权威发布：新托福阅读八大题型完整解析

serein

与老托福相比较， IBT阅读和其他部分一样有很大的变化。
　　IBT阅读的主要变化有五点：
　　1. 题目的数量减少：从之前老托50道题目减少到目前39道；
　　2. 文章的篇数减少：从之前的5篇减少到目前的3篇；
　　3. 文章内容的长度增加：内容字数从之前的350字左右增加到目前650-700字/篇；
　　4. 题目的分数参差不齐：各个类型题目的分数根据其难易程度而定；
　　5. 出现了三类新题型：句子插入题， 句意解释题目和表格题是新出现的题目类。
　　解决IBT阅读中的插入句子题的五大步骤
　　插入句子题是IBT阅读中的新题性。这类题目是给出一句话让我们来判断这句话应加入一个段落中四个方块的哪个部分，用鼠标双击所选的黑色方块即可。做这类题目的关键首先是理解该句子，寻找其中的衔接词，分析这个句子的特点和其在文中的作用，然后把这个句子带入原文中检验其是否合适。
　　掌握衔接词是解答插入句子题的关键
　　掌握衔接词对解答这类问题非常重要，因为它是理解上下文和这个句子的逻辑关系的核心。衔接词语主要包括代词(指示代词，例如this, these their, it, such, another ，这些通常是上文提到过的，所以可以采用就近原则来做。)；关键同义词，重复出现的形容词，副词和名词；表示因果，转折等关系的过渡词语：如，therefore, so, however, as a result, consequently, on the contrary, however 等；递进扩展词：如，furthermore, also, as well, too, in addition, moreover, besides, even, additionally等；结构配对词：如，on the one hand…. on the other hand，some…others，同时还要注意一些表示顺序的词，如first ,second ,third等。
　　我们来具体来一个例子：
　　1. But there is also another special kind of conversational flow among Southern women that contributed to their writing. 2. Some of their talk took the form of tales and vignettes told for their own sake.3. Sometimes humorous, sometimes sad; all were as bright as the figures in the fine needlepoint. 4。
　　Look at the four positions that indicate where the following sentences can be added to the …paragraph of the passage。
　　These tales included grotesque, comic, and poetic descriptions, character sketches, narratives, gusts of feeling, delicate ironies, and astute observations。
　　Click on a position to add the sentence to the passage。
　　A: position 1 B: Position 2 C: Position 3 D: Position 4
　　具体的解题步骤：
　　1. 理解要插入的句子：These tales included grotesque, comic, and poetic descriptions, character sketches, and narratives, gusts of feeling, delicate ironies, and astute observations. 我们看这个句子是主、谓、宾结构，其中宾语为一些列的并列名词和短语。
　　2. 寻找衔接词：这个句子的衔接词为：These tales
　　3. 分析这个句子和上下文的关系：位置1 不可能，因为它后面的句子是一个主题型句子，即，提出论点，而我们要插入的句子为一个小点，属于论据。然后看位置2，这里出现了和我们要加入句子一样的信息点Some of their talk took the form of tales and vignettes told for their own sake。显然句子放在位置2是不行的；位置3后面的句子是对其前面句子for their own sake的进一步解释。所以最后只能是位置4了。
　　4. 把这个句带入各个位置。
　　5. 检查每个位置，位置4是最恰当的。
　　总之，把握这五大步骤是我们解决插入句子题的一个便利小窍门，具体的应用方法因人而议。理解需要插入句子的结构，找出衔接词是解题关键。同时要注意整个段落的结构以及上下文逻辑关系。

