四、 抓住 "第三词汇"
语法中的功能词对理解句子十分重要,同样文章中那些起组织作用的实义词对理解文章也是非常重要的,因为掌握了它们就可以大大增强阅读理解中的预知下文的能力。我们把这些词称做 "第三词汇"(区别于仅起语法作用的功能词和一般实义词)。抓住了它们,就抓住了文章的核心意思。这类词有很多,其中最常见的有:
achieve, addition, attribute, cause, change, consequence, deny, effect, explanation, fact, form, grounds, instance, kind, manner, matter, mathod, opposite, point, problem, reason, respect, result, same, situation, thing, way.
另外,有人认为"第三词汇"主要是一些"照应名词",其中包括:
abstraction, approach, belief, classification, doctrine, dogma, evaluation, evidence, insight, investigation, illusion, notion, opinion, position, supposition, thery, viewpoint等等。
还有人针对某一文章类型总结出一些 "第三词汇"。比如:在"问题---解决 " 文章模式中,这些 "第三词汇"就更加固定和明确。它们有:
问题:concern, difficulty, dilemma, drawback, hamper, hinder(hindrance), obstacle, problem, snag等。
反应:change, combat(v), come up with, develop, find, measure, respond, response等
解决或结果:answer, consequence, effect, outcome, result, solution, (re)solve等。
评价:(in)effect, manage, overcome, succeed, (un)successful, viable, work(v.)
聚集于 "主张---反主张"文章结构模式中的该类词汇有:claim, state, truth, false, in fact, in reality, believe等等。 |