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12.SC 我靠我觉得我做得水的一腿,基本全是短划线的额,

1)有一题是选“,which。。。”或者“including。。。”;

2)还有one ,they,这些代词使用的选择,反正题目都超级奇

回忆此预发点:代词

代词 GMAT中最常见的考点,每次见到介词的时候都应检查指代是否清晰。

(一)先行词必须存在

注意有些名词是作为形容词,所有格在用,这样的名词不能做为先行词;名词作

为先行词的条件是该名词一定要具备名词功能。

Eg: The park rangers discussed measures to prevent severe wildfires, which would be

devastating to it. It无指代对象,因为park 在此处是形容词。

(二)先行词和代词并同时有意义

将代词换为先行词,该句子必须还是有意义,说的通

Eg: Although the term”super”may sound wonderful, it is simply and machine that can

produce many products at one. 此处,it指代就有问题,因为super怎么能是机器呢?

(三)代词的指代必须清晰

每一个代词都只能有一个清晰的先行词,如有多个的话,指代是模糊的。

(四)代词和先行词的单复数必须一致

(六)几个要点

1.this, that, these, those 在句子中不能裸奔,必须用作this/that/those/these+n 的结

构才能做代词使用,而这个名词则是能体现先行词性质的词。(this, those, that and

these are never used as a stand-alone pronoun wihout a noun following)

EGNewnano-papersincoporate fibers that give these materials strength.

2.that those 可以表明一个新的copy 关于先行词的,避免重复。

Eg: The money spent by her parents is more than that spent by her children.

3.thathose 表明新copy 的时候一定前后完全一致(包括单复数),否则需要重

复先行词。

EgHer company is outperforming those of her competitors. 错,thosecompany不一

致,应将those替换为companies.

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13.语法:具体题目记不得了,多关注平行结构和比较结构!!其他什么单复数,时态的再放进去考虑基本就能选出来了。
回忆此语法点:平行和比较 (详见前面的笔记)+自己回忆下自己的做题思路 (前面也有提过曼哈顿中的思路,供参考)

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14.改错挺难的,我一道平衡题都没做到,但修饰语的题目有很多

回忆此语法点:修饰语

六、修饰语

(一)形容词和副词

1.形容词修饰名词或者代词,副词修饰除了名词和代词外,其余词均可修饰。

2. GMAT 考试中最长出现的修饰结构:

形容词+形容词+名词:在此结构中,两个形容词均修饰名词

副词+形容词+名词:在此结构中,副词修饰形容词,形容词修饰名词

Eg: James is Maxs supposed Irish ancestor. supposed修饰ancessor,表明j可能是,

也可能不是MAXancesstor.

Maxs grandmother is his supposedly Irish ancesstor.此处supposedly一定要用副词

形式,因为M 的奶奶肯定是M 的祖先,只是不知道是不是他的irish 祖先而已,因

此副词再次修饰形容词了。

常见的形容词+ly 变副词的词语: corresponding, frequent, independent, rare, recent,

seeming, aeperate, significant, supposed, usual.

(二)名词修饰语:形容词、介词短语,过去分词,不加逗号的现在分词,从

句,同位语

前置修饰是GMAT 中最常见的名词性修饰

Eg : Tired from chasing mice, the cat took a nap.

1.名词和其修饰语必须互相靠近,就近修饰;如果修饰语靠近另外一个名词,则

会产生误解。

Eg: Jim biked along an old dirt road to get to his house, which cut through the woods.

To get to his house, Jim biked along an old dirt road, which cut through the woods.

2.每一个名词修饰必须对应一个修饰对象,不能缺乏修饰对象

Resigned to the bad news, thare was no commotion in the office. Wrong

Resigned to the bad news , the office workers made no commotion. Right

3.避免一些列的修饰语修饰一个名词,让两个很长的修饰语修饰一个名词不好

最常见的模式就是:修饰语,修饰语, 主谓宾 必错

而一种常见容易弄错的情形是:修饰语,主语+定语从句,谓宾,这种是对的

另外一种:修饰语,定语从句,主语,修饰语,谓语宾语,这种也对,但少见

注意=:动词修饰语不像名词修饰语,不需要贴近其修饰的主语。

另外,要注意所有格形式,这种形式经常会出现修饰错误,特别注意抽象名词

Eg: Only in the past century has origami’s development, a ceremonial activity

invented millennia ago, into a true art form taken place.此句中,后句不是句子而是一个修

饰结构,由于靠近development,通常会被我们误认为是修饰development.

