GMAT考试-语法改错总结

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基本方法 : 每题5个选项，相对正确，排除法，挑错
宏观策略 :

1. 每题的错误类型都在划线部分的前三和后三个单词，先读原文，竖着看选项前3跟后3个单词，找出选项差别，从选项差异看错误类型。一但发现选项错误，立即在其他选项找同样的错误。

1－228－9 The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq.

A. that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but

B. that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously with but also

C. having been cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously but

D. cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence of centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arising simultaneously but also

E. cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but

2. 如果划线部分内部，划线部分紧跟前和后如出现并列关系的词（and...）必然考平行对称结构。

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（5）代词不能指代一句话，只能指代特定的主体
38－313－97 More than five thousand years ago, Chinese scholars accurately described the flow of blood as a continuous circle controlled by the heart, but it went unnoticed in the West.
(A) but it went
(B) but it was
(C) although it was
(D) but the discovery went
(E) although the discovery was

39－315－105 Under Napoleon the French were not able to organize an adequate supply system, and it was a major cause of the failure of their invasion of Russia.

(A) Under Napoleon the French were not able to organize an adequate supply system, and it

(B) The French being unable to organize an adequate supply system under Napoleon

(C) For the French under Napoleon, to be unable to organize an adequate supply system

(D) The inability of the French under Napoleon to organize an adequate supply system

(E) The French inability under Napoleon of organizing an adequate supply system.

  （6）虽然代词不能指代一句话，但有例外：it作形式主语或形式宾语时，it可指代to do不定式或that引导的从句。用还原法
40－291－10 It is as difficult to prevent crimes against property as those that are against a person.

(A) those that are against a

(B) those against a

(C) it is against a

(D) preventing those against a

(E) it is to prevent those against a
41－294－21 During the 1980s it became clear that soliciting private funds was far more efficient for environmentalists who sought financial aid than to go to stateorfederal agencies.
(A) that soliciting private funds was far more efficient for environmentalists who sought financial aid
(B) that for environmentalists who sought financial aid， it was far more efficient to solicit private funds
(C) that for environmentalists seeking financial aid， private organizations were far more efficient to go to
(D) for environmentalists seeking financial aid， going to private organizations was far more efficient
(E) for environmentalists who sought financial aid， private organizations were far more efficient
42－319－123 The lack of complete historical records from the mid-to-late 1800's have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators.
(A) have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators
(B) have made for difficulties in tracing some inventions by Blacks to their originators
(C) have made it difficult to trace some inventions by Blacks to their originators
(D) has made it difficult to trace some inventions to their Black originators
(E) has made it difficult in tracing some Black inventions to their originators

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（2）人和物的指代错误
           人： he, she, who, whom
           物： it, that, which
           人and物：whose
34－278－146 Presenters at the seminar, one who is blind, will demonstrate adaptive equipment that allows visually impaired people to use computers.

(A)            one who

(B)           one of them who

(C)           and one of them who

(D)           one of whom

(E)           one of which

  （3）同一句话中代词和不定代词（one, once）不能同时出现
35－261－83 Any medical test will sometimes fail to detect a condition when it is present and indicate that there is one when it is not.      
(A) a condition when it is present and indicate that there is one
(B) when a condition is present and indicate that there is one     
(C) a condition when it is present and indicate that it is present     
(D) when a condition is present and indicate its presence     
(E) the presence of a condition when it is there and indicate its presence

  （4）同一句话中相同代词必须指代相同的事物  （they, them, their算相同代词）
36－243－12 Formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.
　　(A) Formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.
　　(B) Because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses.

　　(C) Because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, new small businesses are not subject to the same applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity as established big businesses.
　　(D) Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to them in the same way as to established big businesses.
　　(E) New small businesses are not subject to the applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity in the same way as established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.

