2010年3月GMAT作文新题-ＡＡ

bigpig

1
The argument was about a paragraph from a restaurant business newsletter about small franchise restaurants.
A small restaurant owner, George, opened a pita restaurant in a college town Sallon. His restaurant has been quite successful for the last 2 years. So he decided to open another 3 restaurants in nearby cities and towns. He also plans to promote his 3 employees who have been trained under him to be the managers of the new restaurants. He expects his profits will trip after all restaurants are opened.（高频题）


2

The following is taken from an editorial in a local newspaper.
“Over the past decade, the price per pound of citrus fruit has increased substantially. Eleven years ago, Megamart charged 5 cents apiece for lemons, but today it commonly charges over 30 cents apiece. In only one of these last eleven years was the weather unfavorable for growing citrus crops. Evidently, then, citrus growers have been responsible for the excessive increase in the price of citrus fruit, and strict pricing regulations are needed to prevent them from continuing to inflate prices.”
当地报纸的社论：
过去的10年里，桔类(citrus)水果的价格实际上上升了。11年前，Megamart每个柠檬要价5分，现在一般要价为30分一个。过去11年只有一年不适合桔类水果生长。显然，柑桔种植者应该对桔类水果价格过度上涨负责。为防止他们继续哄抬价格规范价格规定很有必要。

A. First, the example of megamart lacks representativeness.
B. Next, the arguer fails to take into consideration other factors that have contributed to the rusing price of citrus fruit.
C. In addition, the arguer unfairly assumes that government internection is the only way to combat increased prices in the citrus fruit market.
D. Finally, the prediction that the prices of citrus fruit will continue to inflate without government’s strict regulation is unfounded.


3

The following appeared as part of a plan proposed by an executive of the Easy Credit Company to the president.
“The Easy Credit Company would gain an advantage over competing credit card services if we were to donate a portion of the proceeds from the use of our cards to a well-known environmental organization in exchange for the use of its symbol or logo on our card. Since a recent poll shows that a large percentage of the public is concerned about environmental issues, this policy would attract new customers, increase use among existing customers, and enable us to charge interest rates that are higher than the lowest ones available.”
Easy信贷公司的一个经营主管向董事长提交的一份计划：
如果我们将信用卡所得的利润中的一部分捐给一个知名的环保组织换取在我们的信用卡上使用他们的标识的权利，Easy信贷公司将在信用卡服务的竞争中得到很大好处。由于最近的民调显示，很多人都关心环境问题，这一计划将吸引新顾客，提高现有顾客的使用量，并使我们得到比最低利润率要高的利润率。

Portion: (n)部分 ; poll: (n)民調
Ans: 1.use the symbol or logo of the environment organization will not sure to attract the new customers.  
2.the company will not sure to charge higher interest rates than before from the new customers.

A. The arguer fails to take into account other relevant factors－the interest rates charged for the use of the card, the acceptability of the card in other business, services provided by the issuing company, and the reliability of the issuing company, etc.－which are even more important than the environment concern when a consumer is making a choice among available credit cards.
B. The arguer unfairly assumes that the raised interest rates of the East Credit Company as a result of its donation to the environment organization will not exert negative effect on the card’s attractiveness to consumers.

bigpig

4

AA某公司生产的Breakfast Crunch 比其他同类谷物早餐至少多含20%的维生素K，且在他们对长期消费者的调查中，75%的顾客认为该谷物早餐的味道比其他市面上所有谷物早餐要好。然而，该产品的销售量却不好。作者说，这是由于很多消费者没有意识到我公司产品的这两个优点。于是，为了增加营业额，作者提出，应该将该产品的这两个优点广泛传播，通过重新设计产品盒子的包装，强调这两个特点.

充本月第四题aa的考古
V1有个生产早餐麦片公司的员工建议市场营销部重新设计产品的包装以改善疲软的销售状况。理由是他们的产品比其他同类多含20%的K型维生素，而且针对他们的固定用户群的调查表明，75%的人更喜欢他们产品的味道，产品销路不好肯定是因为消费者不清楚这些好处，所以公司需要改进包装来突出这些特点。


V3某公司生产的BC含有比同类产品多20%的K（维生素？）。该公司的调查显示，75%的长期顾客认为该公司的cereal比其他同类产品的口味好。然而多数人没有意识到BC的益处，因为销量不好。为了提高销量，公司应该推广该产品的优点。同时通过重新设计包装盒封面，在封面上描述产品的益处，来强调优点。

