[转帖]北美一战裸奔归来，少量jj

binbin_story

终于考完了，660的成绩虽然不是很好，但是对于我要申请的学校和专业已经足够用了，也算是对我半年来在职复习的一个圆满回报。昨晚紧张的一夜无眠，今早5点起床，开车1小时来到离我们城市最近的一个Gmat考试中心，这是我来美国后第一次自己开车出远门，下了高速后有些迷路，还好车上有GPS, 顺利来到考场，考试过程中只遇到一道数学jj，感觉真正考试的数学比平时做的模考难一些，有几道题不会，就跳过去了，数学实战47，几次模考都是49。语文部分，遇到了一篇GWD阅读,其他几篇阅读都很难，不知所云， 逻辑比较简单，语法和平是差不多。考试时候做得很不顺手，担心自己考不过600分，成绩出来后一颗心放了下来。看考场的老奶奶说我考得很好，还建议我开个party庆祝一下，我心想这老奶奶要是在中国看考场估计就不会这么说了，她还说我比86%的人考得好，估计那14%的人都是中国人，呵呵！我们中国人又聪明又勤奋，而且还有jj, GWD，当然要比老美考得好，和我一起考试的几个老美垂头丧气的，老奶奶也没有祝贺他们，估计考得还没我高。

不记得什么jj了，就把那篇gwd阅读和逻辑贴上来吧！连选项都一样，真是帮大忙了。

In the past, every ten-percentage-point increase in cigarette prices in the country of Coponia has decreased per capita sales of cigarettes by four percent.  Coponia is about to raise taxes on cigarettes by 9 cents per pack.  The average price of cigarettes in Coponia is and has been for more than a year 90 cents per pack.  So the tax hike stands an excellent chance of reducing per capita sales of cigarettes by four percent.

 

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

 

1. Tobacco companies are unlikely to reduce their profit per pack of cigarettes to avoid an increase in the cost per pack to consumers in Coponia.
2. Previous increases in cigarette prices in Coponia have generally been due to increases in taxes on cigarettes.
3. Any decrease in per capita sales of cigarettes in Coponia will result mainly from an increase in the number of people who quit smoking entirely.
4. At present, the price of a pack of cigarettes in Coponia includes taxes that amount to less than ten percent of the total selling price.
5. The number of people in Coponia who smoke cigarettes has remained relatively constant for the past several years.

1.                  T-3-Q33-Q36 80年代美国经济增长变缓原因何在

(This passage is excerpted from material published in 1997)

Whereas United States eco-

nomic productivity grew at an annual

rate of 3 percent from 1945 to 1965,

Line                                         it has grown at an annual rate of

(5)                                            only about 1 percent since the early

1970’s. What might be preventing

higher productivity growth? Clearly,

the manufacturing sector of the

economy cannot be blamed. Since

(10)                                          1980, productivity improvements

in manufacturing have moved the

United States from a position of

acute decline in manufacturing

to one of world prominence.

(15)                                          Manufacturing, however, consti-

tutes a relatively small proportion

of the economy. In 1992, goods-

producing businesses employed

only 19.1 percent of American

(20)                                          workers, whereas service-producing

businesses employed 70 percent.

Although the service sector has

grown since the late 1970’s, its

productivity growth has declined.

(25)                                          Several explanations have been

Offered for this declined and for the

discrepancy in productivity growth

between the manufacturing and

service sectors. One is that tra-

(30)                                          ditional measures fail to reflect

service-sector productivity growth

because it has been concentrated

in improved quality of services.

Yet traditional measures of manu-

(35)                                          facturing productivity have shown

significant increases despite the

undermeasurement of quality,

whereas service productivity has

continued to stagnate. Others argue

(40)                                          that since the 1970’s, manufacturing

workers, faced with strong foreign

competition, have learned to work

more efficiently in order to keep their

jobs in the United States, but service

(45)                                          workers, who are typically under

less global competitive pressure,

have not. However, the pressure on

manufacturing workers in the United

States to work more efficiently has

(50)                                          generally been overstated, often

for political reasons. In fact, while

some manufacturing jobs have been

lost due to foreign competition, many

more have been lost simply because

(55)                                          of slow growth in demand for manu-

factured goods.

        Yet another explanation blames

the federal budget deficit: if it were

lower, interest rate would be lower

(55)                                          too, thereby increasing investment

in the development of new technol-

ogies, which would spur productivity

growth in the service sector. There

is, however, no dearth of techno-

(60)                                          logical resources, rather, managers

in the service sector fail to take

advantage of widely available skills

and machines. High productivity

growth levels attained by leading-

(65)                                          edge service companies indicate

that service sector managers

who wisely implement available

technology and choose skillful

workers can significantly improve

(70)                                          their companies’ productivity.

The culprits for service-sector

productivity stagnation are the

forces－such as corporate

takeovers and unnecessary

(75)                                          governmental regulation－that

distract managers from the task

of making optimal use of available

resources.

文章结构清晰，为了回答为什么经济衰退，找到服务业的原因，为什么服务业衰退，找到服务业管理者的原因，最后找到根源：the forces---corporate takeovers and unnecessary governmental regulation.

T-3-Q33

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the budget deficit explanation for the discrepancy mentioned in line 27?

1. Research shows that the federal budget deficit has traditionally caused service companies to invest less money in research and development of new technologies.
2. New technologies have been shown to play a significant role in companies that have been able to increase their service productivity.
3. In both service sector and manufacturing, productivity improvements are concentrated in gains in quality.
4. The service sector typically requires larger investments in new technology in order to maintain productivity growth than dose manufacturing
5. High interest rates tend to slow the growth of manufacturing productivity as much as they slow the growth of service-sector productivity in the United States.

 

T-3-Q34

The passage states which of the following about the effect of foreign competition on the American manufacturing sector since the 1970’s?

1. It has often been exaggerated.

2. It has not been a direct cause of job loss.
3. It has in large part been responsible for the subsequent slowing of productivity growth.
4. It has slowed growth in the demand for manufactured goods in the United States.
5. It has been responsible for the majority of American jobs lost in manufacturing.

However, the pressure on manufacturing workers in the United States to work more efficiently has generally been overstated,

 

 

T-3-Q35

It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following was true of the United States manufacturing sector in the years immediately prior to 1980?

1. It was performing relatively poorly.

2. It was in a position of world prominence.
3. It was increasing its productivity at an annual rate of 3 percent.
4. It was increasing its productivity at an annual rate of 1 percent.
5. Its level of productivity was higher than afterward.

Since 1980, productivity improvements in manufacturing have moved the United States from a position of acute decline in manufacturing to one of world prominence.

 

 

T-3-Q36

The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about productivity improvements in United States service companies?

1. Such improvements would be largely attributable to efficiencies resulting from corporate takeovers.
2. Such improvements would depend more on wise implementation of technology than on managers’ choice of skilled workers.
3. Such improvements would be more easily accomplished if there were fewer governmental regulations of the service sector.

4. Such improvements would require companies to invest heavily in the development of new technologies.
5. Such improvements would be attributable primarily to companies’ facing global competitive pressure.

The culprits for service-sector productivity stagnation are the forces－such as corporate takeovers and unnecessary governmental regulation－that distract managers from the task of making optimal use of available resources.文章最后一句话。