求教：GWD-31-Q30

bastencool

30. GWD-31-Q30
The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade

A.    The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
B.    It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
C.    By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry’s cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
D.    To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
E.    The United States petroleum industry’s cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
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正确答案为B
不解的是为何需要把原选项的“projected"改为”estimated“
这一题cost以被动方式描述就不好么？
另外B中的用法cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations总觉得别扭，是否用限定性定语从句来修cost更好些？
选D有何错误？
谢谢斑斑~

ChinaHawk

B the best Choice A, C, D, and E are awkward and confusing. In A, for example, the issue is not the industry’s cost but the cost to the industry; also, to meet should be of meeting here, projected at is unidiomatic, and by the end of the decade is placed so that its meaning is unclear.

C and D suffer from many of the same problems.

The wording of E implies that cost… is estimated in order to meet environmental regulations.

B alone makes a logical statement and varies verb tense to indicate that the issue is present estimates of future costs. The question is moderately difficult.

ChinaHawk

industry's cost或cost of industry  工业的价格
the cost to the industry   工业成本

Project在这里是估计的意思：
【CALCULATE】 [T]
to calculate what something will be in the future, using the information you have now
　 The company projected an annual growth rate of 3%.
所以可以发现,be projected后面不应该跟at，否则unidiomatic.

bastencool

industry's cost或cost of industry  工业的价格
the cost to the industry   工业成本
原来需要这样理解，感谢斑斑

也就是说project +A +B，省略that这种用法才是地道的，那么如果正确答案B中的estimate换作是project也一样正确是么？都是“估计”的意思阿（宾从引导词that不省略）
另project的这种用法和estimate / believe / announce + AB 是一个道理吧？

呵呵，还是对这个换词有点纠结

ChinaHawk

嗯，B里面也可以用Projected. it is projected that也是对的，比如:It is projected that Canary Wharf will become a Wall Street on water, serving an expanding financial center hard-pressed for space in the mile-square City of London, and provide up to 60,000 jobs.

bastencool

感谢~