V4 breakfast crunch 这个牌子的cereal给了一些数据说这个牌子的cereal vitamin K比其他牌子高，有一个survey说regular consumers里prefer这个牌子的taste要高于其他的Major products in the market，但是却没有体现在销量上。然后那个部门经理说，为了提高销量，要改包装，把这两个features表现在包装上。


5

The following appeared as part of an article in the education section of a Waymarsh City newspaper.
“Throughout the last two decades, those who earned graduate degrees found it very difficult to get jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level. Those with graduate degrees from Waymarsh University had an especially hard time finding such jobs. But better times are coming in the next decade for all academic job seekers, including those from Waymarsh. Demographic trends indicate that an increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next ten years; consequently, we can expect that the job market will improve dramatically for people seeking college-level teaching positions in their fields.”
Waymarsh城日报教育版的一篇文章：
过去的20年内，研究生毕业生发现找到在大学教授他们的学术专长的工作是很困难的。那些从Waymarsh获得研究生学位的要找到这类工作尤其困难。但在下个10年，寻找学术工作的人（包括那些Waymarsh大学的）的好日子要来了。人口统计趋势显示达到上大学年龄的人将在未来10年增加。我们可预期对那些在他们的领域寻找大学教学工作的人来说，工作市场将显著增大。

Demographic trends
[Demographic trends indicate that an increasing number of people reaching college age over the next ten years.  They, however, do not refer to the number of people actually attending college.]
[In addition, it is uncertain that particular academic specialties will correspond to the fields of college teaching positions people seek.]

GratuiousAssumption--the author assumes that even though graduates of Waymarsh have an "especially hard time" finding jobs, they will be hired once the job market turns around.  it could be that when the market does turn waymarsh grads will still have a hard time finding jobs because of other factors making them less hireable

GratuiousAssumption--the author assumes that an increase in college students will necessitate an increase in professorships.  it could be the case that there are plenty of professors already to handle the increase of students going to college and the job market will not improve.

GratuiousAssumption-- the author assumes that an increase in the number of people who are "college-aged" will yield an increase in the number of college students, but it might be the case that a smaller percentage of those people will choose to go to college and therefore there may not be an increased number of total students enrolled

A. first of all, the arguer fails to explain all the relevant factors that account for graduates’ difficulty in finding jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level.
B. Second, the arguer unfairly assumes that an increase in the number of college-aged people over the next decade will necessarily resuly in an increase in the number of people who attend college during this period.
C. Moreover, the assumption that the increasing number of college-goers in the next decade will ensure academic jobs for Waymarsh grasuates is problematic.

bigpig

6

The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
“This past winter, 200 students from Waymarsh State College traveled to the state capitol building to protest against proposed cuts in funding for various state college programs. The other 12,000 Waymarsh students evidently weren’t so concerned about their education: they either stayed on campus or left for winter break. Since the group who did not protest is far more numerous, it is more representative of the state’s college students than are the protesters. Therefore the state legislature need not heed the appeals of the protesting students.”
地方性报纸的编者按：
过去的冬天里，200名学生从Waymarsh州立大学前往州府大楼(capitol building)抗议对各项州立大学项目基金进行削减的计划。另外12000名Waymarsh学生显然对他们的教育不太关心：他们或是留在学校里，或离开过寒假。由于不抗议的人群更大，他们比抗议人群更有资格代表州立大学学生。所以州立法会不必理会(heed)抗议者。

(孙远)
1）unfairly assumes that the one-tenth of the students who took part in the protest cannot represent the entire student body.
2) fails to prvide any evidence that the remaining students who did not participate in the protest are not concerned abou their education.

(excellent)
反驳“由于抗议的人数不多，所以不具有代表性”的论据：抗议的学生人数不多并不一定意味着他们就不能代表大多数同学的意愿，或许这200名参加抗议的学生就是从大多数的学生中挑选出来参加抗议的呢。

反驳“由于大多数的学生或是忙于学习或是回家度假，所以他们对抗议教育计划漠不关心”的论据，这两者之间不存在推论关系，忙于其他事并不意味着他们不关心此事，或许他们正以其它的方式（如发表文章、做演讲）进行舆论抗议。

GratuitiousAssumption--"because 12000 students didn't protest they didn't care about the funding cuts"  the students might have cared, but perhaps they thought that protesting would do no good, or they had other good reasons for not protesting.  Perhaps many of them wrote letters.
InsufficientSample--perhaps Waymarsh had the lowest level of turnout of all of the state colleges.  Looking at the numbers from one school is an insufficient sample to determine whether the state's college students in general are against the cuts.
**--if the funding cuts only affected a small number of students, then one would expect only a small number of students to be angry about the cuts.  If the funding amount was proportional to the number of students it affected then perhaps the legislature should heed the appeals of protesters.


