Frazier and Mosteller
assert that
medical
research could be improved by
a
move toward larger, simpler clinical
Line trials
of medical treatments. Currently,
(5) researchers
collect far more background
information
on patients than is strictly
required
for their trials—substantially more
than
hospitals collect—thereby escalating
costs
of data collection, storage, and
(10) analysis.
Although limiting information
collection
could increase the risk that
researchers
will overlook facts relevant
to
a study, Frazier and Mosteller contend
that
such risk, nerver entirely eliminable
(15) from
research, would still be small in most
studies.
Only in research on entirely new
treatments
are new and unexpected variables
likely
to arise.
Frazier
and Mosteller propose not
(20) only that researchers limit data
collection
on
individual patients but also that
researchers
enroll more patients in clinical
trials,
thereby obtaining a more representative
sample
of the total population with
(25) the
disease under study. Often researchers
restrict
study participation to patients
who
have no ailments besides those being
studied.
A treatment judged successful
under
these ideal conditions can then
(30) be
evaluated under normal conditions.
Broadening
the range of trial participants,
Frazier
and Mosteller suggest, would
enable
researchers to evaluate a treatment’s
efficacy
for diverse patients under
(35) various
conditions and to evaluate its
effectiveness
for different patient subgroups.
For
example, the value of a
treatment for a progressive disease may
vary
according to a patient’s stage of
(40) disease.
Patients’ ages may also affect a treatment’s efficacy.
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GWD-8-Q4:
According to the passage, Frazier and Mosteller believe which of the
following about medical research?
A. It is seriously flawed as presently conducted because researchers
overlook facts that are relevant to the subject of their research.
B. It tends to benefit certain subgroups of patients disproportionately.
C. It routinely reveals new
variables in research on entirely new treatments.
D. It can be made more accurate by limiting the amount of information
researchers collect.
E. It cannot be freed of the risk that significant
variables may be overlooked.
参考答案为E
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GWD-8-Q5:
The author mentions patients’ ages(line 40) primarily in order to
A. identify the most
critical variable differentiating subgroups of patients
B. cast doubt on the advisability of implementing Frazier and Mosteller’s
proposals about medical research
C. indicate why progressive diseases may require different treatments at
different stages
D. illustrate a point about the value of enrolling a wide
range of patients in clinical trials
E. substantiate an argument about the problems inherent in enrolling large
numbers of patients in clinical trials
参考答案为D
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