GMAT逻辑复习资料-逻辑大全分类-Strengthen

大豆

下载请见：http://forum.topway.org/viewthread.php?tid=219827&extra=
大全-6-18.        The value of a product is determined by the ratio of its quality to its price. The higher the value of a product, the better will be its competitive position. Therefore, either increasing the quality or lowering the price of a given product will increase the likelihood that consumer will select that product rather than a competing one.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn above?
(A) It is possible to increase both the quality and the price of a product without changing its competitive position. A在这里看来更像是个conclusion而不是一个strengthen,也就是说如果原文成立的话，能推出来的东东。
(B) For certain segments of the population of consumers, higher-priced brands of some product lines are preferred to the lower-priced brands.
(C) Competing products often try to appeal to different segments of the population of consumers.
(D) The competitive position of a product can be affected by such factors as advertising and brand loyalty. （E）
首先来看原文结论，要提高value，有2个东东，(1)提高quality，(2)降低价格。
再来看E，实它的目的是要排除消费者对quality的看法随价格变化的可能性，也就是说如果商品质量提高而价格不变(甚至降低)，消费者能辨别出来，会认为它的value升高了，支持了(1)。
(E) Consumers’ perceptions of the quality of a product are based on the actual quality of the product.

大豆

大全-20-6.        Potato cyst nematodes are a pest of potato crops. The nematodes can lie dormant for several years in their cysts, which are protective capsules, and do not emerge except in the presence of chemicals emitted by potato roots. A company that has identified the relevant chemicals is planning to market them to potato farmers to spread on their fields when no potatoes are planted; any nematodes that emerge will soon starve to death.
Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim that the company’s plan will be successful?
(A) Nematodes that have emerged from their cysts can be killed by ordinary pesticides.
(B) The only part of a potato plant that a nematode eats is the roots.
(C) Some bacteria commonly present in the roots of potatoes digest the chemicals that cause the nematodes to emerge from their cysts.
(D) Trials have shown that spreading even minute quantities of the chemicals on potato fields caused nine-tenths of the nematodes present to emerge from their cysts.(D)错选E
(E) The chemicals that cause the nematodes to emerge from their cysts are not emitted all the time the potato plant is growing.加入太多自己的推理，想得太复杂了，反而做错。

大豆

大全-20-12.        An advertisement designed to convince readers of the great durability of automobiles manufactured by the Deluxe Motor Car Company cites as evidence the fact that over half of all automobiles built by the company since 1970 are still on the road today, compared to no more than a third for any other manufacturer.
1970年以来制造的DM汽车，有一半仍在用，而其它品牌的汽车只有不足1/3了。所以DM车很耐用。
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the advertisement’s argument?
(A) After taking inflation into account, a new Deluxe automobile costs only slightly more than a new model did in 1970.费用无关
(B) The number of automobiles built by Deluxe each year has not increased sharply since 1970.
从1970以来，D每年生产的车没有（逐年）大量增加。排除他因型支持。因为如果每年产量逐年大量增加，则在1970以来的所有车中，离现在越近生产的车占的比例越大，离现在越远生产的车占的比例越小，说不定那超过一半以上还在路上跑的车都是离现在很近才生产的，至少大多数都是最近生产的，这样原文结论（车耐用）就得不出了。B选项排除这个原因。
(C) Owners of Deluxe automobiles typically keep their cars well maintained.
(D) Since 1970, Deluxe has made fewer changes in the automobiles it manufactures than other car companies have made in their automobiles.(B)错选D
结论是支持Ad说明automobile的durability好-->时间用的长==>D说的fewer change只能说明现在的authomobile的durability和以前的一样,没有改变过.
(E) Deluxe automobiles have been selling at relatively stable prices in recent years.

大豆

大全-19-10.        Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—a noninvasive diagnostic procedure—can be used to identify blockages in the coronary arteries. In contrast to angiograms—the invasive procedure customarily used—MRI’s pose no risk to patients. Thus, to guarantee patient safety in the attempt to diagnose arterial blockages, MRI’s should replace angiograms in all attempts at diagnosing coronary blockages.
Which of the following, if true, would most support the recommendation above?
(A) Angiograms can be used to diagnose conditions other than blockages in arteries.无关
(B) MRI’s were designed primarily in order to diagnose blockages in the coronary arteries.无关
(C) Angiograms reveal more information about the nature of a blockage than an MRI can.削弱
(D) An MRI is just as likely as an angiogram to identify an arterial blockage.(D)
(E) Some patients for whom an angiogram presents no risk are unwilling to undergo an MRI.削弱

大豆

大全-19-12.        A public-service advertisement advises that people who have consumed alcohol should not drive until they can do so safely. In a hospital study, however, subjects questioned immediately after they consumed alcohol underestimated the time necessary to regain their driving ability. This result indicates that many people who drink before driving will have difficulty following the advertisement’s advice.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument above?
(A) Many people, if they plan to drink alcohol, make arrangements beforehand for a nondrinker to drive them home.
(B) The subjects in the hospital study generally rated their abilities more conservatively than would people drinking alcohol outside a hospital setting.
conservative: a conservative estimate or guess is one in which you are cautious and estimate or guess a low amount which is probably less than the real amount.
subjects在估计自己的能力时较医院外的人要保守，所以他们认为自己的恢复能力已经够长但其实他们还没有到safe的时间，所以医院外的人喝了酒之后会认为他们需要恢复的时间会更短。
(C) Some people refrain from drinking if they will have to drive to get home afterward.
(D) The subjects in the hospital study were also questioned about the time necessary to regain abilities that do not play an important role in driving safely.(B)用的排除法.
(E) Awareness of the public-service advertisement is higher among the general population than it was among the subjects in the hospital study.

