GMAT-GWD逻辑题推理过程-PARADOX（EXPLANATION）

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GWD-TN-16-12.
In Kantovia, physicians’ income comes from insurance companies, which require physicians to document their decisions in treating patients and to justify deviations from the companies’ treatment guidelines. Ten years ago physicians were allowed more discretion. Most physicians believe that the companies’ requirements now prevent them from spending enough time with patients. Yet the average amount of time a patient spends with a physician during an office visit has actually increased somewhat over the last ten years.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy between physicians’ perceptions and the change in the actual time spent?

A.        Patients are more likely to be in a hurry nowadays and are less willing to wait a long time to see their physician.
B.        Physicians today typically have a wider range of options in diagnosis and treatment to consider with the patient before prescribing.
C.        Physicians are increasingly likely to work in group practices, sharing the responsibility of night and weekend work.
D.        Most patients would rather trust their physicians than their insurance companies to make decisions about their treatment.
E.        Since the insurance companies pay physicians a set amount for each office visit, it is to physicians’ financial advantage to see as many patients as possible.

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模型或要素：内科医生、保险收入、诊疗时间、诊疗项目、绝对时间、相对时间

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GWD-TN-16-32.
When trying to identify new technologies that promise to transform the marketplace, market researchers survey the managers of those companies that are developing new technologies. Such managers have an enormous stake in succeeding, so they invariably overstate the potential of their new technologies. Surprisingly, however, market researchers typically do not survey a new technology’s potential buyers, even though it is the buyers-not the producers-who will ultimately determine a technology’s commercial success.

Which of the following, if true, best accounts for the typical survey practices among market researchers?

A.        If a new technology succeeds, the commercial benefits accrue largely to the producers, not to the buyers, of that technology.
B.        People who promote the virtues of a new technology typically fail to consider that the old technology that is currently in use continues to be improved, often substantially.
C.        Investors are unlikely to invest substantial amounts of capital in a company whose own managers are skeptical about the commercial prospects of a new technology they are developing.
D.        The potential buyers for not-yet-available technologies can seldom be reliably identified.
E.        The developers of a new technology are generally no better positioned than its potential buyers to gauge how rapidly the new technology can be efficiently mass-produced.

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模型或要素：新技术、市场、调查、经理、消费者

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GWD-TN-18-9.
In order to raise revenue, the federal government planned a tax amnesty program that allows tax delinquents to pay all owed tax without added financial penalty. However, economists projected that the federal government would collect a far lower percentage of total tax owed by delinquents than did state governments implementing similar programs.

Which of the following, if true, would most contribute to an explanation of the economists’ projections?

A.        Tax amnesty programs are only successful if they are widely publicized.
B.        Most people who honestly pay their state tax are equally honest in paying their federal tax.
C.        Although federal tax delinquents usually must pay high financial penalties, the states require far lower financial penalties.
D.        The state tax rate varies considerably from state to state, but the federal tax is levied according to laws which apply to citizens of all the states.
E.        Unlike most federal tax delinquents, most state tax delinquents fail to pay state tax because of an oversight rather than a decision not to pay.

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前提1（隐含假设）：
前提2（事实）：
总结论（推测）：
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模型或要素：欠税、赦免、罚金、动机