7

The following appeared in an Avia Airlines departmental memorandum.
“On average, 9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our passengers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of the procedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avia’s passengers.
Avia航空的部门备忘录：
平均地，去年乘坐Avia的1000个乘客中有9个针对我们的行李处理流程写了投诉信。这说明虽然有大约1%的乘客对这一流程表示不满，乘客的主体对它还是满意的。所以对流程的重新审查对我们要保持和提高Avia的乘客数这一目标不是很重要的。

Ans：
1)        It doesn’t represent that the others who don’t complain are satisfied with their procedures.
2)        Although 0.1% of the customers complained about their baggage procedure, it doesn’t they are the only customers who are dissatisfied with the procedure. Some customers might be disatified but didn’t comlpain about it.
3)        So we can’t sure if the 0.1% complaint is too few to be neglected.

A. In the first place, the arguer takes for granted that the 99 percent of Avia passengers who did not complain were happy with the airline’s baggage-handling procedures.
B. In the second place, lacking any information regarding the number of passengers per flight and the complaint records of competing airlines, we cannot evaluate the seriousness of the problem.

bigpig

8

The following appeared in a memo to the Saluda town council from the town’s business manager.
“Research indicates that those who exercise regularly are hospitalized less than half as often as those who don’t exercise. By providing a well-equipped gym for Saluda’s municipal employees, we should be able to reduce the cost of our group health insurance coverage by approximately 50% and thereby achieve a balanced town budget.”
Saluda镇的商业管理者给镇议会的备忘录：
研究显示有规律地锻炼的人生病的概率比不运动的人要小一半。通过给Saluda的市政雇员提供一个设备良好的体育馆，我们应该可以大约减少50％的健康保险支出并得到平衡的镇预算。

A. The arguer fails to provide any information regarding when, where and how the research is conducted.
B. The arguer unfairly assumes that the provision of a well-equipped gym will automatically lead to the active participation of exercise among Saluda’s municipal employees.
C. The reasoning that Sauda can cut down to the cost of its group  health insurance coverage by about 50%, a misleading precise statistic, is open to doubt.
D. The arguer fails to eatablish a causal relationship between the reduction of the cost of health insurance coverage and the balamce of town budget.


9

The following appeared in a memorandum from the Director of Human Resources to the executive officers of Company X.

“Last year, we surveyed our employees on improvements needed at Company X by having them rank, in order of importance, the issues presented in a list of possible improvements. Improved communications between employees and management was consistently ranked as the issue of highest importance by the employees who responded to the survey. As you know, we have since instituted regular communications sessions conducted by high-level management, which the employees can attend on a voluntary basis. Therefore, it is likely that most employees at Company X now feel that the improvement most needed at the company has been made.”  

人力资源经理给X公司的经营主管的备忘录：
去年，我们向员工调查他们认为X公司应该进行的改进，让他们把改进按重要性排列。结果列印为一张可能的改进的表格。根据调查中员工的反应，“加强员工和管理层的沟通”最具重要性，稳居调查表之首。如你所知，那以后我们建立了由高层管理人员组织，雇员可以自愿参加的常规交流会。因此，看来X的多数员工认为最应该进行的改进已经完成了。

A. First of all, the arguer needs to provide more information to validate the survey.
B. In addition, the list used in the survey may not have included all the important issues with which the employees are concerned.
C. Finally, the assumption that the employeed are satisfied with the regular communications sessions lacks credibility because no evidence is given in this respect.


