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031. Sartre believed that each individual is responsible for choosing one course of action over another that it is the choice that gives value to the act, and that nothing that is not acted upon has value.

=Sartre believed/ that each individual/ is responsible for choosing one course of action over another/ that it is the choice/ that gives value to the act/, and that nothing/ that is not acted upon/ has value.

# Sartre认为/每一个人/都有责任选择一种行为过程/是这个选择/给予这个行动价值/，任何东西/没有被作用的/都没有价值。

*这个句子短小精悍，从句子分析中可以看出几乎每个词都要考虑。这个句子中一共用了5个that，一环扣一环。而本句的难点则是nothing that is not acted upon has value，双重否定，要认真理解句子的意思。

032. Whereas owners of condominium apartments have free and clear title to their dwellings, owners of cooperative apartments have shares in a corporation that owns a building and leases apartments to them.

=Whereas owners of condominium apartments/ have free and clear title/ to their dwellings/, owners of cooperative apartments/ have shares/ in a corporation/ that owns a building and leases apartments to them.

#鉴于私有公寓的所有者/有自由清晰的所有权/对于他们的住所/，共有公寓的所有者/有股份/在公司里/公司拥有房子并出租房子给他们。

*这个句子不长也很容易理解，但要注意一些细节的把握，如：have title to…单词都认识，但放在一起意思就变了，这个短语的意思是：对…有所有权。我们要注意积累短语，俚语，以便更好的理解句子。

033. Even though its per capita food supply has hardly increased in two decades, stringent rationing and planned distribution have allowed the People’s Republic of China to ensure nutritional levels of 2,000 calories per person per day for its population.

=Even though its per capita food supply/ has hardly increased in two decades/, stringent rationing and planned distribution/ have allowed the People’s Republic of China/ to ensure nutritional levels/ of 2,000 calories per person per day/ for its population.

#尽管人均食品供应/几乎没有增加/在20年里/，严格的配额和有计划的分配/使得中华人民共和国/确保营养标准/每人每天2000卡路里/对于人民。

*这个句子条理清楚容易理解，注意hardly的意思是“几乎没有”，肯定形式表否定意思。

kini

034. Few people realize that the chance of accidental injury or death may be at least as great in the “safety” of their own homes as in a plane or on the road.

=Few people realize/ that the chance of accidental injury or death/ may be at least as great in the “safety” of their own homes/ as in a plane/ or on the road.

#几乎没有人意识到/偶然受伤或死亡的几率/可能至少是一样的在自己家的安全中/和在飞机上/或在路上。

*这个句子不长，比较容易理解，注意把握细节，如：few 表示“几乎没有人”，肯定形式表达否定意思。As great as… 表示“和…一样多”。

035. A fire in an enclosed space burns with the aid of reflected radiation that preheats the fuel, making ignition much easier and causing flames to spread more quickly.

=A fire in an enclosed space/ burns with the aid of reflected radiation/ that preheats the fuel/, making ignition much easier/ and causing flames to spread more quickly.

#在封闭空间燃烧的火/在反射的辐射热能的帮助下燃烧/预热了燃料/使得点燃更加容易/并使得火焰传播的更快。

*这个句子不长，比较容易理解。可能有几个词不知道它的准确含义，但不影响对句意的理解。

036. Roy Wilkins was among the last of a generation of civil rights activists who led the nation through decades of change so profound that many young Americans cannot imagine, much less remember, what segregation was like.

=Roy Wilkins/ was among the last of a generation of civil rights activists/ who led the nation through decades of change/ so profound that many young Americans cannot imagine/, much less remember/, what segregation was like.

# Roy Wilkins/是民权活动激进者时代末尾的一员/ 他领导这个国家经历几十年的变化/影响太深远了以至于很多美国年轻人不能想象/，更不记得/，隔离是什么样的。

*这个句子读起来感觉很长，简单的so… that句型被扩大了，而且又没有逗号，所以感觉很长。这样的句子一定要找好句子的断点，否则一口气读下来却不知所云。

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037. The residents’ opposition to the spraying program has rekindled an old debate between those who oppose the use of pesticides and those who feel that the pesticides are necessary to save the trees.

=The residents’ opposition/ to the spraying program/ has rekindled an old debate/ between those who oppose the use of pesticides/ and those who feel that the pesticides are necessary/ to save the trees.

#居民的反对/对于拨撒计划/再次点燃了一个老的争论/在那些反对用农药的人/和那些人认为农药是必须的/去挽救树木。

*这句话中有两个to，按英文的表达顺序位置没有问题，但按中文的表达顺序to 后的内容应该提前，但没有提前也不影响我们对句子的理解，所以要练习接受英文语序的中文。

038. Slips of the tongue do not necessarily reveal concealed beliefs or intentions but rather result from the competition between various processing mechanisms in the brain.

