JKpower

【练习题GWD-24-38】
In January 1994 an oil barge ran aground off the coast of San Juan, Puerto Rico, leaking its cargo of 750,000 gallons into the ocean, while causing the pollution of the city's beaches.  
A.        leaking its cargo of 750,000 gallons into the ocean, while causing the pollution of
B.        with its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaking into the ocean, and it polluted
C.        and its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean, polluting
D.        while it leaked its cargo of 750,000 gallons into the ocean and caused the pollution of
E.        so that its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean, and they were polluting
解析
A.        leaking作为ran aground off的结果状语不如并列合理（ran aground了不一定leaking）；while causing中暗指被省略的causing的主语是barge，逻辑错误，而且用while来连接causing和前面分句的关系不合理(不管是引导时状、还是转折、还是让步、还是条件)；causing the pollution不如直接polluting做结果状语表达有效；
B.        and后面的it指代barge错误，barge不能造成污染，而是撞击并泄露的事才造成污染，所以and两边的逻辑并列关系不成立。
C.        Correct。
D.        it leaked its cargo of 750,000 gallons表达累赘；caused的动作发者是barge逻辑上不合理，应该是泄漏这件事情导致；用while来表达前后分句的逻辑关系错误；caused the pollution of不简洁。
E.        they只能指代前面唯一的复数gallons，但gallons只是一个单位，无法导致污染，逻辑含义错误(亦可解释为they无所指)；且so that前不应有逗号，而且its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean并不是an oil barge ran aground off the coast of San Juan的必然结果，所以逻辑上用so that连接不合适。

JKpower

②-ing分词短语在句尾
表伴随动作、状态、功能，与句子谓语动作同时发生，逻辑主语等于句子主语
表伴随结果，整个句子是原因，导致分词动作产生，无逻辑主语

分词短语逻辑主语的判断【PREP】
a)        分词短语在句首作状语:逻辑主语=主句主语
b)        ing分词短语在句尾:
        表伴随动作/状态/功能,与句子谓语动作同时发生,逻辑主语=句子主语
        表伴随结果,整个句子是原因,导致分词动作产生,无逻辑主语.可以在分词前加thus/thereby/in effect/in fact等,也可以不加  (现在分词做状语表结果，OG154和259。)
c)        ed分词短语在句尾,一般优先就近作定语,修饰名词[OG127]
d)        ing分词和ed分词在句中：优先作定语修饰就近的名词[OG191]
e)        介词或介词短语+ing分词: in addition to/in/by/without/besides+doing…,句子
        在句首,逻辑主语=句子主语
        在句尾,逻辑主语可能是句子主语也可能不是

JKpower

2.【francislaw】

13）in Singapore， where the broadcasting radio are outlets government owned , and papers are partnered with government, (前面画线)many people view websites...

14）Washington almost single-handedly create institute , turning from a shack to a church into a school

JKpower

1.【dyt0416】
15）语法考了一个超新星爆炸……  考点不记得了，因为当时就记着 阅读的狗里面有这个主题了……

16）考了 主谓一致和平行结构比较多吧。然后 which  和 ranging的……
【which与ranging题练习~】
GWD-1-Q2
By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country's $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks.
A.        their share of the country's $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging
B.        from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
C.        to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of the $21 billion book market in the country, a market ranging
D.        in its share, from 6 percent to 10 percent, of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges            
E.        to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country's $21 billion book market, which ranges

选项分析：
A.        their指代the company错误。Ranging使得后面的分句没有谓语。
B.        which可以跳跃指代，但是此处which离其指代对象隔了一个状语in the country，而且country与ranges是grammatically matched的，故B不佳。
C.        their错误同A，ranging错误同A。
D.        which错误同B；of和要连接的对象离的太远不好。
E.        correct；which离其指代对象比B更近，因此更好，记住选项是比出来的；to…from…结构中to 10 percent提前以示强调；逻辑上讲，一个国家的图书市场不可能只有从from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks，所以which逻辑上指代its share of the country's $21 billion book market整体。

JKpower

2.【lavinzyc】
17）愈发：短句纸很多啊！很多排出到剩两个的时候不知道那个乱蒙啊！！！
        lz记得最后题是愈发，是说湖里的鱼被污染神马的，记得当时想很久这两个事实是应该逻辑并列还是不应该。。。

JKpower

1.【chebing】
18）我觉得语法不难，跟prep语法笔记2008的很接近  考了很多平行  主谓一致  记得有一题是：somebody wants to know that (bla bla ba) and do   ......that 的，记得后面那个that不能省哦

