GMAT考试语法大汇总-prep语法笔记归纳出来的知识点（词）

myice

1.continue这个词，对于时态方面有一点特殊性：1）不用进行时态；2）不用两种以上的时态
2.so …that V.S. so … as to be/do的用法：
so … that可以用作多个主语时，so前面的主语和that后面的主语可以不一样；
so … as to be/do一般用于单一主语，但是不能相隔太远，否则可以视为错误
原理：so … as to事实上是三个结构的结合，so引出的是状语，as指代句子前面的核心含义，to是不定式引导状语结构(adverbial structure)，此不定式修饰的正是前面的核心动词以及该动词的逻辑主语，所以只有当前面只有一个核心动词而且很明确的时候才能够用so…as to，也正因为修饰成分离被修饰词过远会造成修饰不清，所以to be/do结构不能与前面动词不能太远。

Hyozia

爪一个~~~~~~··

myice

25. namely是的用法十分灵活：（=that is to say, along with）.它是副词，后面不能直接加句子
（1）补充说明前面离它最近的名词成分；e.g.: The other change, namely the increase in electronic equipment, has slowed down.
（2）补充说明句子主语；e.g.：One group of people seems to be forgotten, namely pensioners.
（3）namely后面跟从句解释前面的名词成分；e.g.: On the next trip, I solved part of the problem, but after discussing the situation with AB on the phone an alternative solution was at hand; namely, that from 1987 onwards I would spend my winters playing for Queensland.

myice

23. influence (with sb) ability to obtain favourable treatment from sb, usu by means of acquaintance, status, wealth, etc. 权力; 势力; 权势:
use one's influence (with sb) 利用（与某人的关系的）影响力 * She has great influence with the manager and could no doubt help you. 她对经理很有影响力, 无疑能帮你忙.
24. through和by的区别
through doing往往是指达成、做到一个结果所做的行为，如本题的depletion就是一个结果。
by doing往往是指为了做某事而行使的行为。

myice

22. 关于economic和economical
economic 是”经济上的”，economical是”节约的”。
1)economic [only before noun]PE relating to trade, industry, and the management of money
Economic growth is slow.
the government's economic policy
Economic reform is needed.
In the current economic climate (=conditions), we must keep costs down
2) economical =cheap or not wasteful.

myice

21. 关于Except的各种用法
1)except for: 用于非同类事物，它的宾语与前述对象完全是两回事。
例如： The room was very cold and, except for Jack, entirely empty.
这个房间很阴冷，而且除了杰克，完全是空荡荡的。
本句中，前述对象是"房间"，而除去的对象是"Jack"，两者毫无关系。
2)except:指同一类事物的总体中除去一部分，强调的是除去。
例如：He gets up early every day except Sunday.
除星期天外，他每天早起。
有时except与except for可以换用，例如： Except for(=except) John, the whole class passed the test. 全班同学除约翰外，全都通过了考试。
*：1.2.在GMAT中不适用，GMAT中并不讲究except与except for的区别，故删去。
3)except that表达的语意与except近似，只是后面要跟从句。
例： He has always been in good health except that he has had a slight headache in the past few days. 除了在过去几天里有些头痛之外，他身体一直很好。
4)but:常可与 except互换，强调"不在其中"。
例： Everyone attended the meeting but Mary.大家都出席了这次会议，但玛丽不在其列。
5)besides:强调"除此之外，还包括"。
例： She can speak French and Japanese besides English.除英语外，她还会讲法语和日语。
6)apart from:其含义主要依据上下文而定，有时可与except换用，有时可代替besides.
例： Apart from the coat, the hat doesn't suit me.除价钱太贵，这帽子也不适合我戴。

myice

20. Opposite做名词时：a person or thing that is as different as possible from someone or something else
opposite of
　 What's the opposite of 'optimistic'?
　 She's quite shy, the exact opposite of Becky
　 The two men were complete opposites - Simon tall and fair, Clive short and dark.
　 If anything, the opposite was true.
　 Is it sensible to think of masculine/feminine as polar opposites (=exactly or completely opposite) ?

myice

19. as和when引导的时间状语含义不同
（1）as表示"当……时""一面……一面"，"随着"。具体用法如下：
表示"当……时"、"和……同时"。常指从句的动作未结束，主句中的动作就已发生。从句中多用表示动作的动词，而不用be动词或表示感觉、理解、知道这类动词。
e.g.  As he stood there, he saw two men enter the bar.
She dropped the glass as she stood up.
1)用于平行的动作中，表示"一面……一面……"。常指一个主语同时进行两个动作。
e.g.  The students took notes as they listened.
2)用于平行发展的结构中，表示"随着……"。常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果，或一种状态随另一种状态变化。句中的动词多表示状态的发展变化。
e.g.   As the wind rose the noise increased.
As it grew darker it became colder.
As he grew older he became more confident.
(2)when表示“当……的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用非延续性动词，这些动词既可以表示动作，又可表示状态。从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生，又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。
When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep. <表示动作，主从动作同时发生>
Mary was having dinner when I saw her. <表示动作，主从动作同时发生>
When you meet a word you don't know, consult the dictionary. <表示动作，从句动作在前>
She was beautiful when she was a girl. <表示状态>
*：所以，when引导的仅仅是最单纯的时间状语，在要表示伴随含义的时候，用as比用when更为合适。

myice

18. 前面应被后面替换小结：
which that, that which, the thing that= what
not any = no
not ever = never
which is that=that
the only thing that=all    (the only thing that has to be done  all one has to do)
at the time after=after
while being=as    (as表过程，随着…)
A is what is the B 中what is可以省略, A is the B
wanting to do=to do
what the effects=the effects
otherpeople/things=others
that of his own=his own  (前者双重所有格)
something of whom=whose sth.
but instead=but
with the exception of  = except
so as to = to
up until=until  (until已经包括了up的含义。
until: conj.(=up to the time when)到...时为止；
prep.（介词）Up to the time of；Before (a specified time):用在否定句)
with none of = without
but still=but
wanting to do=to do
different from that which=different than (不同于different from(用different from正确))
                             His way of living is different than ours.他的生活方式跟我们的不同。
German cars are different than ours.德国造的汽车和我们的不一样。
You look different than before.你看上去跟从前不同了.
date at which = when
in the event that = if

myice

17. According to 与 In accordance with的区别
根据XX号文规定，应该怎样怎样，我们一开始都写：According to Circular ***
公司请了两个老外editor，专门帮我们挑报告中不规范的英语用法。然后老外就向我们提出来说，这个地方要用In accordance with，不能用according to。他们的理由是，according to 后面要跟法规的具体内容，而如果单说是根据什么什么法规，就要用in accordance with。
总结：
看 according to 一般要连更为具体的内容，通常放在句首，或者句中作插入语，根据目前的Gmat题，不需要逻辑一致。