大豆

大全-12-12.        After graduating from high school, people rarely multiply fractions or discuss ancient Rome, but they are confronted daily with decisions relating to home economics. Yet whereas mathematics and history are required courses in the high school curriculum, home economics is only an elective, and few students choose to take it.
推理1：mathematics and history are requiredstudents choose to take it.
推理2：economics is only electivefew students choose it.
Which of the following positions would be best supported by the considerations above?
(A) If mathematics and history were not required courses, few students would choose to take them.
A是原文推理1的逆命题，所以不对。
(B) Whereas home economics would be the most useful subject for people facing the decisions they must make in daily life, often mathematics and history can also help them face these decisions.
(C) If it is important to teach high school students subjects [that relate to decisions that will confront them in their daily lives], then home economics should be made an important part of the high school curriculum.
如果学校重视教育学生与日常生活有关的科目，那么HE课程就会被列为重要课程了。
即：important to teach economics(students choose it)economics should be made important(not elective)
C是原文推理2的逆否命题。
(D) Mathematics, history, and other courses that are not directly relevant to a person’s daily life should not be a required part of the high school curriculum.
(E) Unless high schools put more emphasis on nonacademic subjects like home economics, people graduating from high school will never feel comfortable about making the decisions that will confront them in their daily lives.

大豆

大全-11-2.        Since applied scientific research is required for technological advancement, many have rightly urged an increased emphasis in universities on applied research. But we must not give too little attention to basic research, even though it may have no foreseeable application, for tomorrow’s applied research will depend on the basic research of today.
If the statements above are true, which of the following can be most reliably inferred?
(A) If future technological advancement is desired, basic research should receive greater emphasis than applied research.
(B) If basic research is valued in universities, applied research should be given less emphasis than it currently has.
(C) If future technological advancement is desired, research should be limited to that with some foreseeable application.
(D) If too little attention is given to basic research today, future technological advancement will be jeopardized.
(E) If technological advancement is given insufficient emphasis, basic research will also receive too little attention.

大豆

大全-3-7.        People tend to estimate the likelihood of an event’s occurrence according to its salience; that is, according to how strongly and how often it comes to their attention.
By placement and headlines, newspapers emphasize stories about local crime over stories about crime elsewhere and about many other major events.
It can be concluded on the basis of the statements above that, if they are true, which of the following is most probably also true?
(A) The language used in newspaper headlines about local crime is inflammatory and fails to respect the rights of suspects.
(B) The coverage of international events in newspapers is neglected in favor of the coverage of local events.
(C) Readers of local news in newspapers tend to overestimate the amount of crime in their own localities relative to the amount of crime in other places.
(D) None of the events concerning other people that are reported in newspapers is so salient in people’s minds as their own personal experiences.
(E) The press is the news medium that focuses people’s attention most strongly on local crimes.

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大全-3-8.        By analyzing the garbage of a large number of average-sized households, a group of modern urban anthropologists has found that a household discards less food the more standardized—made up of canned and prepackaged foods—its diet is. The more standardized a household’s diet is, however, the greater the quantities of fresh produce the household throws away.
Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?
(A) An increasing number of households rely on a highly standardized diet.
(B) The less standardized a household’s diet is, the more nonfood waste the household discards.
(C) The less standardized a household’s diet is, the smaller is the proportion of fresh produce in the household’s food waste.
(D) The less standardized a household’s diet is, the more canned and prepackaged foods the household discards as waste.
(E) The more fresh produce a household buys, the more fresh produce it throws away.
1。关键是对the more...the more/less的理解，它的英文意思为: used to show that two things change together. 两者并没逻辑关系（即谁推出谁），只有相互变化关系：一个变，另一个跟着变。
2。原文变化关系：less food discarded, more standardized.（相当于less standardized,more food discarded,两者变化方向相反） more standardized, more quantities of fresh produce（相当于less standardized, less quantities of fresh produce两者变化方向相同）.
3.C.的推理：the less standardized, the more food discarded, the less quantities of fresh produce. 当然the proportion of the fresh produce in food 便 more smaller。

大豆

大全-2-1.        After the national speed limit of 55 miles per hour was imposed in 1974, the number of deaths per mile driven on a highway fell abruptly as a result. Since then, however, the average speed of vehicles on highways has risen, but the number of deaths per mile driven on a highway has continued to fall.
Which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn from the statements above?
(A) The speed limit alone is probably not responsible for the continued reduction in highway deaths in the years after 1974.
(B) People have been driving less since 1974.
(C) Driver-education courses have been more effective since 1974 in teaching drivers to drive safely.
(D) In recent years highway patrols have been less effective in catching drivers who speed.
(E) The change in the speed limit cannot be responsible for the abrupt decline in highway deaths in 1974.