(三)名词修饰与从句

Which(修饰物),that(不能修饰人), who /whom(修饰人)whoese, where, when

Who: 一般修饰主语; whom: 一般修饰宾语

That/whom:修饰的成分是宾语的时候,是可以省略的

Where: 只能修饰具体的地点, 对于一些虚拟的, condition,

situation,case,circumstance, arrangement,要用in which 修饰好点

When: 可以修饰一个名词时间或时间,如period, age, 1987, decade, 也可以用in

which修饰

限制性名词修饰:无逗号隔开的,用that;

非限制性名词修饰:有逗号隔开的,用which

(四)动词修饰:副词,介词短语,从属结构

从属结构,通过because, although, if, while, so that, while 修饰,有两个重要考点:

1. 主谓语宾要全,因为毕竟是一个句子

2. 不能单独形成一个完整的句子,必须依附于一个主句。

(五)which 和现在分词

1.Which 必须紧跟其修饰的名词,which不能修饰一个句子

2.ing 形式做修饰语

1)做形容词,直接修饰名词

2)可以修饰主语和动词

3)可以修饰一个从句(此时主句若转化为同意名词,这个名词可作为ing

的主语),这种形式就是常见的ing 表示结果的结构。

4ing 形式在主系表结构中,可以修饰其前面紧跟的名词

5ing 形式在主谓宾结构之后,可以表示与谓语动词同时发生,表伴随,此

时其逻辑主语就是主句的主语。

------原版来自曼哈顿语法pp8393

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15.语法遇到了一些破折号用法,there be句型的,重点很模糊,插入语从句考的比较多,颠覆了我对语法的一些看法。。。大家再好好看看这些吧

符号的内容,前面已提到。

there be句型,通常在GMAT中被认为时啰嗦不简洁的方式噢。当然也有例外,有人把所有正确的there be句型给大家总结。但是我在此就不给大家贴出来那些例外啦,免得混淆大家。

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16.特别是语法 一度GWD错的较少 在4 5 个以内(俺不是NN) 这次看到的语法让我恶心的无语。。。有个in an american stepped in romanticism 还是in american 还有个add to 和 detract from的题 后者是在一个逗号之后考的 反正看到我就犯恶心了 哥几个 我题目真有点想不出来 反正很想吐 感觉那种一眼看出平行语法的没遇到几个。。。。。中间还遇到一道超简单的语法 觉得玩蛋死球 掉低分区了无奈心跳太快无法多想

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17.预发似乎考到了prep的原题~~~但是具体有什么真是没印象了

有两个小心得就是,如果一道题里考了很多语法点,比如引导词啊,介词短语或连词啊,动词形式什么的,那么对的选项肯定在每一个部分上都是最优的表达,所以抓住你最确定的语法点去把握~~~

还有就是进了考场就不要去想那些条条框框的语法规则了,相信自己的积累和语感,最后只留一条原则,就是在没有歧义的情况下选择最漂亮简洁表达方式。

这个预发狗主人给的建议很中肯啊~两条建议:(1)选择每部都是最优得表达,抓最确定得预发点去把握。(2)选择最漂亮简洁得表达方式

我借此机会跟大家聊下个人复习的一点体会。NN们就忽略我吧~

让我们来探讨一下吧。对于很多预发题目,排除错误选项的方法有很多,比如在og12上很多时候发现自己排除选项的原因并不是og官方给出的解释,对吧?并不是说我们的方法不对,只是因为我们找到的点可能不是最重要的错误。什么是最重要的错误呢?