37－297－36 The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than they are in national elections because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse.
  (A) The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than they are in national elections because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse.
  (B) Because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse, the rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than the rules are less stringent in local elections than the rules are in national elections.
  (C) The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than national elections because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse.
  (D) Because local elections typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse than national elections, the rules that govern local political contributions are less stringent than national contributions.
  (E) The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than they are in national elections because local elections typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse.

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3.        代词指代  
  （1）单复数n的指代问题
32－305－64 In England the well-dressed gentleman of the eighteenth century protected their clothing while having their wig powdered by poking their head through a device that resembled the stocks.
  (A) gentleman of the eighteenth century protected their clothing while having their wig powdered by poking their head
  (B) gentleman of the eighteenth century protected his clothing while having his wig powdered by poking his head
  (C) gentleman of the eighteenth century protected their clothing while having their wigs powdered by poking their heads
  (D) gentlemen of the eighteenth century protected his clothing while having his wig powdered by poking his head
   (E) gentlemen of the eighteenth century protected their clothing while having his wig powdered by poking his head

33－76－6 Analyzing campaign expenditures, the media has had as a focus the high costs and low ethics of campaign finance, but they have generally overlooked the cost of actually administering elections, which includes facilities, transport, printing, staffing, and technology.

A.    Analyzing campaign expenditures, the media has had as a focus
B.    Analyses of campaign expenditures by the media has been focus on
C.    In analyzing campaign expenditures, the media have focused on
D.    Media analyses of campaign expenditures have had as a focus
E.    In their analysis of campaign expenditures, the media has been focusing on

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（4）n性从句和分词短语（现在分词可做主语）作主语，谓语用单数
29－282－163 The period when the great painted caves at Lascaux and Altamira were occupied by Upper Paleolithic people has been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are the reason for their decoration, the use to which primitive people put the caves, and the meaning of the magnificently depicted animals.
(A) has been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are
(B) has been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much more difficult to determine is
(C) have been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much more difficult to determine is
(D) have been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are
(E) are established by carbon-14 dating, but that which is much more difficult to determine is

（5）名词A  ＋ 介／连 ＋ 名词B   +   谓
        a－随后一致： not only...but also , not...but , either...or , neither...nor , or , nor
           b－整体一致：A and B +谓复 （adj1 and adj2 n）(n1, and n2 n3)
           c－随前一致：（除以上两种情况外都随前一致）
30－313－96 Many psychologists and sociologists now contend that the deliberate and even brutal aggression integral to some forms of competitive athletics increase the likelihood of imitative violence that erupts among crowds of spectators dominated by young adult males.  (A) increase the likelihood of imitative violence that erupts  (B) increase the likelihood that there will be an eruption of imitative violence
(C) increase the likelihood of imitative violence erupting
(D) increases the likelihood for imitative violence to erupt   (E) increases the likelihood that imitative violence will erupt


31－307－73 In the most common procedure for harvesting forage crops such as alfalfa, as much as 20 percent of the leaf and small-stem material, which is the most nutritious of all the parts of the plant, shattered and fell to the ground.  (A) which is the most nutritious of all the parts of the plant, shattered and fell  (B) the most nutritious of all parts of the plant, shatter and fall  (C) the parts of the plant which were most nutritious, will shatter and fall  (D) the most nutritious parts of the plant, shatters and falls   (E) parts of the plant which are the most nutritious, have shattered and fallen

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（3）定于从句内部的主谓搭配问题
          －n. + that + 谓
27－314－102 With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land， Cleveland is but one of a large number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses.
　　（A） is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract
　　（B） is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract
　　（C） are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract
　　（D） are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and attracting
　　（E） are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and attract

          － n.3 , n.2 , n.1 , which 谓
28－78－10 For the first time in the modern era, non-Hispanic Whites are officially a minority in California, which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago.

A.        which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago
B.        which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when it was nearly three-quarters
C.        and that amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when they were nearly three-quarters
D.        amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters a decade ago
E.        amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from what it was a decade ago by nearly three-quarters

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（2）倒装
            a－there be + n.  
24－263－89 A recent national study of the public schools shows that there are now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were four years ago.

