大全-3-18

EthanEthan

大全3-18
18. Teresa: Manned spaceflight does not have a future, since it cannot compete economically with other means of accomplishing the objectives of spaceflight.
Edward: No mode of human transportation has a better record of reliability: two accidents in twenty-five years. Thus manned spaceflight definitely has a positive future.
Which of the following is the best logical evaluation of Edward’s argument as a response to Teresa’s argument?
   


(A) It cites evidence that, if true, tends to disprove the evidence cited by Teresa in drawing her conclusion.
(B) It indicates a logical gap in the support that Teresa offers for her conclusion.
(C) It raises a consideration that outweighs the argument Teresa makes.
(D) It does not meet Teresa’s point because it assumes that there is no serious impediment to transporting people into space, but this was the issue raised by Teresa.（D）
(E) It fails to respond to Teresa’s argument because it does not address the fundamental issue of whether space activities should have priority over other claims on the national budget.
   
看了很多关于这道题的讨论，讨论中主要的争执是C和D，但是似乎还是没有得出一个让人满意的结论，所以再贴出来。
下面是我的浅见：Edward: No mode of human transportation has a better record of reliability: two accidents in twenty-five years. Thus manned spaceflight definitely has a positive future. 着彩部分是不是说明Edward其实是在拿manned spaceflight和其他manned transportation (比如汽车，飞机，轮船等）比较，说它可靠性高；而不是拿manned spaceflight和其他形式的spaceflight比较，因此根本就没有对Teresa提出的价格高昂这个问题进行任何回应。而且他从manned spaceflight比其他manned transportation可高性高得出manned spaceflight 有前途，这就必须要假定reliablility是manned spaceflight 有前途的充分条件（即
there is no serious impediment，没有其他阻碍它发展的因素），但是Teresa提出的价格昂贵就是impediment之一。所以D正确。
而由于Edward并没有把manned spaceflight的可靠性与其他形式的spaceflight比，所以C说“提出了一个比经济更重要的原则”不对，因为Edward根本没对manned spaceflight和其他形式的spaceflight进行可靠性比较，有可能其他形式的spaceflight可靠性也很高。
希望大家讨论和指正，如果斑竹能出来给个结论就太好了。

teddyabc

我感觉D选项想说明的是，为什么E要提安全问题蕴含的前提是因为没有别的更严重的问题影响航空事业，但是这个假设又是T提出的疑问，就是经济问题是影响航空事业的。

MarilynR

T：manned spaceflight不好，因为成本上不如其他能够执行spaceflight任务的方式
E：manned spaceflight好，因为安全可靠
2个人谈的不是一个方向
A：没有cite evidence
B：没有找T的gap
C：提出一个比T的argument更重要的想法（E并没有反驳到T，所以我觉得对E应该持负面的评价）
D：E的前提是载人没有不好，但是T认为载人好（说明了2者的分歧）
E：national budget 没有提到