我在前面的预发点中曾经摘录了曼哈顿书中的解题思路:预发—>意思—>简洁。

给个og12111例题,这个是我个人的预发总结

Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, was completed a decade later, during the reign of Titus, who opened the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladiatorial games, and spectacles.

(A) which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian,
缺少连词连接began和be completed

(B) officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, begun in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, and
begun这个是完成时态错误用法

(C) which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, and

(D) officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater and begun in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian it
“it”的出现是多余的+begun做为v-ed分词形式和known并列,这个begin做被动分词,不合适。

(E)
officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, which was begun in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, and
连词前面的部分是不完全的,缺少v和后面的v并列+sth be begun这个用法是错的+begun完成时态错

每个选项后面我都根据官方解释标出了错误原因。但是其实我当初判断时用的方法如下:

A 选项 少连词

BDE 选项 中过去分词known直接跟在一个A of B的结构后面容易造成歧义,因为过去分词很有可能被认为去修饰临近的B而非A which引导的定从就会直接指向主语A。而且对于 主语,(分词修饰语,定语从句),谓语~~~ 这种结构想来gmac不喜欢的。

后来我看了og解释,我觉得自己找的这个判断依据不是最重要的,或者说在此题里不算错误级别的。但是当你看到最后正确选项的时候,发现它还是回避了这个不算错误的点。这就证明了,最好的答案,一定是5个选项中各方面都最优的。

(不知道我讲明白没,可能例子不是最好的,但是希望大家能理解我的意思)

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18.题目不记得了,就记得预发点,考了好几个比较级,不管是as...as...还是more...than,这个我复习的不太好,大家一定要好好看


回忆此预发点:比较级

1)倍数的表达

主谓+倍数+as~~as +宾语

主谓+倍数+形容词/比较级 than +宾语

主谓+倍数+形容词对应的表“量”的名词+of +宾语,  比如:the size of/ the length of/ the width of

2)
表倍数的词作v,切记不跟as搭配

double in size / number / value

double the size / number / value

3)
twice的用法

twice as many ... as

twice as much...
as

twice the +名词

twice + what从句

注意asas的平行,比如经常考到as...as that (those) of ......

注意twiceas many as的固定位置

4more than的省略考点

给个例题GWD-16-30,(一些简单的more than用法我就不再放上来了,默认大家都是懂的)

According to public health officials, in 1998 Massachusetts became the first state in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than under it.

A. than

B. than born

C. than they were

D. than there had been

E. than had been born

答案是A

如果将所有省略补全应该是,即比较的的对象是

more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than

more babies were born to women under the age of thirty.
it
指代the age of thirty

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19. 愈发:我碰到许多短句子,感觉么,和OG的感觉差不多,没有什么生僻的考点的感觉(老实说吧啊,姐就看了一遍OG,无视我把)
  记得 平衡的考了许多,还有同位语的,反正抓住主谓一致和句子意思什么的

*平行对称:   上面总结过
*同位语:请回想一下看到同位语要注意的问题比如:位置?同位语结构?,因为位置距离修饰对象远也是错误的原因之一噢

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20.语法我记得有一个是划线 as if,就是科学家们说如果消费者shop credit card as if(as if划线) M...(不记得了,单个名词M开头...)

回忆此预发点:as if

as if :似乎,好像

og上找点相关例题

35. Along with the drop in producer prices announced

yesterday, the strong retail sales figures released

today seem like it is indicative that the economy,

although growing slowly, is not nearing a recession.

(A) like it is indicative that

(B) as if to indicate

(C) to indicate that

(D) indicative of

(E) like an indication of

正确答案:C

117. George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first

European writers to consider the rural poor to be

legitimate subjects for literature and portray these

with sympathy and respect in her novels.

(A) to be legitimate subjects for literature and

portray these

(B) should be legitimate subjects for literature and

portray these

(C) as being legitimate subjects for literature and

portraying them

(D) as if they were legitimate subjects for literature

and portray them

(E) legitimate subjects for literature and to portray

them

正确答案E

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21.语法~~ 好多比较级~  都是 短句子~  但是都不简单!!

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