GWD5-Q20 求助~

jaffa23

GWD5-Q20:

Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty.
It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity.
However, studies show that a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their field at an older age than is usual.
Since by the age of forty the large majority of scientists have been working in their field for at least fifteen years, the studies’ finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not that they have simply aged but rather that they generally have spent too long in a given field.



In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?



A.
The first is the position that the argument as a whole opposes; the second is an objection that has been raised against a position defended in the argument.

B.
The first is a claim that has been advanced in support of a position that the argument opposes; the second is a finding that has been used in support of that position.

C.
The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is a finding that has been used in support of that explanation.

D.
The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is a finding on which that challenge is based.

E.
The first is an explanation that the argument defends; the second is a finding that has been used to challenge that explanation.


大牛们请帮我看看，我选的是D，但是我想问D和E之间有本质差别吗？没看出来这两者有什么大不同。谢谢谢谢啊！！

swlfxer

我觉得，第一句描述一种现象，跟着有两个解释。第二句给了第一个解释。在第三句里，作者用 However 退步语气引出其他证据来表述TA支持的第二个解释。整个段落是驳斥第一个解释，支持第二个解释。

"Defend" 是辩护的意思，E. 说第一个解释是作者要辩护的，因此错.

msufcufou

however后面应该才是作者主要阐述的观点，所以however前面的话应该是作者反对的，而不是支持。薄见，望牛牛指正。

hazardous

这道题我也很困惑：
D.
The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is a finding on which that challenge is based.
我认为作者的argument是 the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not that they have simply aged but rather that they generally have spent too long in a given field.所以D中the first解释没问题；可是the second说是that challenge is based，其中challenge是指Scientists typically do their most creative because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity work before the age of forty. 怎么可能是base呢？！
请高手指教！！！

applejsjs

我觉得challenge是指Scientists typically do not their most creative because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity work before the age of forty.,而这句话是based在后面一段粗体字上的

lilingfeng

那你觉得argument是什么呢？however前面的两句并没有表达Scientists typically do not their most creative because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity work before the age of forty的意思哦~

brunhildS

vt.
防御, 防守, 保卫(国家等)

以行动, 语言或文字替...辩护或答辩

angelsgx

这道题我也很困惑~我选的是C the second is a finding that has been used in support of that explanation,我想不通和D的区别在哪里~~希望牛牛指教~~谢谢

newolder

up！  我也是D 的 后半部分不理解！ 望牛牛指教~~~

endless1990

Known fact 1 : Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty. Creative work --> mostly done before 40.

First bold face : aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity. Translation: aging --> loss of creativity.  This claim is used to explain the known fact 1.

Known fact 2 (second bold face): a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their field at an older age than is usual.  Translation : still creative after 40 --> most entered the field later than the norm. This finding puts doubt on the "aging after 40" hypothesis since it provides another explanation to known fact 1 : The longer you work in a given field, the harder you will produce creative work.  In other words, the author hints that creative work has to be done within a given time frame ( about 15 years ) after one enters the field. After that, creative work is unlikely to happen.
Combined together, the first bold face is the part that the author challenges; the second bold face is the part that the author uses as evidence to make the challenge. Answer D is right.