关于because of 和 since的问题

jingjane

233.(GWD-12-Q32)


Prospecting for gold during the California gold rush was a relatively easy task, because of erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds thrust to the surface by volcanic activity put gold literally within reach for anybody with a pan or shovel.

A. because of erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds thrust to the surface by volcanic activity put gold literally within reach for

B. because of erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and volcanic activity that thrust ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds to the surface, and putting gold literally within reach of

C. owing to erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and volcanic activity that had thrust ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds to the surface, and putting gold literally within reach of

D. since erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and volcanic activity that thrust ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds to the surface, putting gold literally within reach for

E. since erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds thrust to the surface by volcanic activity put gold literally within reach of

小菜有3个问题需要请教：
1，我觉得BCD都和原句的意思不同，因为它把原来成为原因的那个三个排比打乱了，所以不对（ancient跑到后面去了），求确认


2，A&E不知道为什么E对，求指点~~


3，题外话：为什么好多题原句是because之后，其他选项里面的since就不选，since不是也有因为的意思么~~


小菜感激不尽~~~~~~~~~~~

chenlencu

这题蛮有意思的 如果是老外做的话BCE里面挑，因为是reach of而不是reach for，虽然我不觉得这是一个解题理由

A的错误是because of E,P, and G put god...是一句话，但是because of 所以错
B是and putting没有并列对象
C是一样愿意
D是因为putting..小分句中主谓是什么？
E的话就正确，since后面是完整一句话

reach for的话感觉是

howie0420

在加州淘金热时期，勘探黄金是一个相对容易的工作，因为腐蚀，史前运动，和远古的含金
床因为火山运动被推压至地面，简直就是将黄金搁置于，任何人，（只要）用淘金盘或铲子
就能挖到的状态下。


A、    错误在于 because of + 句子。
Because of 的正确用法是：because of + 名词 或者 because of + 名词组成的短语。
Because of 后面跟了一长串东东，必定wordy.

B、 and 表示并列 但是，前面没有和 putting gold literally…..or shovel… 并列的部分。

语法结构上平行，即，-ving……and –ving….
与 putting gold literally within reach for anybody with a pan or shovel.
平行的 只有：owing to erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and volcanic
activity that had thrust ancient, gold bearing riverbeds to the surface
但是，意思上不能平行。

将黄金搁置于，任何人，(只要)用淘金盘或铲子就能挖到的状态下。
and
归因于腐蚀，史前冰川运动，和将远古的含金河床因为被推压至地面的火山运动。

两者不能平行。


平行要注意两点：
1、 语法结构上 平行。就是，NOUN, NOUN, and NOUN.   VING, VING, and VING ..
2、 意思，逻辑上的平行。

According to the principle of parallelism, comparable sentence parts must
be structurally and logically similar.
曼哈顿 chapter 4 PARALLELISM P53

C、错误一、owing to 这种表达因果关系的用法，不正式。
  错误二、and 表示并列 但是，前面没有和 putting gold literally…..or shovel… 并列的部分。

D、Since 在这里是连词 意思上等于 inasmuch as= because，
since引导从句，所以，since 后面应该跟 完整的句子。
Since 引导的从句中缺少 一个谓语动词，所以不是句子。

since erosion, ……movement, and volcanic activity (that….., putting…..)
这里的结构是：Since + NOUN1,…..NOUN2, and NOUN 3
that… 和 putting 都修饰了 NOUN3

howie0420

1，我觉得BCD都和原句的意思不同，因为它把原来成为原因的那个三个排比打乱了，所以不对（ancient跑到后面去了），求确认
B、C、D
erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and volcanic activity

erosion, movement, activity 并列。

而A、E 是

erosion,  movement, riverbed并列。

这两种意思上有 轻微的 改变，但应该是允许的。语法上也没错，主要看其他的语法错误吧。

3，题外话：为什么好多题原句是because之后，其他选项里面的since就不选，since不是也有因为的意思么

字典上，since 也有因为的意思 = inasmuch as = because 没有错。

主要A 选项，because of 用错，because of 后面跟 名词短语。
这里because of 后面跟了句。

jingjane

1，我觉得BCD都和原句的意思不同，因为它把原来成为原因的那个三个排比打乱了，所以不对（ancient跑到后面去 ...
howie0420 发表于 2013-4-17 20:48

先谢了
我看了你的回答后发现，我好像看句子有问题，断句不太对，你先帮我看下我的理解对不~~~

Prospectingwas a work, since N1,N2, and N3(这里我只认为是ancient：古老，这一个词，而和后面没关系的)，gold-bearing riverbeds putgold.

我就是把主要的svo挑出来，把一些形容词、过去分词的修饰省略了。这就是我理解的意思。

写出这个还有个意思就是想说，我怎么感觉自己看的好乱，我有点不懂since到底是解释前面的那半句话，还是后面的半句话。。。。。好纠结~~~

howie0420

这里的 ancient 和 gold-bearing 都是修饰 riverbeds
“ancient” and “gold-bearing” both modify the riverbeds;
the comma is there to keep you from thinking the gold was ancient.

erosion,  movement, and  riverbeds     put       gold .....
    N1,            N2,       and       N3          VERB     OBJECT....

riverbedsthrust to the surface by volcanic activity
划线部分是修饰了riverbeds

since 是解释 前面的一句话~ Prospecting for gold during the California gold rush was a relatively easy task
解释 这个task 为什么 是“容易”的。

since 作为连词，引导从句，所以since 后面跟的是 一句完整的句子。没有修饰后面的句子~~后面没句子了。
since N1, N2 and N3 put gold within.....

说错了，riverbeds 才是 第三个名词。

jingjane

原来如此~~~LZ说的好详细，我一看就懂了~~谢啦~~

howie0420

as, because, since, for, and in that  的区别

as, because, since, for, and in that

All four of these words can be used to refer to the reason for something.  They are not used in the same way.

1.  as and since:

As  and  since  are used when the reason is already known to the listener/reader, or when it is not the most important part of the sentence.  As - and   since - clauses  often come at the beginning of sentences.  often come at the beginning of sentences.

As it's raining again, we'll have to stay at home.
Since he had not paid his bill, his electricity was cut off.

As - and since - clauses  are relatively formal; in an informal style, the same ideas are often expressed with  so.
It's raining again, so  we'll have to stay at home.

2.  because:

Because  puts more emphasis on the reason, and most often introduces new information which is not known to the listener/reader.
Because I was ill for six months, I lost my job.

When the reason is the most important part of the sentence, the because - clause  usually comes at the end.  It can also stand alone.  Since and as  cannot be used like this.
Why am I leaving?  I'm leaving because I'm fed up  !   (NOT..... I'm leaving  as/since I'm fed up!)
"Why are you laughing? "    "Because  you look so funny".

A because - clause  can be used at the end of a sentence to say how one knows something  can be used at the end of a sentence to say how one knows something.
You didn't tell me the truth, because I found the money in your room.  ( = .... I know because I found....)

3.  for

For introduces new information, but suggests that the reason is given as an afterthought.  A for - clause could almost be in brackets.  For - clauses never come at the beginning of sentences, and cannot stand alone never come at the beginning of sentences, and cannot stand alone.  For, used in this sense, is most common in a formal written style.
I decided to stop and have lunch - for I was feeling hungry.

4.   in that
used after a statement to begin to explain in what way it is true
I've been lucky in that I have never had to worry about money.

jingjane

非常感谢！