大豆

大全-2-3.        Sales taxes tend to be regressive(of taxes, having less effect on the rich than on the poor递减的，对富人的影响比对穷人的小), affecting poor people more severely than wealthy people. When all purchases of consumer goods are taxed at a fixed percentage of the purchase price, poor people pay a larger proportion of their income in sales taxes than wealthy people do.
It can be correctly inferred on the basis of the statements above that which of the following is true?
(A) Poor people constitute a larger proportion of the taxpaying population than wealthy people do.
(B) Poor people spend a larger proportion of their income on purchases of consumer goods than wealthy people do.
(C) Wealthy people pay, on average, a larger amount of sales taxes than poor people do.
(D) The total amount spent by all poor people on purchases of consumer goods exceeds the total amount spent by all wealthy people on consumer goods.
(E) The average purchase price of consumer goods bought by wealthy people is higher than that of consumer goods bought by poor people.

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大全-2-5.        The city’s public transportation system should be removed from the jurisdiction(管辖) of the municipal government, which finds it politically impossible either to raise fares or to institute cost-saving reductions in service. If public transportation were handled by a private firm, profits would be vigorously pursued, thereby eliminating the necessity for covering operating costs with government funds.
The statements above best support the conclusion that
(A) the private firms that would handle public transportation would have experience in the transportation industry
(B) political considerations would not prevent private firms from ensuring that revenues cover operating costs
(C) private firms would receive government funding if it were needed to cover operating costs
(D) the public would approve the cost-cutting actions taken by the private firm
(E) the municipal government would not be resigned to accumulating merely enough income to cover costs

大豆

大全-1-7.        Stronger patent laws (a)are needed to protect inventions from being pirated. With that protection(b), manufacturers would be encouraged to invest(c) in the development of new products and technologies. Such investment frequently results in an increase in a manufacturer’s productivity(d). abcd, E:ad
Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information above?
(A) Stronger patent laws tend to benefit financial institutions as well as manufacturers.
(B) Increased productivity in manufacturing is likely to be accompanied by the creation of more manufacturing jobs.
(C) Manufacturers will decrease investment in the development of new products and technologies unless there are stronger patent laws.
(D) The weakness of current patent laws has been a cause of economic recession.
(E) Stronger patent laws would stimulate improvements in productivity for many manufacturers.
Questions 10-11 are based on the following.
Partly because of bad weather, but also partly because some major pepper growers have switched to high-priced cocoa, world production of pepper has been running well below worldwide sales for three years. Pepper is consequently in relatively short supply. The price of pepper has soared in response: it now equals that of cocoa.

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大全-1-10.        Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(A) Pepper is a profitable crop only if it is grown on a lar        ge scale.
(B) World consumption of pepper has been unusually high for three years.
(C) World production of pepper will return to previous levels once normal weather returns.
(D) Surplus stocks of pepper have been reduced in the past three years.
(E) The profits that the growers of pepper have made in the past three years have been unprecedented.原文并没有谈到利润。
unprecedented：if you describe sth as unprecedented, you are emphasizing that it is very great in quality, amount or scale

大豆

大全-1-11.        Some observers have concluded that the rise in the price of pepper means that the switch by some growers from pepper to cocoa left those growers no better off than(almost or just as bad as几乎一样坏) if none of them had switched; this conclusion, however, is unwarranted because it can be inferred to be likely that
有些observers得出结论：胡椒价格上涨意味着那些改种可可的人还不如不改种。（不改种多好，现在价格上涨了，可以多赚了）。这个结论是不可靠的，因为：如果那些人没有改种可可，胡椒的价格是不会上涨的。
(A) those growers could not have foreseen how high the price of pepper would go
(B) the initial cost involved in switching from pepper to cocoa is substantial
(C) supplies of pepper would not be as low as they are if those growers had not switched crops
pepper price低的时候, 就有人不种pepper, 种的人少了, price自然上升, 但如果当初这些人不switch的话, price可能还是很低. 所以observer的说法不对.
(D) cocoa crops are as susceptible to being reduced by bad weather as are pepper crops
(E) as more growers turn to growing cocoa, cocoa supplies will increase and the price of cocoa will fall precipitously(suddenly,急剧地) 原文讨论的是pepper的价格，而不是cocoa的。