10

The following appeared in the editorial section of a campus newspaper.
“Because occupancy rates for campus housing fell during the last academic year, so did housing revenues. To solve the problem, campus housing officials should reduce the number of available housing units, thereby increasing the occupancy rates. Also, to keep students from choosing to live off-campus, housing officials should lower the rents, thereby increasing demand.”
校园报纸的社论：
因为校园住宅的使用率在过去的学年中下降了，住宅收入也下降了。为了解决这个问题，校园住宅办公室应该减少可使用的住宅单元，从而增加使用率。同样的，为了不让学生选择住在校外，住宅办公室应该降低租金来扩大需求。

Ans：
1)        Reducing the available units to increase occupancy rate is not quite well because the access houses still exists and need cost to repair. Besides, fewer houses may let students to think they could not apply for a space.
2)        Furthermore, we can’t sure if the low occupancy rate resulted from access supply. If there are still other reasons, it is no use to reduce the housing units.
3)        In the same perspective,it is no use to lower the rents if the reason students don’t want to live in-campus is not high rents.

A. First, the arguer unfairly assumes that bossing occupancy rates and lowering rents will ensure improved revenues.
B. Second, the arguer ignores other factors that might have caused low occupancy rates for campus housing.

bigpig

11.

The following appeared in an article in the health section of a newspaper.
“There is a common misconception that university hospitals are better than community or private hospitals. This notion is unfounded, however: the university hospitals in our region employ 15 percent fewer doctors, have a 20 percent lower success rate in treating patients, make far less overall profit, and pay their medical staff considerably less than do private hospitals. Furthermore, many doctors at university hospitals typically divide their time among teaching, conducting research, and treating patients. From this it seems clear that the quality of care at university hospitals is lower than that at other kinds of hospitals.”
报纸的健康板块上的文章：
有一种普遍的错误观念认为大学医院比社区或私人医院更好。这个想法是无根据的，我们地区的大学医院较之私人医院，少雇15%的医生，对患者的治愈率要低20%，总体利润要小得多，给一户员工的待遇比私人医院低很多。而且，很多大学医院的医生将他们的时间分为教学，直到研究和看病几部分。从此可明显看出大学医院的服务质量比其他医院低。


1.It does not necessarily mean worse that the university hospitals employ 15 percent fewer doctors than private hospitals. In the same way, it does not mean lower quality that the university hospitals make less overall profit or pay less to medical staff.
2.The university hospitals have better facilities than private hospitals, and the doctors in these hospitals can teach and research. With better facilities, the university hospitals can provide better medical care to patients.
3.The author’s opinion base on only one regional circumstance. It can not be infered that every place is in the circumstance.

A. In the first place, the argument suffers from a fallacy of overgeneralization.
B. In the second place, the arguer fails to substantiate the claim that the listed factors in the comparison are reliable indicators of the lower quality of care in university hospitals.


12

The following appeared in the opinion column of a financial magazine.
“On average, middle-aged consumers devote 39 percent of their retail expenditure to department store products and services, while for younger consumers the average is only 25 percent. Since the number of middle-aged people will increase dramatically within the next decade, department stores can expect retail sales to increase significantly during that period. Furthermore, to take advantage of the trend, these stores should begin to replace some of those products intended to attract the younger consumer with products intended to attract the middle-aged consumer.”
财经杂志的意见栏(opinion column)：
一般而言，中年消费者的零售消费额的39％用于(devote)专卖店的商品何服务。而在年轻一些的消费者中这一比例仅有25％。由于中年消费者的数量在下一10年中将大幅增长，专卖店可以预期他们的销售额会有大幅增长。进一步，为利用这一趋势，这些店应该开始将一些吸引年轻消费者的商品替换为吸引中年消费者的商品。

According to the argument above, the author recommends that the department stores should replace some of the products intended to attract the younger consumer with product intended to middle-age consumers, and the purpose is to attract the younger consumers whom will devote 39 percent of their retail expenditure to department store products and services when they are middle-aged.
This argument is unconvincing for the following logical fallacy.

A.Replace the products to attract the younger consumers will not increase the percentage of their retail expenditure to department store products and services when they are middle-aged. Because the percentage of retail expenditure to department store products and services that middle-age consumers devote is fixed, it will not change even the department stores attract the middle-age consumers since they were the young consumers.
B.The department stores should place their products in proportion to the percentage of  retail expenditure to department store products and services that the middle-age and the young consumers devote.

