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6月17日GMAT考试-语法新题(42-50)

2010.06.03 新增心得栏:将部分之前充当题目的心得转移到最后的心得栏内,部分题号改变,请大家谅解。
2010.06.13 新增43-45 更新1, 18, 22, 36, 42
2010.06.14 新增46-47 更新3
2010.06.15 新增48-49 更新2, 3, 9, 16
2010.06.16 新增50 更新8
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1.        …stuted (也许是stated) as an innovative material to use in dam construction, not mention other things, the concrete was used…
提供者myclover 730备注:只记得上述这个正确答案,并且简化过了,做题时注意concrete (水泥)是主语,前后使用有关联的动词要考虑到水泥是否做这个动作,小心为上。
提供者augboy 770备注:我是选了B还是C,记得里面是 … concrete was used …
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2.        He was injured when he was struck while he was riding the bicycle.
A.        when he was struck while he was riding the bicycle
B.        while he was riding the bicycle when he was struck
提供者iceberg07备注:这个考得是when和while的用法,我选了只有一个when的选项。
提供者hikarugaara备注:就是将一个人was injured while he was riding a bicycle when he was struck?  抱歉单词忘记了,反正五个选项都是把while和when的位置对换。我觉得这题是考逻辑的吧。还有一题我记得考了credit 的介词搭配,可是我不记得了!于是我选了with。
提供者flyincat 720备注:考了个was injured when he was struck while he was riding the bicycle(狗里有)
→参考观点:此题不是考While的省略了,经过后人补充发现是考when & while的用法(可能还有语序)。我觉得逻辑顺序是这样的:骑车→撞墙→受伤,因此偏向A,欢迎讨论!
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3.        提供者mikiluang备注:语法考了很多比较/倍数题型,as和than 的考题很多。
提供者handstar备注:考到了运用as many as those farmers, double the number of such farmers的组合。
提供者flyincat 720备注:还有twice that number of such farmers 和twice such farmers, 我选的前者
提供者酒精灯 750备注:…, twice those … / …, twice as many as those… 二选一,出于习惯我选长的那个。
提供者demonj 760备注:还有很多比较。(勉强把这个也当作狗~)
提供者sendoh_314 730备注:还考了unlike对比的,基本就这么多。
→参考观点:上述考点均不清楚,请参照下面补充复习。
Prep Notes补充:
        GMAT考试中经常出现将相等比较as...as和more...than...形式比较合并在一起写的错误或者故意复杂化的表示方法;正确表达应该是:at least as great as或者as great as or greater than,或者直接用greater than。
        as的用法: as后面加上名词,表示作为…的意思; as加句子,表示两个动作之间的相似性,例: He was known to all as a famous writer. He runs fast as a leopard does.
        对于比较结构中是否有必要补充助动词, 应以是否会产生歧义为标准. 如果不会产生歧义, 则可以不补出助动词, 如果会产生歧义, 一定要补出助动词.