大豆

大全-19-14.        Both Writewell and Express provide round-the-clock telephone assistance to any customer who uses their word-processing software. Since customers only call the hot lines when they find the software difficult to use, and the Writewell hot line receives four times as many calls as the Express hot line, Writewell’s word-processing software must be more difficult to use than Express’s.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?
(A) Calls to the Express hot line are almost twice as long, on average, as are calls to the Writewell hot line.
(B) Express has three times the number of word-processing software customers that Writewell has.
(C) Express receives twice as many letters of complaint about its word-processing software as Writewell receives about its word-processing software.
(D) The number of calls received by each of the two hot lines has been gradually increasing.(B)
(E) The Writewell hot-line number is more widely publicized than the Express hot-line number.

大豆

大全-16-3.        It would cost Rosetown one million dollars to repair all of its roads. In the year after completion of those repairs, however, Rosetown would thereby avoid incurring three million dollars worth of damages, since currently Rosetown pays that amount annually in compensation for damage done to cars each year by its unrepaired roads.
修路将花去R城一百万。然而，修完路接下来的一年里，R城将会因此避免产生价值三百万的损失，因为R城目前每年要支付三百万来补偿因为没修补的路而给cars带来的损失。（大意：修路虽然要花掉R城一百万，可是如果不修，车子会因为破路受损，R城一年就要因此赔偿三百万）
Which of the following, if true, gives the strongest support to the argument above?
(A) Communities bordering on Rosetown also pay compensation for damage done to cars by their unrepaired roads.无关
(B) After any Rosetown road has been repaired, several years will elapse before that road begins to damage cars. elapse：pass过去，消逝
路修好之后，可以维持几年不damage cars，所以也不用赔偿，从而省钱。
(C) Rosetown would need to raise additional taxes if it were to spend one million dollars in one year on road repairs.
(D) The degree of damage caused to Rosetown’s roads by harsh weather can vary widely from year to year.
(E) Trucks cause much of the wear on Rosetown’s roads, but owners of cars file almost all of the claims for compensation for damage caused by unrepaired roads.
道路破坏主要是由trucks造成的，但是cars申领了大部分赔偿补贴。
其实不管这些钱是赔给谁的，反正如果不修路都是要赔出去的，所以对结论不能构成支持。无关

大豆

大全-15-5.        Mayor: In each of the past five years, the city has cut school funding and each time school officials complained that the cuts would force them to reduce expenditures for essential services. But each time, only expenditures for nonessential services were actually reduced. [So school officials can implement further cuts without reducing any expenditures for essential services.]
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the mayor’s conclusion?
(A) The city’s schools have always provided essential services as efficiently as they have provided nonessential services.
(B) Sufficient funds are currently available to allow the city’s schools to provide some nonessential services.
(C) Price estimates [quoted to the city’s schools for the provision of nonessential services] have not increased substantially since the most recent school funding cut.
(D) Few influential city administrators support the funding of costly nonessential services in the city’s schools.
(E) The city’s school officials rarely exaggerate the potential impact of threatened funding cuts.

大豆

大全-15-15.        One variety of partially biodegradable plastic beverage container is manufactured from small bits of plastic bound together by a degradable bonding agent such as cornstarch. Since only the bonding agent degrades, leaving the small bits of plastic, no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded.
把不可降解的塑料分成小碎片，然后用可降解的粘合剂把这些碎片粘合起来做成塑料瓶子。这种措施并不能起到保护环境的作用，因为粘合剂降解后，剩下那些不可降解的碎片的数量不会减少。也就是说和不用粘合剂的完整塑料瓶产生同样的污染。题目让加强这个论点。Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?
(A) Both partially biodegradable and nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers can be crushed completely flat by refuse compactors.
(B) The partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers are made with more plastic than comparable nonbiodegradable ones in order to compensate for the weakening effect of the bounding agents.
(C) Many consumers are ecology-minded and prefer to buy a product sold in the partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers rather than in nonbiodegradable containers, even if the price is higher.
(D) The manufacturing process for the partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers results in less plastic waste than the manufacturing process for nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers.(E) Technological problems with recycling currently prevent the reuse as food or beverage containers of the plastic from either type of plastic beverage container.

大豆

大全-13-2.        Woodsmoke contains dangerous toxins that cause changes in human cells. Because woodsmoke presents such a high health risk, legislation is needed to regulate the use of open-air fires and wood-burning stoves.
Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument above?
(A) The amount of dangerous toxins contained in woodsmoke is much less than the amount contained in an equal volume of automobile exhaust.
(B) Within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation, most heating and cooking is done with oil or natural gas.
(C) Smoke produced by coal-burning stoves is significantly more toxic than smoke from wood-burning stoves.
(D) No significant beneficial effect on air quality would result if open-air fires were banned within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation.
(E) In valleys where wood is used as the primary heating fuel, the concentration of smoke results in poor air quality.