19）还有一题考了prep的原题The Acoma and Hopi are probably the two oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both dating back at least a thousand years.
A.    both dating
B.    both of which have dated
C.    and each has dated
D.    and each one dating         
E.    each one of which date
记得选的是A

JKpower

【原题 PREP08-232】
The Acoma and Hopi are probably the two oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both dating back at least a thousand years.
A.        both dating
B.        both of which have dated
C.        and each has dated
D.        and each one dating         
E.        each one of which date

题目释义：A&P are the two oldest communities, both dating back at least 1000 years.
考点：
句子结构（grammatical construction） 习惯用语（idiom）
1.        each 型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:
句子 +        复数名词结尾, each +介词短语/形容词短语/-ed形式/-ing形式
独立主格独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的、补充说明等。
选项分析：
A.        correct；both dating独立主格在此表示补充说明，与each型独立主格同一原理；这里both用each来替代也可以；dating用了分词形式，其潜在时态与主句一致。
B.        which指代的是two oldest surviving Pueblo communities，带入即both of two oldest surviving Pueblo communities可以发现both和two重复；date的现在完成时有潜在含义说“以后都不是追溯到1000年以前了”，要用一般现在时或者分词形式，分词形式的潜在时态与主句一致。
C.        有and作为并列连词割裂了前后关系；现在完成时错误同B
D.        and后面句子不完整(fragment)
E.        each one of which非限定性定语从句谓语用单数，且定从不如同位语简洁

JKpower

2.【YulanJing 700】
不记得具体的题目了 建议大家注意单复数

3.【小肥羊891003 700】
20）考之前看到Topway上有之前考过的同学说感觉语法跟以前做过的不太一样，这个我还真没觉得，感觉跟GWD的很像啊，而且最后一道题还是GWD里的
Charles Darwin observed, natural selection operates whenever individuals of one genetic composition are better at reproducing than that of others
A. that of others
B. the other
C. another
D. those of another
E. that of the next
【原题 GWD TN22-28】
As Charles Darwin observed, natural selection operates whenever individuals of one genetic composition are better at reproducing than that of others.
A.        that of others
B.        the other      
C.        another  
D.        those of another
E.        that of the next
【GWD答案 D】
讨论帖里前辈的解释：
than之前比较的内容是： individuals of one genetic composition 因此than之后的内容要和之前的一致
A. that of others: 复数不能用that
B. the other : 不能用特指the other
C. another: 和比较之前内容不一致
D. those of another 正确
E. that of the next: 一是that指代不对，而是next用法错误

JKpower

4.【臭子路】
21）我遇到的题目能用所谓XDF等的技巧做题的概率很小，当然有可能我没有慧根，技巧没掌握。题目还是考到修饰，理解整句意思结构的比较多。
只记得有2个题目划线出现了和SEARCH 搭配有关。有SEARCH FOR /OF。。。可能其中还有别的知识点，我没看懂。
Search 搭配 Search for/in the search for/in the search of
1.Search 作动词:search for【search for sth./search sth. for sth./search sb. for sth.】
        I've searched high and low for my glasses
        He was searched by the guards for weapons
        Scientists are still searching for a cure.

2.search作名词，search for/search of
        Bad weather is hampering the search for survivors.
        the search for a cure
Search of
        a search of the area。
        A computerized search of 10,000 medical journals
        Mark went in search of water.

PRPE中没有出现考Search搭配的题目，语法书上解释三个搭配在词义上是没有区别的，只是search for可以当作谓语动词使用。
【PREP07-1-32】
Initiated on Columbus Day 1992, five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World, Project SETI pledged a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

JKpower

22）另外一个是考到OBLIGATION ON /OBLIGES THEM TO DO /OBLIGATION TO DO 。。。
Oblige 动词：if you are obliged to do something, you have to do it because the situation, the law, a duty etc makes it necessary
【朗文】
oblige somebody to do something
        The minister was obliged to report at least once every six months.
        Circumstances had obliged him to sell the business.
feel obliged to do something (=feel that you have a duty to do something)
        Many parents feel obliged to pay for at least part of the wedding.
! Do not use oblige when you are talking about making someone do something they do not want to do. Use force or make: No one can force (NOT oblige) you to stay in a job that you hate.

Obligation: a moral or legal duty to do something
Obligation to
        America's obligation to its allies
        Employers have an obligation to treat all employees equally.
        Parents are under a legal obligation to educate their children.
        You are under no obligation to buy any more books.
Obligation on
lay an obligation on sb. :使某人担负义务
语法书中没有出现obligation on这个搭配