At the end of the nineteenth century, a rising interest
in Native American customs and an increasing desire to
understand Native American culture prompted ethnolo-
gists to begin recording the life stories of Native Amer-
(5) ican. (提出观点1)Ethnologists had a distinct reason for wanting to
hear the stories: they were after linguistic or anthropo-
logical data that would supplement their own field
observations, and they believed that the personal
stories, even of a single individual（可能会出取非等改进题）,
could increase their
(10) understanding of the cultures that they had been
observing from without. In addition many ethnologists
at the turn of the century believed that Native Amer-
ican manners and customs were rapidly disappearing,
and that it was important to preserve for posterity as
(15) much information as could be adequately recorded
before the cultures disappeared forever.
There were, however, arguments against this method
as a way of acquiring accurate and complete informa-
tion.（提出观点2） Franz Boas（首字母提炼FB）, for example, described autobiogra-
(20) phies as being “of limited value, and useful chiefly for
the study of the perversion of truth by memory,” while
Paul Radin contended that investigators rarely spent
enough time with the tribes they were observing, and
inevitably derived results too tinged by the investi-
(25) gator’s own emotional tone to be reliable.
Even more importantly, as these life stories moved
from the traditional oral mode to recorded written
form, much was inevitably lost. Editors often decided
what elements were significant to the field research on a
(30) given tribe. Native Americans recognized that the
essence of their lives could not be communicated in
English and that events that they thought significant
were often deemed unimportant by their interviewers.
Indeed, the very act of telling their stories could force
(35) Native American narrators to distort their cultures, as
taboos had to be broken to speak the names of dead
relatives crucial to their family stories.
Despite all of this, autobiography remains a useful
tool for ethnological research: such personal reminis-
(40) cences and impressions, incomplete as they may be, are
likely to throw more light on the working of the mind
and emotions than any amount of speculation from an
ethnologist or ethnological theorist from another
culture.
小结：本文开头提出了一个观点，就是说auto有用，同时还举出了一些原因；二段提出反对观点，同时有两个人名举例出现；三段则是认为auto虽然有缺点但是还是比较有用，partially肯定了auto的作用。
61. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?（你如果在看完文章的时候能稍微回想一下，这道题目应该不难）
(A) The historical backgrounds of two currently used research methods are chronicled.
(B)The validity of the data collected by using two different research methods is compared.
(C) The usefulness of a research method is questioned and then a new method is proposed.
(D) The use of a research method is described and the limitations of the results obtained are discussed.
(E) A research method is evaluated and the changes necessary for its adaptation to other subject areas are discussed.
62. Which of the following is most similar to the actions of nineteenth-century ethnologists in their editing of the life stories of Native Americans? 该题是类比题，你首先必须找出ethnologist干了什么。提干出现editing所以定位在三段，editor L25
(A) A witness in a jury trial invokes the Fifth Amendment in order to avoid relating personally incriminating evidence.
(B)A stockbroker refuses to divulge the source of her information on the possible future increase in a stock’s value.
(C) A sports announcer describes the action in a team sport with which he is unfamiliar.
(D) A chef purposely excludes the special ingredient from the recipe of his prizewinning dessert. （C）
(E) A politician fails to mention in a campaign speech the similarities in the positions held by her opponent for political office and by herself.
63. According to the passage, collecting life stories can be a useful methodology because useful methodology定位最后一段，
such personal reminis-cences and impressions, incomplete as they may be, are likely to throw more light on the working of the mind and emotions than any amount of speculation ＝hypothese from an ethnologist or ethnological theorist from another culture.
看出A是这句话的同意改写。（要多多读GMAT文章，增强这种同意替换的敏感性）
(A) life stories provide deeper insights into a culture than the hypothesizing of academics who are not members of that culture
(B)life stories can be collected easily and they are not subject to invalid interpretations
(C) ethnologists have a limited number of research methods from which to choose
(D) life stories make it easy to distinguish between the important and unimportant features of a culture
(E) the collection of life stories does not require a culturally knowledgeable investigator
64. Information in the passage suggests that which of the following may be a possible way to eliminate bias in the editing of life stories?说的是减少editing的不好之处，所以定位在三段，
Even more importantly, as these life stories moved from the traditional oral mode to recorded written form, much was inevitably lost. Editors often decided what elements were significant to the field research on a given tribe. Native Americans recognized that the essence of their lives could not be communicated in
English and that events that they thought significant were often deemed unimportant by their interviewers.
可以看出，主观臆断性太强。
(A) Basing all inferences made about the culture on an ethnological theory
(B)Eliminating all of the emotion-laden information reported by the informant
(C) Translating the informant’s words into the researcher’s language
(D) Reducing the number of questions and carefully specifying the content of the questions that the investigator can ask the informant(E) Reporting all of the information that the informant provides regardless of the investigator’s personal opinion about its intrinsic value
65. The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to
这种题目大家有时间要做做总结，看看选项都有哪些表达方式，从而避免在考试的时候遇到有单词不认识而做不对情况，这样比较郁闷哦。
从本文的结构主题出发，都是围绕auto这个方法来的，开始好的，然后提出否定，然后又说其还是很有价值。所以是C。critique版上有同学问，这个词应该理解成evaluating，我查了下MW字典，说是review，criticize的意思，因此不要笼统的理解成批评。（所以整理这一类题目可能的选项表达式应该有意义的）
(A) question an explanation
(B)correct a misconception
(C) critique a methodology
(D) discredit an idea
(E) clarify an ambiguity
66. It can be inferred from the passage that a characteristic of the ethnological research on Native Americans conducted during the nineteenth century was the use of which of the following?这个题目我觉得很难定位，（没有发言权，这个题目我做错的，：（
答案是定位在L31。
(A) Investigators familiar with the culture under study
(B)A language other than the informant’s for recording life stories
(C) Life stories as the ethnologist’s primary source of information
(D) Complete transcriptions of informants’ descriptions of tribal beliefs
(E) Stringent guidelines for the preservation of cultural data
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