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5. Since the mayor's publicity campaign for Greenville's bus service began six months ago, morning automobile traffic into the midtown area of the city has decreased 7 percent. During the same period, there has been an equivalent rise in the number of persons riding buses into the midtown area. Obviously, [url=]the mayor's publicity campaign has convinced many people to leave their cars at home and ride the bus to work.[/url][c1]

Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious Doubt on the conclusion drawn above?

(A)[url=] Fares for all bus routes[/url][c2] in Greenville have risen an average of 5 percent during the past six months.

[url=](8)[/url][c3] The mayor of Greenville rides the bus to City Hall in the city's midtown area.

(C)[url=] Road reconstruction[/url][c4] has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months. C

[url=](D)[/url][c5] The number of buses entering the midtown area of Greenville during the morning hours is exactly the same no was it was one year ago.

(E) Surveys show that longtime bus riders are no more [url=]satisfied with the Greenville bus service[/url][c6] than they were before the mayor's publicity campaign began

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[c1]因果型结论

[c2]不能说明情况，文中涉及的是midtown area

[c3]无关

[c4]其他原因导致的结果

[c5]Support

[c6]顽固

老卖年糕

[url=]11.[/url][c1] Shelby Industries manufactures and sells the same gauges as Jones Industries. Employee wages account for 40 percent of the cost of manufacturing gauges at both Shelby Industries and Jones Industries. Shelby Industries is seeking a competitive advantage over Jones Industries. Therefore,[url=] to promote this end, Shelby Industries should lower employee wages.[/url][c2]

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?

(A) Because they make a small number of precision instruments, gauge manufacturers cannot receive volume discounts on[url=] raw materials [/url][c3] .

[url=](B)[/url][c4] Lowering wages would reduce the quality of employee work, and this reduced quality would lead to lowered sales. B

[url=](C) [/url][c5] Jones Industries has taken away 20 percent of Shelby Industries' business over the last year.

[url=](D)[/url][c6] Shelby Industries pays its employees, on average, 10 percent more than does Jones

Industries.

[url=](E)[/url][c7] Many people who work for manufacturing plants live in areas in which the manufacturing plant they work for is the only industry.

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[c1]推理链：S和J生产同样的商品，员工的工资占成本的40%
S要提高优势  结论

[c2]结论

[c3]无关

[c4]直接weaken结论

[c5]无关

[c6]Support

[c7]并不能说明降低工资对生产的影响

老卖年糕

15. In an attempt to promote the widespread use of paper rather than plastic, and thus reduce non-biodegradable waste, the council of a small town [url=]plans to ban the[/url]

sale of disposable plastic goods for which substitutes made of paper exist[c1] . The council argues that since most paper is entirely biodegradable, paper goods are

environmentally preferable.

Which of the following, if true, indicates that the plan to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods is ill suited to the town council's environmental goals?

[url=](A) [/url][c2] Although biodegradable plastic goods are now available, members of the town council believe biodegradable paper goods to be safer for the environment.

[url=](8) [/url][c3] The paper factory at which most of the townspeople are employed plans to increase

production of biodegradable paper goods.

(C) After other towns enacted similar bans on the sale of plastic goods, the environmental benefits were [url=]not discernible for several years.[/url][c4]

[url=](D) [/url][c5] Since most townspeople prefer plastic goods to Paper goods in many instances, they are likely to purchase them in neighboring towns where plastic goods are available for sale. D

[url=](El[/url][c6] Products other than those derived from wood pulp are often used in the manufacture of paper goods that are entirely biodegradable.

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[c1]因果型结论

[c2]Support

[c3]Support

[c4]不代表the ban无效

[c5]割断因果

[c6]无关

老卖年糕

16. Since the deregulation of airlines, delays at the nation's increasingly busy airports have increased by 25 percent. To combat this problem, [url=]more of the takeoff and landing slots at the busiest airports must be allocated to commercial airlines.[/url][c1]

Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the effectiveness of the solution proposed above?

(A)The major causes of delays at the nation's busiest airports are[url=] bad weather and overtaxed air traffic control equipment. A[/url][c2]

[url=](B)[/url][c3] Since airline deregulation began, the number of airplanes in operation has increased by 25 percent.

[url=](C)[/url][c4] Over 60 percent of the takeoff and landing slots at the nation's busiest airports are reserved for commercial airlines.

[url=](D)[/url][c5] After a small Mid western airport doubled its allocation of takeoff and landing slots, the

number of delays that were reported decreased by 50 percent.

[url=](E)[/url][c6] Since deregulation the average length of delay at the nation's busiest airports has doubled.

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[c1]结论

[c2]其他原因造成的，直接weaken结论

[c3]没有weaken结论，结论就是说要把更多的飞机分配到商业线上

[c4]同B

[c5]Support

[c6]无关，因为delay还是存在

老卖年糕

18. Unlike the wholesale price of raw wool, the wholesale price of raw cotton has fallen considerably in the last year. Thus, although the retail price of cotton clothing at retail clothing stores has not yet fallen , [url=]it will inevitably fall.[/url][c1]

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

[url=](A)[/url][c2] The cost of processing raw cotton for cloth has increased during the last year .A

[url=](8) [/url][c3] The wholesale price of raw wool is typically higher than that of the same volume of raw

cotton.

[url=](C) [/url][c4] The operating costs of the average retail clothing store have remained constant during

the last year.

[url=](0)[/url][c5] Changes in retail prices always lag behind changes in wholesale prices.