=Slips of the tongue/ do not necessarily reveal concealed beliefs or intentions/ but rather result from the competition/ between various processing mechanisms in the brain.

#口误/并不一定反映隐瞒的想法或意图/但是却是竞争的结果/在多种多样的处理机构中在头脑中的。

*句子简单明了。do not…but rather…，不是…而是…，句子的中心意思在后面。

039. Small transmitters broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines are now used to monitor the exercise of both heart patients and athletes.

=Small transmitters/ broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines/ are now used to monitor the exercise/ of bothheart patients and athletes.

#小发报机/传送生理机能的测量给近处的记录机器/正被用做监测运动/心脏病人的和运动员的。

*此句简短明了，很容易理解。有个别词，如：exercise要仔细考虑其意思，exercise 有运动和练习的意思，但联系上下文，还是运动的意思符合。对于多义词要认真考虑选择适合上下文的意项。

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040. The commission has directed advertisers to restrict the use of the word “natural” to foods that do not contain color or flavor additives, chemical preservatives, or anything that has been synthesized.

=The commission/ has directed advertisers/ to restrict the use of the word “natural”/ to foods that do not contain color or flavor additives, chemical preservatives, or anything that has been synthesized.

#委员会/已经指导广告制作者/限制natural这个词的使用/对于（这样的）食物没有颜色和味道添加剂，化学防腐剂，或者任何合成的东西。

*此句比较容易理解，注意琢磨一些词，有些词认识就反映不认识就过去。

041. What brought the Ford Motor Company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special price increase that the government sanctioned during a period of wage and price controls.

=What brought the Ford Motor Company back/ from the verge of bankruptcy/ shortly after the Second World War/ was a special price increase/ that the government sanctioned/ during a period of wage and price controls.

#把Ford Motor（福特汽车）公司拉回来的/从破产的边缘/在第二次世界大战刚刚结束后/是一次特殊的物价增长/由政府批准的/在一段时间工资和价格控制。

*这个句子读主要内容很简单，但读起来并不轻松，原因是有很多累赘，我们也只能去粗取精了。有些专有名词认识就反映不认识就过去，不影响我们对句子的理解。

041. The odds are about 4 to 1 against surviving a takeover offer, and many business consultants therefore advise that a company’s first line of defense in eluding such offers be to refuse even to take calls from likely corporate raiders.

＝The odds are about 4 to 1／ against surviving a takeover offer／, and many business consultants therefore advise／ that a company’s first line of defense in eluding such offers／ be to refuse even to take calls from likely corporate raiders.

#比率是大约4比1/反对保留接收提议/并且很多商业顾问因此建议/一个公司的第一道防线躲避这样的提议/是甚至拒绝接受邀请/从可能的公司掠夺者。

*此句很难理解，难点就在于多义词意项的选择，如：odds， against等；短语的意思的确定，如：a takeover offer，a company’s first line of defense，take calls from 等；to 与前面的衔接，如：refuse even to take calls from，读完这个意思才能断句，不能只看前面的to 而忘了后面的to，这样才能正确理解句子的意思。

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042. Japan used the huge sums of capital it received from the United States after the Second World War to help build a modern industrial system.

=Japan used the huge sums of capital/ it received from the United States/ after the Second World War/ to help build a modern industrial system.

#日本用大量的资金/从美国接受的/在二战后/去帮助建设一个现代化的工业系统。

*此句很简单，容易理解。注意多义词capital等的理解。像the huge sums of 这样表示数量多少的短语，我们只要大概知道它是表示多还是少就行了。

043. Although the Supreme Court ruled as long ago as 1880 that Blacks could not be excluded outright from jury service, nearly a century of case-by-case adjudication has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be drawn from “a fair cross section of the community.”

=Although the Supreme Court ruled as long ago as 1880/ that Blacks could not be excluded outright from jury service/, nearly a century of case-by-case adjudication has been necessary to develop/ and enforce the principle/ that all juries must be drawn from “a fair cross section of the community.”

#尽管最高法院早在1880年就规定/黑人不能被排除从陪审团服务中/，然而近一个世纪一个个案件的审判有必要发展/同时加强这个原则/所有的陪审团成员必须选出来从对于团体来说公平的部分中。

*此句比较难理解，不仅仅因为句子长，还因为很多法律术语拿不准，有些可以认识就反映不认识就过去，有些则渗透文化内涵，如：a fair cross section of the community，其中section和 community具体指的是什么恐怕只有问问老外才能知道，我们这里只能从字面理解它的意思。

044. Nowhere in Prakta is the influence of modern European architecture more apparent than in its government buildings.

=Nowhere in Prakta/ is the influence of modern European architecture/ more apparent/ than in its government buildings.