        比较-主语比较
对"主谓宾"全的句型主语比较:A do something than B do.(AB为对等名词,加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词,因而确定是主语,进而确定是主语对比)。时态要据后定。There be  句型等同于一般的"主谓宾"俱全的句型。
主语若相同,可省,但助动词不能省。如:As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate, [fewer people] will enter the labour force [in the1980s] than (few people省略) did [in the 1960s and 1970s], a twenty-year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.
对只有主谓(如果主语有定语成分,必须要that/those来指代),没有宾语的句子,因为没有宾语,只可能有主语比较,因而不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语,所以其比较形式如下:
I eat faster than you. 注意与下句区别: I eat apple faster than you do. 如果写成I eat apple faster than you. 按GMAC的理解,从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃你快,成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。
主系表结构的比较与主谓结构相同。如果时态不一致,则需补出助词,如: The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago
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        以“地球比月球大六倍”这个句子为例,下面简单讲一下表示倍数比较"times larger than/as large as"的句型结构。
[1] 倍数的表示一般情况下为:数字+times,如六倍即为:6 times。比较特殊的是两倍,为twice。
[2] 要表示地球比月球大六倍,我们一般可以有下面三种最基本的表示方法:
a)主谓+倍数+as        形容词原形 as+宾语:The earth is six times as large as the moon.  
b)主谓+倍数+形容词比较级 than+宾语:The earth is 6 times larger than the moon.
c)主谓+倍数+形容词对应的表示量的名词 of+宾语:The earth is 6 times the size of the moon.  
其中,形容词与其对应的表示量的名词,包括large/big – size, long – length, wide – width等等.
[3] 与上面三种写法相对应,如果我们要表示,地球的大小比月球的六倍还大,只要在句子中加入more than即可,则可以写为:
a) The earth is more than 6 times as large as the moon.
b) The earth is more than 6 times larger than the moon.
c) The earth is more than 6 times the size of the moon.
[4] 另外有一系列表示倍数的词:double, triple, quadruple等,这类词本身可以做形容词,表示倍数。
如:The city was enclosed by walls of double thickness.        有如本题:The earnings in this quarter are (more than) double the earnings in the previous quarter. 同时,这类词也可以作为动词。以double为例,常见的基本句型包括:
a) double in size/number/value etc
Within two years the company had doubled in size.
The church has doubled its membership in the last five years.
b) double the size/number/amount etc (of something)
A promise was given to double the number of police on duty.
[5] 第三类表示倍数的形容词为:twofold, threefold, fourfold, tenfold等。以twofold为例,其意思为 two times as much or as many of something。该类词为形容词,多用于构成形容词+名词的词组,如:a threefold increase in revenue,少用比较两个事物之间的倍数关系。
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8.        提供者TracyWei 690备注:大家关注一下破折号的用法吧,有个题目选项里面有:—and,而且前后是并列的关系,不是解释说明,让我想了这老半天…
提供者penny890504备注:破折号的用法,我十分纠结的一道。我碰见的是好像是:“—”+“定语从句”+“,”(这个结构对吗,我貌似选的这个)和“—”+“定语从句”+“—”这个应该错。其他选项不太记得了。
感谢siqi_angela在本帖75楼的破折号课外资料!(由于量非常大,为节省大家的打印费,我不贴了,大家想要的话可以去看)
→参考观点:对照下方的知识点,并且注意楼主提供的信息;考试时则请更谨慎地对待破折号问题。
Prep Notes补充:前后两个破折号同时出现,表示破折号内的部分为插入成分(名词,而非句子,除非内含从句,否则不能有主谓宾结构),是对意思的进一步说明,不会对句子大结构产生影响。在考场解题过程中,看到有两个破折号成对出现的情况,可以直接跳过破折号内的内容,不会影响解题。
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9.        Unlike Joint Ventures, Strategic Alliances do not create a new business.
A.        Strategic Alliances do not create a new business.
B.        no business will be created by Strategic Alliances.
提供者vincent007备注:两种东西,单词都不认识。总之是Unlike A, B … 的句型。
提供者winnielxx备注:考了unlike the fruit...... the animal的一题,比较简单
提供者seapetal 750备注:unlike的用法,有一个选项把unlike放到句子中间,也很容易排除掉。
→参考观点:Unlike A, B … 句型中,A&B要形式一致功能相同。(黄色部分为方便各位思考而后来添的可能单词之一,做题目的时候请不要记这些。Joint Ventures & Strategic Alliances想必各位商科同学都应该耳熟能详了吧?)。另外,上面的黄字上看两人遇到的题目不尽相同,但是考点一致,大家可以一起复习。
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16.        提供者penny890504备注:只记得要选有"to explain the inhibition of"的选项。无法利用语法,需要根据句意。
→参考观点:如果答案确认,则属于[固定搭配]x1。
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18.        Since her own experience, she decided not to buy the skirt with 20% off.
A.        Since her own experience
B.        In light of her own experience
C.        By virtue of her own experience
提供者xinxinokkk备注:A和其他选项都能排除,BC这两个考词组。
提供者wmf 700备注: In light of 那题,选这个(B)。
来自chenhudaxue的讨论观点:经过本人仔细查证之后,全力支持下面的解释和B选项!
→参考观点:楼主暂时还没有给出正确答案B/C,不过搜索了一下by virtue of = due to = 由于,后面可以直接接一个名词。而in light of = according to = 根据。所以偏向B,请有识之士确认一下然后跟帖说明谢谢。(黄色部分为方便各位思考而后来添的,看的时候请不要记这些)
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22.        … explain that … and that …
提供者SherryBNU 730备注:平行并列

… because …… and because ……
提供者wmf 700备注:平行结构,具体的忘了,就是最后会发现有个选项是这种平行结构
→参考观点:高分也有平行并列的话,大家尽管放心去考吧。当然也不排除不算分题目的可能性。
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