[url=](E)[/url][c6] The cost of harvesting raw cotton has increased in the last year.

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[c1]因果型结论

[c2]成本升高，所以价格升高，weaken结论

[c3]无关

[c4]Support

[c5]Support

[c6]包括在the wholesale cost里面

老卖年糕

20. Start-up companies financed by venture capitalists have a much lower failure rate than companies financed by other means. [url=]Source of financing,
therefore, must be a more important causative factor
in the success of a start-up company than are such
factors[/url][c1] as the personal characteristics of the
entrepreneur, the quality of strategic planning, or the

management structure of the company.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

(A) Venture capitalists tend to be [url=]more responsive [/url][c2] than other sources of financing to changes in a start-up company's financial needs.

(8) The[url=] strategic planning[/url][c3] of a start-up company is a less important factor in the long-term success of the company than are the personal characteristics of the entrepreneur.

[url=](C) [/url][c4] More than half of all new companies fail within five years.

[url=](D) [/url][c5] The management structures of start-up companies are generally less formal than the

management structures of ongoing businesses.

(E)Venture capitalists[url=] base their decisions [/url][c6] to fund start-up companies on such factors as the characteristics of the entrepreneur and quality of strategic planning of the company. E

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[c1]因果型结论

[c2]无关

[c3]无关

[c4]无关

[c5]无关

[c6]直接weaken结论

老卖年糕

X22. In the arid land along the Colorado River, use of the river's water supply is strictly controlled: farms along the river each have a limited allocation that they are allowed to use for irrigation. But the trees that grow in narrow strips along the river's banks also use its

water. Clearly, therefore, [url=]if farmers were to remove those trees, more water would be available for crop irrigation.[/url][c1]

Which of the following , if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

[url=](A)[/url][c2] The trees along the river's banks shelter it from the sun and wind , thereby greatly reducing the amount of water lost through evaporation . A

[url=](8) [/url][c3] Owners of farms along the river will probably not undertake the expense of cutting down trees along the banks unless they are granted a greater allocation of water in return .

[url=](C)[/url][c4] Many of the tree species currently found along the river's banks are specifically adapted to growing in places where tree roots remain constantly wet.

[url=](0) [/url][c5] The strip of land where trees grow along the river's banks would not be suitable for growing crops if the trees were removed.

[url=](E)[/url][c6] The distribution of water allocations for irrigation is intended to prevent farms farther upstream from using water needed by farms farther downstream.

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[c1]条件型结论

[c2]条件不充分，tree并不是可以用到更多的水，而是它本身消耗少

[c3]无关

[c4]Support

[c5]文中讨论的是available water，不是available arable land

[c6]无关

老卖年糕

24. Automobile Dealer's Advertisement: The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has
the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class. This shows that [url=]the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.[/url][c1]

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?

[url=](A)[/url][c2] The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.

[url=](B)[/url][c3] In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class.

[url=](C) [/url][c4] Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars. C

[url=](D) [/url][c5] The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced.

[url=](E)[/url][c6] The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.

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[c1]因果型结论

[c2]Support

[c3]无关

[c4]显示因果的资料有误

[c5]没有weaken

[c6]无关

老卖年糕

26. Editorial: The mayor plans to deactivate the city's fire alarm boxes, because most calls received from them are false alarms. The mayor claims that the alarm boxes are no longer necessary, since most people now have access to either public or private telephones. But the city's commercial district, where[url=] there is the greatest risk of fire, has few residents and[/url]

few public telephones[c1] , [url=]so some alarm boxes are still necessary.[/url][c2]

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the editorial's argument?

(A)[url=] Maintaining [/url][c3] the fire alarm boxes costs the city more than five million dollars annually.

[url=](B) [/url][c4] Commercial buildings have automatic fire alarm systems that are linked directly to the fire department.  B

[url=](C)[/url][c5] The fire department gets less information from an alarm box than it does from a telephone call.

[url=](Dl[/url][c6] The city's fire department is located much closer to the residential areas than to the

commercial district.

[url=](El [/url][c7] On average, almost 25 percent of the public telephones in the city are out of order.

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[c1]Reasoning

[c2]因果型结论

[c3]无关

[c4]割断因果

[c5]无关

[c6]无关

[c7]无关

老卖年糕

[url=]X[/url]27[c1] . State spokesperson: Many business people who have not been to our state believe that [url=]we have an inadequate road system. Those people are mistaken[/url][c2] , as is obvious from the fact that in each of the past six years, our state has spent more money per mile on

road improvements than any other state.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the reasoning in the spokesperson's argument?

[url=](Al [/url][c3] In the spokesperson's state, spending on road improvements has been increasing more slowly over the past six years than it has in several other states.

(8l Adequacy of a state's road system is generally less important to a businessperson considering doing business there than is the availability of [url=]qualified employees.[/url][c4]

[url=](C)[/url][c5] Over the past six years, numerous businesses have left the spokesperson's state, but about as many businesses have moved into the state.

(Dl In general, the number of miles of road in a state's road system depends on both [url=]the area and the population of the state.[/url][c6]

(El Only states with seriously inadequate road systems need to spend [url=]large amounts [/url][c7] of money on road improvements. E

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[c1]两个答案之中，选和文章有明显相关之处的选项！

[c2]因果型结论

[c3]没有weaken

[c4]无关

[c5]无关

[c6]不影响the argument

[c7]因果颠倒，bingo