GMAT AA作文模板

心在下雨

1.1 Hasty Generalization

The most conspicuous reasoning error in this argument is the author’s underlying/gratuitous assumption that A is representative of B, in general. However, it is not necessary the case. There may be many dissimilarities between A and B. For example, perhaps … So unless it can be shown that what is true of A will be likewise true of most other…, the conclusion that…is fairly unwarranted/highly suspect/entirely unfounded.

心在下雨

1.2 Misapplied Generalization

The author’s conclusion/prediction relies on the gratuitous assumption that 大范围 applies specifically to 小范围. There is, however, no guarantee that this is the case, nor does the author provide any evidence to substantiate this assumption. Just as likely, 小范围 ….( is just in the opposite direction). In that case, the author’s conclusion/recommendation might amount to especially poor advice.

心在下雨

1.3 False Analogy

The argument relies on what might be a “false analogy” between A and B. In order for B to serve as the model for A, the author must first assume that all relevant circumstances involving these two…are essentially the same. However, this assumption is not warranted. For example, …all affects A but are virtually absent in B. All these problems might present surmountable obstacles for …in the future.

心在下雨

1.4 All things are equal

The argument unfairly infers that….would remain unchanged over/since…(unfairly infers from…in the past that ...this year would must be …). However, in the absence of evidence to support this inference, it is just as likely that …, or that… (Admittedly, had ten years elapsed the argument would be even weaker. Yet two years is sufficient time to see great changes in… For example, perhaps…) Any of these scenarios, if true, would serve to undermine the author’s conclusion that…

心在下雨

2.1 Casual Oversimplification

No evidence has been offered to support the assumption that

A is all that required for B/the reason…was…. While A is an important contributing factor to B, it is hardly the only one. Many other reasons---…---could just as likely account for B. The author’s failure to consider and eliminate other possible explanations for B renders the conclusion highly suspect.

心在下雨

2.2/2.3 post hoc, ergo propter hoc/cum hoc, ergo propter hoc

This argument commits a fallacy of “post hoc, ergo propter hoc/cum hoc, ergo propter hoc”. The mere fact that A preceded/coincided with B is insufficient to establish a casual relationship between these two events. Many other reasons---…---could just as likely account for A. The author’s failure to consider and eliminate other possible explanations for B renders the conclusion highly suspect.

心在下雨

2.4 Correlation to Causation

The argument relies on an unproven cause-and-effect relationship between A and B. In fact, many other reasons---…----could just as likely account for B. If it turns out that A has nothing to do with B, then simply do something will not solve the problem.

心在下雨

3.1 False Dilemma

The author assumes that A and B are mutually exclusive alternatives. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either/or choice. Adjusting both A and B might produce better results. Moreover, if the author is wrong in the assumption that A and B are the only possible causes of the problem, then the most effective solution might include…

The author assumes that A and B are mutually exclusive alternatives. Based on the fact that (not chose A), the author unfairly concludes that (people must have chosen B). However, the author overlooks the possibility that (people don’t choose either of them).

心在下雨

3.2 Appeal to ignorance

The argument relies on/rests on/turns on the assumption that the 99 percent of Avia passengers who did not complain were happy with the airline’s baggage-handling procedures. However, the author provides no evidence to support this assumption. The fact that on the average, 9 out of 1000 passengers took the time and effort to formally complain indicates nothing about the experience or attitudes of the remaining 991. It is possible that many passengers were displeased but too busy to formally complain, while others had no opinions at all. Lacking more complete information about passengers’ attitudes, we cannot simply assume that the great majority of passengers who did not complain were happy.

心在下雨

3.3 One-sidedness

Only Advantages

The argument relies on an oversimplified reasoning that ignores the demerits brought by… The author assumes that 优点 without sacrificing any other… In fact, …may have to 缺点1， 缺点2，all to offset the benefits associated with 优点. It may turn out that the …disadvantages of…outweigh the advantages. Lacking a detailed analysis of the situation, the author’s …cannot be taken seriously.

Only Disadvantages

The argument relies on an oversimplified reasoning that ignores the benefits brought by… For example,…, all to compensate the costs associated with… It may turn out that the …advantages of…outweigh the disadvantages. Lacking a detailed analysis of the situation, the author’s …cannot be taken seriously.