serein

IBT阅读中指代关系题的解决策略
　　在IBT阅读考题中，我们依然能看到一个熟悉的词组“refer to ”，这是指代关系题的标志。一般来说，3篇IBT阅读题目中会有2至3道这种类型的试题，所以不能轻视。
　　一、 指代关系题可以分为两类： 代词指代题和词汇指代题。
　　1. 代词指代题：
　　对于代词指代题，简单句中的这类题目可以采用就近原则来解决：先读整个句子，以代词为线索在其周围寻找与它意思接近的词汇或者短语。而对于主从复合句，采用后指代前的方法。 一般来说，从句的代词主语指代主句的名词主语。这个与主从复合句的类型没有关系。
　　例如：
　　The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by weathering before they can be fossilized。
　　The word “they “refers to
　　A. skeleton B. scavengers C. creatures D. environments
　　这个句子为复合句，前半句的主语为skeletons，所以按照上面的原则A为正确答案。
　　2. 词汇指代题：
　　这种类题主要是指所考察的指代词语为词汇或者短语，而不是指代。
　　例如：代词指代题的常问方式为： The word “they, it, their..。” refer to …
　　词汇指代题的常问方式为： The word “ W ” refer to … ,其中，“W ”为词汇或者短语。
　　其解题技巧和代词指代题解题技巧一样，采用就近原则和后指代前的方法。
　　我们来看一个例子：
　　In the speed of its execution, the righting of a tumbling cat resembles a magician’s trick. The gyrations of the cat in midair are too fast for the human eye to follow, so the process is obscured。
　　The word “process” in refer to
　　A. The righting of tumbling cat
　　B. The cat’s fall slowed down
　　C. High-speed photography
　　D. A scientific experiment
　　这是个主从复合句， 从句的主语为process，所以答案应该为The gyrations of the cat in midair，但是答案中没有相同的选项。根据代词指代的特点，本句中找不到所指代的对象，所指代的对象通常出现在上一句话中，所以正确答案为A。
　　二、解答指代关系题的三大步骤：
　　1. 看题干，确定指代类型
　　2. 带着题干主线索回原文圈定答案范围
　　3. 采用排除法，确定答案。
　　总之，正确理解原文是解决这类问题的关键，之后按照这三个步骤，采用就近原则和后指代前 的技巧进行解答。

serein

IBT阅读修饰目的题的解决策略
　　修饰目的题在一定程度上也叫例证题，它主要考查考生透过表面特定的修辞方法/方式发掘潜在的目的能力。发现外在修辞特征背后的修辞目的是这类题目的主要考察点。一般来说，问题会要求考生理解为什么作者在文章中用某些词，词组和句子。在IBT考试中会有3-4个这类型题目。
　　1、修辞目的题的两种考察形式：
　　在阅读考试中，这类题目有两种不同的考察形式：一种是给出修辞手段问目的，另一种是给出修辞目的问手段。
　　其常见的题目形式如下：
　　The author uses X as an example of…
　　Why does the author mention X?
　　Why does the author compare … to …?
　　Why does the author use the word … in discussing…?
　　The author discusses X in paragraph X in order to…
　　The author uses X as an example of…
　　2、解题技巧
　　找出这些修辞方法所用的关键词，例如定义中所用的同位语；描述事物大小、形状的形容词和名词；举例用的词，如，for instance，for example， in other words；用来解释的词语，如because， this is why， due to等。
　　我们来看一个例子：
　　One of the most puzzling aspects of the paintings is their location. Other rock paintings，for example, those of Bushmen in South Africa are either located near cave entrances or completely in the open. Cave paintings in France and Spain, however, are in recesses and caverns far removed from original cave entrances。
　　Why does the author mention Bushmen in South Africa in paragraph 2?
　　To suggest that ancient artists from all over the world painted animals on rocks
　　To contrast the location of their rock paintings to those found at Lascaux
　　To support the claim that early artists worked in cramped spaces
　　To give an example of other artists who painted in hidden locations
　　首先分析问题题目，找出其中的关键词：Bushmen in South Africa。之后回到原文看其前后的句子，找到原文的关键词for example，通过分析知道，这一例子的目的是为了说明它前面的那句话，即这些绘画的位置令人费解。作者以对比的手法来说明这一点：Bushmen in South Africa的绘画常位于洞口或洞外，而法国和西班牙的洞穴绘画(本文所说的绘画)却位于远离最初洞口的深处。由此可见，Bushmen in South Africa的例子是为了说明Lascaux绘画位置的怪异。第二个选项符合此意，为正确答案。
　　总之，解决这类问题的步骤可以总结为：分析问题题目找出关键词，返回原文找原文中的关键词，理解上下文得出答案。

serein

IBT阅读推理题的解决策略
　　推断题就是所需要的信息都包含在文章中，但是没有直接加以说明，需要考生从已知中推出。推理题的题干中常出现infer, imply , most likely (least likely) 或probably 等词语。根据OG， 在IBT 阅读的3篇文章中，每篇会有0-2道这类问题，一次考试总共有3-4道推断题。
　　一、推理题的两大分类：有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题。
　　这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。一般来说，大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。返回原文找信息点，采用排除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。
　　二、推理题的三个具体的解题思路：
　　1、一般对比推理：根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。
　　2、时间对比推理：在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。
　　3、集合概念推理 ：一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。这个比较抽象，我们来看一个例子：
　　例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution。
　　What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?
　　(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers。
　　(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined。
　　(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war。
　　(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation。
　　文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降，所以(B)为正确答案。
　　三、解答这类题目需要注意的信息点：
　　1。日期和数字。
　　2。关键词： 表示多少的副词： many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词：may, can , could…;表示过去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的： not only ,not exclusively等。
　　总之，文中的关键词，观点，逻辑和平时的基本常识是解决这类问题的关键。

