[逻辑资料] O G 1 2 CR 分类

老卖年糕

题号与书中的序号一致所有分类都是先OG12综合再到og12版语文，所以每个分类后半部分题目题号又是从头开始的

一．MUST BE TRUE
题号：共4题 31,33,56,12

二．MAIN CONCLUSION：题号：共11题
26, 66，70,91,101,102,19,43,57，64，75

主旨题原意改写包括以下几种情况：

1、
题干和题干之间的比较，答案也是比较类型的原意改写。

2、
题干是A-B-C的推理，答案就是A-C的改写。

3、
题干是A-B，答案就是A或B的原意改写，或者是A-B的原意改写。

4、
数学相关的题目，往往由数字的表述改为比例、比较的论述。

5、
充分必要条件需要注意：原命题和对应的逆否命题都是正确的。及若A推出B，则非B也能推出非A。

6、
公共元素直推：把自己不懂的内容简单写到纸上。

因此，这类题的答案内容大部分都在原文出现过（或者为改写）。

老卖年糕

X25. Many breakfast cereals are fortified with vitamin supplements. Some of these cereals provide 100 percent of the recommended daily requirement of vitamins. Nevertheless,[url=] a well-balanced breakfast, including a variety of foods, is a better source of those vitamins than are such fortified breakfast cereals alone.[/url][c1]

Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the position above?

[url=](A)[/url][c2] In many foods, the natural combination of vitamins with other nutrients makes those

vitamins more usable by the body than are vitamins added in vitamin supplements. A

(B) People who regularly eat cereals fortified with vitamin supplements[url=] sometimes neglect[/url][c3] to eat the foods in which the vitamins occur naturally.

[url=](C)[/url][c4] Foods often must be fortified with vitamin supplements because naturally occurring

vitamins are removed during processing.

(D) Unprocessed cereals are naturally high in several of the vitamins that are usually [url=]added to fortified breakfast cereals.[/url][c5]

(E) Cereals containing vitamin supplements are [url=]no harder to [/url][c6] digest than similar cereals without added vitamins.

---

[c1]结论，前提和结论关系不大

[c2]直接support结论，自然结合多种维生素的比人工添加的好

[c3]没有support

[c4]Weaken

[c5]没有support

[c6]没有support

老卖年糕

21. Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers. Basing their judgment on the fact that different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles, researchers have concluded that [url=]the bowerbirds’ building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.[/url][c1]

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the researchers?

[url=](A)[/url][c2] There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the bower-building styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied most extensively.

(B) Young male bowerbirds are inept at bower building and apparently spend years [url=]watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower style.[/url][c3] B

[url=](C)[/url][c4] The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers and ornamentation characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird.

(D) Bowerbirds are found only in New Guinea and Australia, where local populations of the birds apparently[url=] seldom have contac[/url][c5] t with one another.

(E) It is well known that the[url=] song dialects [/url][c6] of some songbirds are learned rather than transmitted genetically.

---

[c1]因果型结论

[c2]没有support

[c3]显示因果的资料是正确的

[c4]无关

[c5]无关

[c6]无关

老卖年糕

∆，[url=]13.[/url][c1] In Swartkans territory, archaeologists discovered charred bone fragments dating back one million years. Analysis of the fragments, which came from a variety of animals, showed that they had been heated to temperatures no higher than those produced in

experimental campfires made from branches of white stinkwood, the most common tree around Swartkans.

Which of the following, if true,[url=] would, together with the information above, provide the best basis for the claim[/url][c2] that [url=]the charred bone fragments are evidence of the use of fire by early hominids[/url][c3] ?

(A) The white stinkwood tree is used for building material by[url=] the present-day[/url][c4] inhabitants of

Swartkans.

(B) Forest fires can heat wood to [url=]a range of temperatures[/url][c5] that occur in campfires.

(C) The bone fragments were fitted together by the archaeologists to form the complete skeletons of[url=] several animals[/url][c6] .