#在 Prakta/现代欧洲建筑的影响/最明显的是/它的政府大楼。

*此句短小精悍，难点是Nowhere…is more… than…意思是：没有什么地方比…更…，也就是说…是最…的。注意类似的句子，要反向理解。

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045. Federal legislation establishing a fund for the cleanup of sites damaged by toxic chemicals permits compensating state governments for damage to their natural resources but does not allow claims for injury to people.

=Federal legislation establishing a fund/ for the cleanup of sites/ damaged by toxic chemicals/ permits compensating state governments /for damage to their natural resources/ but does not allow claims for injury to people.

#联邦法律建立了一个资金/清理这些地点/被有毒化学物质损坏的/允许补偿州政府/为对他们自然资源的损害/但不允许索赔为个人伤害。

*这句话比较容易理解，for用的较多，注意理解英文语序的中文。

046. The lawyer for the defense charged that she suspected the police of having illegally taped her confidential conversations with her client and then of using the information they had obtained to find evidence that would support their murder charges.

=The lawyer for the defense charged/ that she suspected the police/ of having illegally taped her confidential conversations with her client/ and then of using the information/ they had obtained/ to find evidence/ that would support their murder charges.

#辩护律师指控/她怀疑警察/非法录下了她和她客户的秘密谈话/并且用这些信息/他们获得的/去找到证据/支持他们的谋杀指控。

*这句话讲的是和法律有关的事，murder的出现，令人毛骨悚然。但仔细琢磨意思并不难理解，注意charge这个多义词的理解，本句中 charge 出现了两次，词性也不一样。

047. According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979, twice the number reported in the 1977 survey.

=According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse/, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979/, twice the number reported in the 1977 survey.

#根据调查国家吸毒研究学会的/大约百分之二十的年轻人吸食可卡因在1979年/，这个数字翻番在1977年的调查中。

*这个句子很容易理解，像the National Institute on Drug Abuse的专有名词可以不管它，认识与否都不影响我们对句意的理解。

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048. Inflation has made many Americans reevaluate their assumptions about the future; they still expect to live better than their parents did, but not so well as they once thought they could.

=Inflation/ has made many Americans/ reevaluate their assumptions about the future/; they still expect to live better/ than their parents did/, but not so well as they once thought they could.

#通货膨胀/已经使很多美国人/重新定位他们对未来的期望/；他们仍然期望过的更好/比他们的父母/但并没有他们想象的那么好。

*这个句子不长，意思也很简单。但注意句中的两个比较：一个是live better than，就是通常的比较级，容易理解；另一个是not so well as，as well as 是和…一样好，加个not表示不如…好，而不是和…一样不好。

049. Europeans have long known that eating quail sometimes makes the eater ill, but only recently has it been established that the illness is caused by a toxin present in the quail’s body only under certain conditions.

=Europeans have long known/ that eating quail sometimes makes the eater ill/, but only recently has it been established/ that the illness is caused by a toxin/ present in the quail’s body/ only under certain conditions.

#欧洲人很早就知道/吃鹌鹑有时使得吃的人得病/，但是直到最近才知道/这个病是有一种毒素引起的/存在于鹌鹑的体内/只有在某些条件下。

*这句话比较简单，前后意思相对，句子的重心在后面。有个难点but only recently has it been established，不要想语法，只要考虑内容，“最近才明白”，并不难理解。

050. In an assessment of the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question of whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant.

=In an assessment/ of the problems faced by rural migrant workers/, the question of whether they are better off materially/ than the urban working poor/ is irrelevant.

#在一个评价里/关于农村移民工人面临的问题/，这个问题是否他们物质上更富有/比城市里的贫穷的工作者/没有提到。

*这个句子很短，意思很简单，irrelevant加了一个否定的前缀，所以表达出否定的意思，这个句子本身仍然是肯定句。

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051. In England the well-dressed gentleman of the eighteenth century protected his clothing while having his wig powdered by poking his head through a device that resembled the stocks.

=In England the well-dressed gentleman of the eighteenth century/ protected his clothing/ while having his wig powdered/ by poking his head/ through a device/ that resembled the stocks.

#在英国穿的很好绅士18世纪的/保护他的衣服/当他的假发擦粉时/通过把他的头插入一种机器/像足枷。

*这个句子意思比较简单，但有丰富的文化内涵，像stocks的意思是“足枷”是一种刑具，不了解文化是无法知道“足枷”到底是什么东西。但对我们理解大意并没有影响。

052. According to a recent United States study, identical twins reared apart from each other showed striking similarities, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

=According to a recent United States study/, identical twins/ reared apart from each other/ showed striking similarities/, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

#根据美国最近一份研究/，同卵双胞胎/不在一起长大/表现出惊人的相似/，包括很多行为癖好。

*这个句子意思比较简单，猜也可以猜的八九不离十，但要想精确了解句意，则需要准确理解一些词，如：identical， idiosyncrasies 等。

053. Developing nations in various parts of the world have amassed $700 billion in debts; at stake, should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks.