serein

IBT 阅读句意解释题的解决策略
　　句意解释题也有人称其为“变换措辞题”，也就是用自己的语言来改写文章中的句子或者段落，以不同的方式重新陈述另一句话，保留其内容，而不改变原来句子的意思。在IBT阅读的三篇文章中，每篇文章可能有0-1道这样的题目，每次考试总共有2到3题。
　　这类型题目的题干表达为：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information。
　　解决这类题目的三种方法：
　　第一种：在保持原句序基本不变的前提下进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换；
　　第二种：在句序不变的前提下再进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换；
　　第三种：对原句进行总结性重复。
　　下面我们通过一个例子来看这些方法的具体应用：
　　Small marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert marketer。
　　Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information。

　　A marketer who is not so smart should be more concerned with the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences。
　　I t is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. I t is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with。
　　Marketers should focus on the factors that account for difference rather than the difference themselves。
　　Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences。
　　解题：
　　首先，我们来分析这个句子，整个主句的主语为Small marketers，谓语为be concerned with，宾语为factors，这个分析完成之后，我们采用同意替换的方法，替换其中的重点词组-谓语be concerned with，其同义词为focus on。这样替换完之后把两个句子的意思进行比较，得出正确答案C。这道题目采用了第一种方法。
　　总之，这类题目的解决步骤就是分析句子结构，找出关键词语----找出其中的重要词组进行同义替换----结合整个句子的意思进行重新组织句子------采用排除法找出正确答案。

serein

IBT阅读列举题的解题策略
　　列举题属于老题型，在之前的老托福考试中就存在，而且数量比较多。它主要考察考生能否抓住文章主要信息，排除一些与文章内容无关信息的能力。所以，ETS也这类题型称之为“否定事实信息题”(negative factual information question)。其常用的出题形式为：
　　Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passages?
　　The author mentions all of the followings xxx, except xx?
　　一、列举题两大分类：集中列举和分散列举
　　1. 集中列举
　　集中列举的形式有：三个名词或词汇连续出现，各个名词或词汇之间以逗号隔开；三个短语连续出现；三个句子连续出现。对于集中列举题，只需根据题干或选项定位原文，排除在原文的集中列举之处出现的三个选项，剩下的一个选项为正确答案。例如：
　　They used the pots they made for cooking, storing food, and carrying things from place to place。
　　Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way that ancient people used pottery?
　　(A) To hold food。
　　(B) To wash clothes。
　　(C) To cook。
　　(D) To transport objects。
　　这里，我们先看题干，问的是古代人是怎么使用罐子的。看完这个题目之后我们回到原文：They used the pots they made for cooking, storing food, and carrying things from place to place. 答案B自然就出来了。A，C答案可以直接在原文中找到，D答案是对原文内容的改写。
　　2. 分散列举
　　分散列举，顾名思义，就是说各项出现的位置比较的分散，可能出现于同一段落之中，或分布于全文各段。对于分散列举，我们同样需要根据题干或选项定位原文，将各个选项与所对应的原文逐个进行比较，采用排除法，在原文未提到或与原文相矛盾的选项为正确答案。解答这类题目需要注意文章每个段落的首尾句。
　　二、解答列举题的三大步骤：
　　1. 看题干找关键词：
　　如果问题中线索，即，有和原文相同词语，我们称之为关键词，可以根据它定位，然后将四个选项与定位的地方进行比较。如果没有关键词，可以先定位于上一个问题对应的段落之后的段落。一般来说，IBT阅读考试题目的顺寻和原文章的顺序相同。
　　2. 阅读四个选项：
　　如果题干中没有线索的，可以阅读四个选项，总结其中的共同点进行定位，或者根据各个选项中的关键词一一进行定位。
　　3. 排除与原文相符的选项：
　　将各个选项与原文比较以后，排除其中符合原文意思的选项，剩下的一个选项，或者与原文相矛盾，或者在原文未提到，就是正确答案。
　　总之，列举题的基本思路是排除，排除与原文相符的选项，与原文相矛盾的选项或原文未提到的选项是正确答案。

