看到事情在向好的方面发展。

myice

1.        The increased globalization has provided more opportunities than ever before to contact and acknowledge cultures of other nations. 对于不同的宗教信仰和文化习俗，人们采取了更加宽容more tolerant attitude toward dissimilar culture, including religion and custom from other nations. 比方说：China had long closed itself to the outside of the world for many centuries before it opened the door in 1980’s. 在那段时间里，西方文明被简单地理解为怪异和粗鲁的considered to be strange or rude. 而现在，接触了更多后，中国也认识到了不同，并且充分地接受和借鉴even learn from他们。
2.        然而，在很多领域，尽管通过legislation，已经改变了一些to some extent，但严重的discrimination and prejudice still remain severe despite of the legislation…  比方说，racial, gender虽然立法规定了男女在工作一样的情况下得到一样工资，但是社会人为地perceived inequity still exist since 男和女被分为不同种类的工作。
3.        有成绩，但仍然需要努力。对不同的高度容忍体现文明的发展程度。sign of… 之类。所以要一起努力。

myice

Hearst Corporation
__celebrate differences among people and make active use of the varied perspectives that workers from different backgrounds bring to the job.

View1: our legislation and moral tend to eliminate bias and prejudice based on difference.
View2: better communication and broader cooperation teach people to respect deference

myice

7  29 Too many people think only about getting results. The key to success, however, is to focus on the specific task at hand and not to worry about results.   
提纲：
1.只想到结果的人而不注意手边的事情的人往往因为太迫切的期待结果而不屑于把手边看似琐碎的小事做好.事实上每一个目标的达成都是需要无数这样的事情集合在一起才可以达成的.
2.同样的只注意手边的事情也是不可取的.因为一直这样就缺少了高屋建瓴的技能往往会过分注意细节而忽略了从整体上的把握.每一件事情就都变成是在孤立的完成而不是在为一个核心pivotal的目标而服务这样会忽略了重点降低效率.
at hand anxious anxiety specific specialized certain  result outcome eventuality consequence sequence think it scorn to trivial petty accomplish accomplishment attainment keystone advisable可取的inadvisable to operate from a strategically advantageous position strategical strategy advantageous advantage disadvantage focus on the details solely ignore efficiency keystone endproduct proceed process precedent preceding merit admittedly daunting overwhleming
Admittedly, this advice has some merit, by focusing on the details at hand one is less likely to become discouraged by the daunting and overwhleming tasks ahead in an ambitous project.
without reference to virtually The central problem with this advice is that focusing attention completely on the task at hand without reference to how that task is related to the end product would be virtually impossible to do.
random diligent likelihood minimal

View1: without achievements of specific tasks there will be no base for final results.
View2: however, without a specific ideal destination, efforts will find no way to go.

myice

8 105. “The value of any nation should be measured more by its scientific and artistic achievements than by its business successes.”   2次

myice

9 9. “Employees should keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace.”
提纲：
1.Personal activities should not be brought to one's workplace since they can reduce one's efficiency. Thinking about one's private life can distract one from his or her work.
2.Talking about private life and doing personal activities can disturb other fellow workers.
3.It is inevitable for a person to think about his or her private life and to do some personal activities at the workplace. But an employee should do his or her best to focus on the work when at workplace.

myice

1.it is true that employees can hardly only work like a machine, that is to say, inevitably, they may carry some personal emotions while working. Sharing the personal interests and activities moderately may help build the positive relationship among colleagues.
2.However, it is not a wise choice to let the employees to bring all their private life and personal activities to the workplace. 仍然举上面的例子来说，a mother worried about her child cannot efficiently focus on her task even if the deadline is coming. a girl who breaks up with her boyfriend during the work time will probably talk to other fellows about the bad emotion, which may have a potentially negative influence on the productivity of the staff. so on…
allow personal life to impinge upon their job performance or intrude on coworkers.(sample)