[url=](D) [/url][c7] Apart from the Swartkans discovery, there is reliable evidence that early hominids used fire as many as 500,000 years ago.

[url=](E) [/url][c8] The bone fragments were found in several distinct layers of limestone that contained primitive cutting tools known to have been used by early hominids. E

---

[c1]具体性 推理链：考古发现CB
来自于多种动物，分析发现他们曾被heated，温度不高于燃烧某种树产生的温度    结论

[c2]少见的问法

[c3]结论在问题中

[c4]无关

[c5]Weaken

[c6]无关

[c7]Weaken

[c8]Og：this information links Early homicide to these bone，所以strengthen the argument

老卖年糕

11. Wood smoke contains dangerous toxins that cause changes in human cells. Because wood smoke presents such a high health risk,[url=] legislation is needed to regulate the use of open-air fires and wood-burning stoves.[/url][c1]

Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument above?

(A) The amount of dangerous toxins contained in wood smoke is much less than the amount contained in an equal volume of[url=] automobile exhaust.[/url][c2]

(B) Within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation, most heating and cooking [url=]is done with oil or natural gas[/url][c3] .

[url=](C) [/url][c4] Smoke produced by coal-burning stoves is significantly more toxic than smoke from wood burning Stoves.

(D)[url=] No significant beneficial effect[/url][c5] on air quality would result if open-air fires were banned within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation.

[url=](E)[/url][c6] In valleys where wood is used as the primary heating fuel, the concentration of smoke results in poor air quality. E

---

[c1]因果型结论

[c2]无关

[c3]割断因果，weaken

[c4]两个都是stove，Little effect

[c5]Weaken

[c6]Support the reasoning

老卖年糕

X6. [url=]The amount of time it takes for most of a worker’s occupational knowledge and skills to become obsolete has been declining because of the introduction of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT)[/url][c1] . Given the rate at which AMT is currently being introduced in manufacturing, the average worker’s old skills become obsolete and new skills are required within as little as[url=] five years.[/url][c2]

Which of the following plans, if feasible, would allow a company to prepare most effectively for the rapid obsolescence of skills described above?

(A) The company will develop [url=]a program[/url][c3] to offer selected employees the opportunity to receive training six years after they were originally hired.

(B) The company will increase [url=]its investment [/url][c4] in AMT every year for a period of at least five years.

[url=](C)[/url][c5] The company will periodically survey its employees to determine how the introduction of AMT has affected them.

[url=](D)[/url][c6] Before the introduction of AMT, the company will institute an educational program to inform its employees of the probable consequences of the introduction of AMT.

[url=](E) The company will ensure that it can offer its employees any training necessary for meeting their job requirements.[/url][c7] E

---

[c1]因果型结论

[c2]对数词，百分比等要有敏感度

[c3]无关

[c4]无关

[c5]无关

[c6]Weaken

[c7]弥补GAP，如果保证员工都有工作所需的知识和技术，那AMT就没有作用了，AMT在于保证技术和知识的更新时间小于五年

Reasoning：It should be clear that some type of training or retraining will be involved, since (at least in certain types of industry) it is unlikely that any company in that industry can afford to avoid introducing AMT if its market competitors are doing so.

老卖年糕

四．SUPPORT
看原文及找答案：同WEAKEN
TEST：问自己，选项是否在某方面帮助了作者
几种特殊类型
原文前提和结论关系不密切：正确选项直接support结论
因果型结论：即原文给出两件事，然后得出结论说是一件事（因）导致另一件事（果）。SOPPORT该结论的方法包括：A。没有其他原因或可能导致该结果。B。结合因果：或有因有果或无果无因。C。因果不颠倒了。D显示因果关系的资料是准确。
原文是类比：SUPPORT方式为两者本质相同，或直接support结论
调查：有效性不受怀疑（被调查的有代表性等）
假设类支持：将原文的推理中的GAP填补。消除原文的推理缺陷。因果型结论，条件型结论常以假设的形式出现
题号：共47题6,11,13,21,25,32,42,51,53,65,67,68,82,94,100,103,107,109,113,115,119,121,2,6,8,9,14,17,21,23,28,29,32,33,35,45,51,53,55,58,59,62,68,69,71,77,82