serein

IBT阅读中词汇题的解决策略
　　词汇题就是从具体的语境中理解词汇。鉴于英语单词的一词多义，所以准确理解某一个单词的意思需要依据语境。这里的语境就是我们所要阅读的文章的上下文。一般来说通过上下文推断或者猜测词意，上下文中可以利用的信息为，例句，对比词，同义词，反义词或者其他段落的解释等。此外，文章中一些特定搭配关系也可以帮助我们找到正确的答案。IBT的词汇题考的都是近义词，题目常见的问法如下：The word (or phrase) X is closest in meaning to ……, the word (or phrase) x could be best replaced by X。做这类题目，判断所考察词汇在原句中与其周围词汇的关系是关键，此外还要注意所考察词汇的词性。下面我们来看看常见的五种可以帮助我们迅速找到词汇题答案的特殊关系。
　　一、五类常见的词汇关系：
　　1. 直接反义关系—该词前或后出现的内容提示我们是反义关系。 表示相反概念的词语如下rather than，instead，unlike，contrast，on the contrary。
　　例如：
　　The main conflict in the novel is between a mother who places a high value on hard
　　work and honor and a son who repudiates his mother’s values instead preferring the easier path to fortune and celebrity
　　The word repudiates in the passage in closest in meaning to __
　　A) refuses to accept B) lives up to C) tries to understand D) makes the best of
　　假如repudiates我们不认识，从后面的小词 instead 这个词判定儿子和***价值观念是相反的，由此信息看四个选项，你会发现只有A选项带有否定的意味
　　2。并列关系：并列关系词如下： and，not only ..but also，as…as，and，both … and，either… or neither… nor
　　例如：
　　She embarked on her career by working as a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels。
　　The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning to
　　A) took a trip to B) started out on C) improved upon D) had a opinion about
　　回到原文看embarked on周围的词语和它在这个句子中的作用。在这句中关健词 and 其后出现soon began告诉我们前后方向是一致的，前面也必然和began有关，所以本题目的正解是B。
　　3。解释关系：后面的句子或短词，单词来解释前面的词。常见的标志词：Contribute to，be responsible for，account for，since ，therefore ，for，because，in which等
　　例如：
　　His big break came with the novel So big(1924) ,which was awarded the Pulitzer in literature。
　　The word break in this sentence could best be replaced by ___
　　A) Rupture B) revelation C) opportunity D) rest
　　which was awarded the Pulitzer in Literature告诉我们一定考查的是正态度，所以答案不可能是A) D)，所以应该选 C) Opportunity 是一种有利的状态或合适的时机。
　　4. 动宾关系：看看宾语能否受动词支配，或从动词短语搭配去判定。
　　例如：
　　The oxidation of exhaust gases is one of primary sources of the world’s pollutions. The brown haze that is poised over some of the world’s largest cities is properly called photochemical smog。
　　The word poised in this sentence is closest in meaning to__
　　A) interacting B) sitting C) blowing D) poisoning
　　首先从搭配关系上可以排除 interacting ,interact with 然后可以从上下文关系排除 blowing over 因为吹走了就是不会有smog。而poison考试中及物才有pollute的含义，不及物只有一种含义表示投毒。
　　5. 形容词修饰名词关系：
　　例如：
　　When the gas reaches the air, it comes into contact with available oxygen from atmosphere and combines with the oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide (No2)， which is a gas with a brownish hue。
　　The word hue in this sentence is closest in meaning to
　　A)color B)odor C)thickness D)smoke
　　对于本题你会发现有个小词brownish 呈褐色的，首先从形容词修饰名词关系可以直接排除B odor C thickness， 其次可以通过 a gas with brownish hue前面的 gas 排除 D smoke，用词重复。所以正确答案是A。
　　二、解决词汇题的三大技巧：
　　1、首先看是否认识， 如果在认识， 采用就近原则，在选项中找同义或近义词， 并代入原文检验；如果不认识，将4个选项代入原文， 看上下文是否合理。
　　2、分析词语在句子中的作用，了解词性，然后按照上面提供的5类关系方法找出正确答案。
　　3、看选项，如果选项的有2个答案都比较合适，根据词汇搭配的5类关系，选择在含义上与原词最合适的。
　　总之，根据原文章语境理解所要选择词汇的词性和其在句中的作用，然后根据5类词汇搭配关系来选择合适的选项是解决这类题目的基础，排除法是解决这类题的主要方法。