=Developing nations in various parts of the world/ have amassed $700 billion in debts/; at stake/, should a significant number of these debts be repudiated/, is the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks.

#发展中国家在世界的很多部分/已经积累了7000亿债务/；在冒险/，如果这么大数额的债务被拒绝偿付/，偿付能力一些世界最大的跨国银行的。

*这个句子比较复杂，不容易理解。at stake 和is the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks 是一句话，被 should a significant number of these debts be repudiated 分开了，但读的时候要把着两部分连在一起读，否则就很难理解句子的意思。

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054. South Korea has witnessed the world’s most dramatic growth of Christian congregations; church membership is expanding by 6.6 percent a year, fully two-thirds of the growth coming from conversions rather than increases in the population.

=South Korea has witnessed/ the world’s most dramatic growth of Christian congregations/; church membership is expanding by 6.6 percent a year/, fully two-thirds of the growth coming from conversions /rather than increases in the population.

#韩国已经成为/世界上Christian congregations（基督会众）增长速度最快的地方/；教堂成员每年扩大6.6%/，三分之二的增长来自皈依/而不是人口的增加。

*这个句子是关于宗教方面的，有一些宗教术语，如：Christian congregations（基督会众），这类词认识就反映不认识就过去，并不影响我们对句子的理解。

055.Many investors base their choice between bonds and stocks on comparisons of bond yields with the dividends available on common stocks.

= Many investors base their choice/ between bonds and stocks/ on comparisons of bond yields/ with the dividends available on common stocks.

#很多投资者选择/在债券和股票中/通过比较债券利润/和红利普通股票可得的。

*这个句子比较短，容易理解。但要注意细节的理解，如：on comparisons …with 是用… 和…相比，不要因为中间有东西把它隔开就看不出这个句型了。

056. Some of the tenth-century stave churches of Norway are still standing, demonstrating that with sound design and maintenance, wooden buildings can last indefinitely.

= Some of the tenth-century stave churches of Norway/ are still standing/, demonstrating/ that with sound design and maintenance/, wooden buildings can last indefinitely.

#一些10世纪的木制教堂挪威的/仍然耸立着/，证明/有坚固的设计和保护/，木制的建筑物能无限期的保持下去。

*句子虽然很短，但是几乎每个词都需要考虑。意思比较简单，容易理解。

kini

057. In the United States, trade unions encountered far more intense opposition in their struggle for social legitimacy than did the organized labor movements of most other democratic nations.

= In the United States/, trade unions/ encountered far more intense opposition/ in their struggle for social legitimacy/ than did the organized labor movements of most other democratic nations.

#在美国，贸易组织/实施强烈反对多得多/在他们对社会合法性的斗争中/比有组织的劳工运动绝大多数民主国家的。

*这个句子很短，大意比较容易掌握，注意有些词的意思要仔细琢磨。

058.In the most common procedure for harvesting forage crops such as alfalfa, as much as 20 percent of the leaf and small-stem material, the most nutritious parts of the plant, shatters and falls to the ground.

= In the most common procedure for harvesting forage crops/ such as alfalfa/, as much as 20 percent of the leaf and small-stem material/, the most nutritious parts of the plant/, shatters and falls to the ground.

#用最通常的步骤收割牛马的饲料作物/如苜蓿/，有多达20%的叶子和短小茎杆这样的东西/，最有营养的部分这个植物的/，散落在地上。

*这个句子比较容易理解，但注意一些细节，如：as much as像…那样多，也就是，有多达…

059. To ensure consistently high quality in its merchandise, the chain of retail stores became involved in every aspect of its suppliers’ operations, dictating not only the number of stitches and the width of the hem in every garment but also the profit margins of those suppliers.

= To ensure consistently high quality/ in its merchandise/, the chain of retail stores/ became involved in every aspect of its suppliers’ operations/, dictating not only the number of stitches/ and the width of the hem in every garment/ but also the profit margins of those suppliers.

#为了确保长期的高品质/它的商品的/，零售商店的限制/变得涉及方方面面供货者的工作/，不但指定针码的数目/滚边的宽度每一件衣服的/还指定供货者的利润。

*这个句子比较难理解，生词并不多，但很多词的含义需仔细推敲，如果选错了意项，可能差之毫厘，谬之千里。例如：the chain of retail stores，chain这个词有锁链的意思，由此引申出“连锁”和“限制”的意思。the chain of retail stores是零售商店连锁的意思吗？看了后面我们就可以发现，句子讲的是零售商店对供货着的限制，所以chain在这里是“限制”的意思。还有Dictate 这个词，有听写，独裁，指定的意思，根据上下文我们发现“指定”符合原文意思，故选之。有的难句，单词都认识而却不能理解句子的意思，这种句子要尤其注意。提高方法是联系上下文选择单词的正确义项。