老卖年糕

81. Political Advertisement: Mayor Delmont's critics complain about the jobs that were lost in the city under Delmont's leadership. Yet the fact is that
not only were more jobs created than were eliminated, but each year since Delmont took office the average pay for the new jobs created has been higher than that year's average pay for jobs citywide. So it stands to reason that [url=]throughout Delmont's tenure the average paycheck in this city has been getting steadily bigger[/url][c1] .

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?

[url=](A)[/url][c2] The unemployment rate in the city is higher today than it was when Mayor Delmont took office.

[url=](8)[/url][c3] The average pay for jobs in the city was at a ten-year low when Mayor Delmont took office.

[url=](C[/url][c4] ) Each year during Mayor Delmont's tenure, the average pay for jobs that were eliminated has been higher than the average pay for jobs citywide. B

[url=](D)[/url][c5] Most of the jobs eliminated during Mayor Delmont's tenure were in declining industries.

[url=](E) [/url][c6] The average pay for jobs in the city is currently lower than it is for jobs in the suburbs

surrounding the city.

---

[c1]因果型结论

[c2]Support

[c3]没有weaken结论，因为文中说明了the average pay for the new jobs created has been higher than that year's average pay for jobs citywide

[c4]割断因果，weaken reasoning

[c5]没有weaken，因为不知道declining industries有多少

[c6]无关

老卖年糕

80. To evaluate a plan to [url=]save money on office-space expenditures by having its employees work at home[/url][c1] , XYZ Company asked volunteers from its staff to try the arrangement for six months. During this period, the productivity of these employees was as high as or higher than before.

Which of the following, if true, would argue most strongly against deciding, on the basis of the trial results, to implement the company's plan?

[url=](A)[/url][c2] The employees who agreed to participate in the test of the plan were among the company's most self-motivated and independent workers. A

[url=](8)[/url][c3] The savings that would accrue from reduced office-space expenditures alone would be

sufficient to justify the arrangement for the company, apart from any productivity increases.

[url=](C) [/url][c4] Other companies that have achieved successful results from work-at-home plans have workforces that are substantially larger than that of XYZ.

[url=](D) [/url][c5] The volunteers who worked at home were able to communicate with other employees as necessary for performing the work.

(E)[url=] Minor changes[/url][c6] in the way office work is organized at XYZ would yield increases in

employee productivity similar to those achieved in the trial.

---

[c1]调查型结论

[c2]攻击调查的有效性

[c3]Support

[c4]Support

[c5]Support

[c6]无关

老卖年糕

50. Crops can be traded on the futures market before they are harvested. If a poor corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures rise; if a bountiful corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures fall. This morning meteorologists are predicting much-needed rain for the corn-growing region starting tomorrow. Therefore, [url=]since adequate moisture is essential for the current crop's survival, prices of corn futures will fall sharply today.[/url][c1]

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?

[url=](A)[/url][c2] Corn that does not receive adequate moisture during its critical pollination stage will not produce a bountiful harvest.

(B) Futures prices for corn h[url=]ave been fluctuating [/url][c3] more dramatically this season than last season.

(C) The rain that meteorologists predicted for tomorrow is expected to extend well [url=]beyond the corn-growing region .[/url][c4]

(D) Agriculture experts announced today that a disease that has devastated [url=]some of the corn crop [/url][c5] will spread widely before the end of the growing season. D

[url=](E) [/url][c6] Most people who trade in corn futures rarely take physical possession of the corn they trade.

---

[c1]因果型结论

[c2]Support

[c3]无关

[c4]无关，不影响结论。做错是因为没读懂选项：这场雨的范围超出了corn growing region，而不是超出了corn grow需要的量

[c5]割断因果

[c6]无关