serein

IBT阅读表格题目的解决策略
　　IBT阅读中的表格题是新题型，同时在IBT听力部分也出现了。与听力部分不同的是，IBT阅读部分的表格题既包括了对全文重点内容的发问又包括了对全文主题和结论发问。它们以对比表格和总结表格的形式出现。相对于听力表格题来说，阅读部分的难度系数更大一些。在IBT阅读的3篇文章中有两个此类问题，且通常是文章最后一道题目，为2分。
　　一、表格题分为两大类：总结表格题和对比表格题。
　　1、总结表格题
　　相对而言， 总结表格题的出现频率要高于对比表格题，这是由它们自身特点，出题方式和原文是否具备对比对照关系这三方面的因素决定的。
　　2、题的出题模式有两种：
　　一种是针对全文内容出题，答案由全文的主题，细节和重点支持段落的概述三部分组成。另外一种是针对文章中的重点支持性段落出题，答案由这些重点支持性段落主题，段落结论，以及重点支持性例子的概述三部分组成。这里我们重点看第一种出题模式。
　　我们来看一个例子，
　　The Atlantic Cod Fishery
　　Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to new England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, huge shoals on the edge of North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other, they stir up mineral from the ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill, which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish, such as the Atlantic cod, live in the ocean’s bottom layer, congregating in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth。
　　Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with cod. Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod。
　　By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants。
　　Until the twentieth century, fishers believed in the cod’s ability to replenish itself and thought that overfishing was impossible. However, Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to show signs of trouble during the 1930s, when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands were unemployed. The slump lasted for the next few decades. Then when an international agreement decided to build up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable economic base for Newfoundland again. All of Newfoundland’s seafood companies were merged into one conglomerate. By the 1980s, the conglomerate was prospering, and cod were commanding excellent prices in the market. Consequently, there was a significant increase in the number of fishers and fish—processing plant workers。
　　However, while the offshore fishery was prospering, the inshore fishermen found their catches dropping off. In 1992, the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banks to groundfishing. Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bid to let the vanishing stocks recover. The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of the Atlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed, except for one in Nova Scotia, and strict quotas were placed on other species of groundfish. Canada’s cod fishing industry collapsed, and around 40,000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work。
　　Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers joked about walking on the backs of the teeming fish. Today, cod stocks are at historically low levels and show no signs of imminent recovery, even after drastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing. Fishermen often blame the diminishing stocks on seals, which prey on cod and other species, but scientists believe that decades of overfishing are to blame. Studies on fish populations have shown that cod disappeared from Newfoundland at the same time that stocks started rebuilding in Norway, raising the possibility that the cod had migrated. Still, no one can predict whether and when the cod will return to the Grand Banks. ]
　　An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points
　　The Atlantic cod fishery has shaped Newfoundland’s economy for centuries。
　　1、Cod fishing was so successful that few people considered the possibility of overfishing until fish stocks fell。
　　2、Despite severe limits on fishing, cod stocks remain at low levels and show few signs of recovery。
　　3、The Canadian government tried to diversity Newfoundland’s economy in the 1980s
　　Answer Choices
　　(1)Atlantic cod stocks were once plentiful in the rich environment around the Grand Banks。
　　(2)The Atlantic cod is a groundfish that preys on herring and small fish that eat krill。
　　(3)Cod fishing was so successful that few people considered the possibility of overfishing until fish stocks fell。
　　(4)The Canadian government tried to diversity Newfoundland’s economy in the 1980s。
　　(5)Despite severe limits on fishing, cod stocks remain at low levels and show few signs of recovery。
　　(6)Newfoundland exports millions of dollars worth of crab and other shellfish every year。
　　解题基本思路：首先确定这个题目属于总结表格题，其主题为The Atlantic cod fishery has shaped Newfoundland’s economy for centuries。(鳕鱼渔业带动了纽芬兰经济发展已经有好几个世纪。)后面三个分论点的内容都是围绕这个论点展开：因为渔业的发达人们忽略了过度捕杀来的问题；尽管采取各种限制捕杀政策，鳕鱼的库存还是不断减少而其数量也没有回升的迹象；加拿大政府从20世纪80年代开始想办法来繁荣纽芬兰的经济。通过对上面这些句子和主题的分析，我们已经可以猜出文章的主要内容，人们的过度捕杀导致自己的经济来源-鳕鱼数量不断减少。根据这个理解然后看答案。根据文章内容，我们知道选项 A ，C， E与文章的内容和题目表格内容相符合。其中B内容在文章中有，但是不符合，D的内容也是正确的，但是与E相比，E更合适，而F 直接排除掉。
　　3、总结表格题做题三大步骤：
　　判断题目类型(全文型还是段落型)--------------根据题目类型找主题、细节和支持性段落/事例--------采用排除法找出正确答案。
　　4、对比表格题
　　对比表格题都会有明确的对比项，也就是在文章中几个不同事物之间相对比。
　　这类型的题目相对于总结表格题来说简单。只要按照文章题目的要求，返回原文去找和要求意思相近的答案就可以了。其具体解题方法和总结表格题相同，所以这里就不赘述了。
　　总之，判断题目类型(总结表格题和对比表格题)--------------根据题目类型找主题、细节和支持性段落/事例--------采用排除法找出正确答案是解决这类问题的最佳策略。