　　(A) there are now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were

　　(B) there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were

　　(C) there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were

　　(D) every thirty-two pupils now have one microcomputer, four times as many than there were(C)

　　(E) every thirty-two pupils now has one microcomputer, four times as many as

            b－adj短语或prep.介词短语作表语放句首，主系表完全倒装。
                  主 系 表（adj／介短）-----> 表 系 主
25－262－85 Out of America’s fascination with all things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing back the chaise lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.
A) all things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing
B) things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing
C) things that are antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that bring
D) antique things have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fix tures that are bringing
E) antique things has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixt ures that bring

26－306－66 Developing nations in various parts of the world have amassed $700 billi on in debts; at stake, should a significant number of these debts be repudia ted, is the solvency of some of the world's largest multinational banks.
　　A） should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is  　　B） should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, are  　　C） should they repudiate a significant number of these debts, are  　　D） if there is a repudiation of a significant number of these debts, would be  　　E） if a significant number of these debts will be repudiated, is

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2.        主谓搭配
   （1）主语和谓语搭配
            －Students each have a computer.
            －Each of the students has a computer.
22－282－165 The Federalist papers, a strong defense of the United States Constitution and important as a body of work in political science as well, represents the handiwork of three different authors.  (A) and important as a body of work in political science as well, represents  (B) as well as an important body of work in political science, represent  (C) and also a body of work of importance in political science is representing  (D) an important body of work in political science and has been representative of  (E) and as political science an important body of work too, represent

23－311－87 Although it claims to delve into political isssues, television can be superficial such as when each of the three major networks broadcast exactly the same statement from a political candidate.

A.superficial such as when each of the three major networks
B.superficial, as can sometines occur if all of the three major networks
C.superficial if the three major networks all
D.superficial whenever each of the three major networks
E.superficial, as when the three major networks each

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d－当这个句子的逻辑主语未出现时，可将主语时态改被动。
20－319－124 Alaska regularly deposits some of its profits from the sale of oil into a special fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves.
(A) fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves
(B) fund, the intention of which is to sustain the state’s economy after they have exhausted their oil reserves
(C) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted
(D) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after exhausting its oil reserves
(E) fund that they intend to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted

   (5) 转折关系中，事物的分类标准必须要统一。
21－271－123 Although dozens of New York’s small museums are either devoted to local history or various ethnic groups, there are many one-of-a-kind museums from Manhattan to the Bronx that are open for exploration on summer weekends.
(A) Although dozens of New York’s small museums are either devoted to local history or various ethnic groups, there are
(B) Although dozens of New York’s small museums are devoted to local history or various ethnic groups,
(C) Dozens of New York’s small museums are devoted to local history or various ethnic groups, but there are
(D) Dozens of New York’s small museums are devoted to local history or various ethnic groups, and there are also
(E) Devoted to local history or various ethnic groups, dozens of New York’s small museums and also

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c－adj的省略结构。（adj，主句）｜ Very clever, I was accepted by Harvard U.
18－323－138 Once common throughout the Western plains, black-footed ferrets are thought to have declined in number as a result of the poisoning of prairie dogs, their prey.
(A) black-footed ferrets are thought to have declined in number as
(B) it is thought that the decline in number of black-footed ferrets is
(C) the decline in the number of black-footed ferrets is thought of as
(D) that black-footed ferrets have declined in their numbers is thought to be
(E) the numbers of the black-footed ferret are thought to have declined as

19－74－2 Charles Lindbergh, for his attempt at a solo transatlantic flight, was very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he therefore refused to carry even a pound of mail, despite being offered $1,000 to do so.
A. Charles Lindbergh, for his attempt at a solo transatlantic flight, was very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he therefore
B. When Charles Lindbergh was attempting his solo transatlantic flight, being very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he
C. Since he was very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he was attempting his solo transatlantic flight, so Charles Lindbergh
D. Being very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight was the reason that Charles Lindbergh
E. Very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight, Charles Lindbergh