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2. 22. Which of the following best completes the passage below?
People buy prestige when they buy a premium product. They want to be associated with something special. Mass-marketing techniques and price-reduction strategies should not be used because____.

A. affluent purchasers currently represent a shrinking portion of the population of all purchasers
B. continued sales depend directly on the maintenance of an aura of exclusivity
C. purchasers of premium products are concerned with the quality as well as with the price of the products
D. expansion of the market niche to include a broader spectrum of consumers will increase profits
E. manufacturing a premium brand is not necessarily more costly than manufacturing a standard brand of the same product

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3. Which of the following best completes the passage below?
Established companies concentrate on defending what they already have. Consequently, they tend not to be innovative themselves and tend to underestimate the effects of the innovations of others. The clearest example of this defensive strategy is the fact that___.

A. ballpoint pens and soft-tip markers have eliminated the traditional market for fountain pens, clearing the way for the marketing of fountain pens as luxury or prestige items
B. a highly successful automobile was introduced by the same company that had earlier introduced a model that had been a dismal failure
C. a once-successful manufacturer of slide rules reacted to the introduction of electronic calculators by trying to make better slide rules
D. one of the first models of modern accounting machines, designed for use in the banking industry, was purchased by a public library as well as by banks
E. the inventor of a commonly used anesthetic did not intend the product to be used by dentists, who currently account for almost the entire market for that drug.

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4.(Z)Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?

Davison River farmers are currently deciding between planting winter wheat this fall or spring wheat next spring.  Winter wheat and spring wheat are usually about equally profitable.  Because of new government restrictions on the use of Davison River water for irrigation, per acre yields for winter wheat, though not for spring wheat, would be much lower than average.  Therefore, planting spring wheat will be more profitable than planting winter wheat, since‗‗‗‗‗‗.

A.        the smaller-than-average size of a winter wheat harvest this year would not be compensated for by higher winter wheat prices
B.        new crops of spring wheat must be planted earlier than the time at which standing crops of winter wheat are ready to be harvested
C.        the spring wheat that farmers in the Davison River region plant is well adapted to the soil of the region
D.        spring wheat has uses that are different from those of winter wheat
E.        planting spring wheat is more profitable than planting certain other crops, such as rye

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5.(Z)Which of the following most logically completes the passage below?

Heavy rains during Centralia’s corn planting season prevented some farmers there from planting corn.  It is now the planting season for soybeans, another of Centralia’s principal crops, and those fields originally intended for corn are dry enough for planting.  Nonetheless, even though soybean prices are unusually high at present, the farmers will leave most of these fields empty rather than plant them with soybeans, since ‗‗‗‗‗‗.

A.        the extensive rains have led to an increase in the price of corn
B.        some Centralian farmers anticipate serious financial losses due to the extremely wet spring planting season
C.        chemicals that were used to prepare the fields for corn planting would stunt the growth of soybeans
D.        the majority of Centralia’s corn farmers were able to plant corn as they had intended, despite the wet planting season
E.        many Centralian farmers grow both corn and soybeans

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6.(Z)Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

Garnet and RenCo each provide health care for their employees.  Garnet pays for both testing of its employees’ cholesterol levels and treatment of high cholesterol.  This policy saves Garnet money, since high cholesterol left untreated for many years leads to conditions that require very expensive treatment.  However, RenCo dose not have the same financial incentive to adopt such a policy, because ______.

A.        early treatment of high cholesterol dose not entirely eliminate the possibility of a stroke later in life
B.        the mass media regularly feature stories encouraging people to maintain diets that are low in cholesterol
C.        RenCo has significantly more employees than Garnet has
D.        RenCo’s employees are unlikely to have higher cholesterol levels than Garnet’s employees
E.        the average length of time an employee stays with RenCo is less than it is with Garnet

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7.(Z)Which of following most logically completes the argument?

The last members of a now-extinct species of a European wild deer called the giant deer lived in Ireland about 16,000 years ago.  Prehistoric cave paintings in France depict this animal as having a large hump on its back.  Fossils of this animal, however, do not show any hump.  Nevertheless, there is no reason to conclude that the cave paintings are therefore inaccurate in this regard, since ______.

A.        some prehistoric cave paintings in France also depict other animals as having a hump
B.        fossils of the giant deer are much more common in Ireland than in France
C.        animal humps are composed of fatty tissue, which dose not fossilize
D.        the cave paintings of the giant deer were painted well before 16,000 years ago
E.        only one currently existing species of deer has any anatomical feature that even remotely resembles a hump

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8.(Z)Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

The irradiation of food kills bacteria and thus retards spoilage.  However, it also lowers the nutritional value of many foods.  For example, irradiation destroys a significant percentage of whatever vitamin B1 a food may contain.  Proponents of irradiation point out that irradiation is no worse in this respect than cooking.  However, this fact is either beside the point, since much irradiated food is eaten raw, or else misleading, since _______.
A.        many of the proponents of irradiation are food distributors who gain from food’s having a longer shelf life
B.        it is clear that killing bacteria that may be present on food is not the only effect that irradiation has
C.        cooking is usually the final step in preparing food for consumption, whereas irradiation serves to ensure a longer shelf life for perishable foods
D.        certain kinds of cooking are, in fact, even more destructive of vitamin B1 than carefully controlled irradiation is
E.        for food that is both irradiated and cooked, the reduction of vitamin B1 associated with either process individually is compounded

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9.(Z)Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?

According to promotional material published by the city of Springfield, more tourists stay in hotels in Springfield than stay in the neighboring city of Harristown.  A brochure from the largest hotel in Harristown claims that more tourists stay in that hotel than stay in the Royal Arms Hotel in Springfield.  If both of these sources are accurate, however, the county’s “Report on Tourism” must be in error in indicating that _______.

A.        more tourists stay in hotel accommodations in Harristown than stay in the Royal Arms Hotel
B.        the Royal Arms Hotel is the only hotel in Springfield
C.        there are several hotels in Harristown that are larger than the Royal Arms Hotel
D.        some of the tourists who have stayed in hotels in Harristown have also stayed in the Royal Arms Hotel
E.        some hotels in Harristown have fewer tourist guests each year than the Royal Arms Hotel has

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10.(Z)Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

Each species of moth has an optimal body temperature for effective flight, and when air temperatures fall much below that temperature, the moths typically have to remain inactive on vegetation for extended periods, leaving them highly vulnerable to predators.  In general, larger moths can fly faster than smaller ones and hence have a better chance of evading flying predators, but they also have higher optimal body temperatures, which explains why ______.

A.        large moths are generally able to maneuver better in flight than smaller moths
B.        large moths are proportionally much more common in warm climates than in cool climates
C.        small moths are more likely than large moths to be effectively camouflaged while on vegetation
D.        large moths typically have wings that are larger in proportion to their body size than smaller moths do
E.        most predators of moths prey not only on several different species of moth but also on various species of other insects

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练习题：
1. Which of the following best completes the passage below?

At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent. What must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, is that ___________.
(A) any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay
(B) any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage
(C) the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents
(D) all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present.
(E) environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible