Q5 to Q7:
According to a theory advanced
by researcher Paul Martin, the wave
of species extinctions that occurred
Line in North America about 11,000 years
(5) ago, at the end of the Pleistocene era,
can be directly attributed to the arrival
of humans, i.e., the Paleoindians, who
were ancestors of modern Native
Americans. However, anthropologist
(10) Shepard Krech points out that large
animal species vanished even in areas
where there is no evidence to demon-
strate that Paleoindians hunted them.
Nor were extinctions confined to large
(15) animals: small animals, plants, and
insects disappeared, presumably not
all through human consumption. Krech
also contradicts Martin’s exclusion of
climatic change as an explanation by
(20) asserting that widespread climatic
change did indeed occur at the end of
the Pleistocene. Still, Krech attributes
secondary if not primary responsibility
for the extinctions to the Paleoindians,
(25) arguing that humans have produced
local extinctions elsewhere. But,
according to historian Richard White,
even the attribution of secondary
responsibility may not be supported
(30) by the evidence. White observes that
Martin’s thesis depends on coinciding
dates for the arrival of humans and the
decline of large animal species, and
Krech, though aware that the dates
(35) are controversial, does not challenge
them; yet recent archaeological
discoveries are providing evidence
that the date of human arrival was
much earlier than 11,000 years ago.
Q7:
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Krech’s objections to Martin’s theory?
A Further studies showing that the climatic change that occurred at the end of the Pleistocene era was even more severe and widespread than was previously believed
B New discoveries indicating that Paleoindians made use of the small animals, plants, and insects that became extinct
C Additional evidence indicating that widespread climatic change occurred not only at the end of the Pleistocene era but also in previous and subsequent eras
D Researchers’ discoveries that many more species became extinct in North America at the end of the Pleistocene era than was previously believed
E New discoveries establishing that both the arrival of humans in North America and the wave of Pleistocene extinctions took place much earlier than 11,000 years ago
Answer: B? E?
CD里coolgirl mm 和fair_sword斑竹的答案都是B. 我选的是E.
K对M的理论有两个Objections:
1．Large animal specious 灭绝在无人地带。并进一步推广到small animals, plants, and insects。
2．Climate change确实在the end of the Pleistocene发生过。
答案B：Paleoindians made use of the small animals, plants, and insects that became extinct。
而文章中16－17行指出“presumably not all through human consumption.”表示K还是承认human consumption对extinctions of small animals, plants, and insects的影响。因此B未能Weaken.
答案E：arrival of humans和 the wave of Pleistocene extinctions都提前了，因此K的Objection 2中提到的Climate Change发生过就无法解释wave of extinction. 可以Weaken。
？？
请大家指点。 | 