Gratuitious Assumption--"the total amount of money middle-aged consumers spend is similar to the total amount of money younger customers spend"  If it were the case that younger consumers spend much more money in total then it could be more important for stores to focus on their business.
Either Or Choice--the author assumes that stocking products to attract more middle-aged consumers and stocking products to attract younger consumers are mutually exclusive alternatives.  Perhaps it is possible to increase the store's appeal to older consumers without compromising its appeal to younger crowds.
Insufficient Sample--the author concludes that all middle aged people will behave as present-day middle aged people do, but perhaps the determination of where to shop is based upon the customer's generation rather than the customer's age.  If that were the case then when today's younger consumers become middle-aged consumers they will continue to shop in stores other than department stores.

A. Lacking any information concerning respectively the actual amount of retail ecpenditure of both the middle-aged consumer group and the younger consumers, we can hardly determine whether the increase in middle-aged consumers will certainly bring more sales to department stores.
B. Furthermore, the arguer fails to consider the fact that different department stores in different locations may have consumers of different age groups.
C. Finally, the arguer ignores the possible negative impact on sales brought about by the decrease in the number of young consumers as a resuly of the recommended invertory adjustment.

bigpig

13

The following editorial appeared in the Elm City paper.
“The construction last year of a shopping mall in downtown Oak City was a mistake. Since the mall has opened, a number of local businesses have closed, and the downtown area suffers from an acute parking shortage, and arrests for crime and vagrancy have increased in the nearby Oak City Park. Elm City should pay attention to the example of the Oak City mall and deny the application to build a shopping mall in Elm City.”
Elm城的报纸上的社论：
去年在橡树城市中心修建购物中心是个错误。由于中心开业，大量的本地企业倒闭了。而且市中心受到严重缺乏停车位的困扰。在附近的橡树城公园拘捕的罪犯和流浪汉也增加了。榆树城应该注意橡树城购物中心的例子并防止在榆树城建立购物中心。

A. This argument commots a fallacy of “ after this, therefore because of this”
B. In addition, the listed problem by the arguer may not have much to do with the construction of shopping mall.
C. Finally, the arguer fails to take into consideration the positive effectives that the mall has brought about on the community.


14.

The following appeared as part of a business plan created by the management of the Take Heart Fitness Center.

“After opening the new swimming pool early last summer, Take Heart saw a 12 percent increase in the use of the center by members. Therefore, in order to increase the number of our members and thus our revenues, which depend on membership fees, we should continue to add new recreational facilities in subsequent years: for example, a multipurpose game room, a tennis court, and a miniature golf course. Being the only center in the area offering this range of activities would give us a competitive advantage in the health and recreation market.”  

Take Heart健身中心的管理者起草的商业计划：
去年夏天开了新的游泳池以后，TH发现会员对中心的使用率增加了12％。因此，为了增加我们的会员数量和决定于会员费的收入，我们应该在以后几年中继续增加新的娱乐设施：比如，一个多功能游戏室，一个网球场，一个迷你高尔夫球场。作为本地唯一一家提供各种活动的健身中心，我们将在健身和娱乐市场建立竞争优势。

A. In the first place, the arguer fails to establish a causal relationship between the 12 percent increase in the use of the Take Heart Fitness Center by its members and the opening of a new swimming pool last summer.
B. In the second place, the arguer unfairly assumes that simply by adding new recreational facilities Take Heart Fitnedd Center can attract more and more membership.


15

The following is part of a business plan created by the management of the Megamart grocery store.
“Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our grocery store. Clearly, the customer’s main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop shopping. The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies and repair shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant and a garden shop, in subsequent years. Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores.”
Megamart杂货店的管理层的商务计划：
由于我们在杂货店内加了药剂部分，今年我们的总体销售额增加了20%。显然，顾客主要关注的是一次性购物的便利性。在今后两年内提高我们的利润的最佳方法是增加一个成衣部门和一个汽车配件和维修商店。我们同时也应该在最后的纪念中继续增加新的部门和服务，比如餐馆，园艺商店。成为本地唯一的提供如此广泛服务的商店将给我们带来超越其他商店的竞争优势。

1. Other reason that might have caused the increase
2. Stores specializing in one service might be able to offer things at a lower price, thus the megamart gained no advantage.

A. First of all, the argument suffers from the fallacy of “ after this, therefore because of this”
B. Granting that the increase in total sales was due to the addition of the pharmacy section, this fact alone is insufficient to support the claim that adding more departments will increase sales even further.

bigpig

16

The following appeared in a memorandum from the business department of the Apogee Company.
“When the Apogee Company had all its operations in one location, it was more profitable than it is today. Therefore, the Apogee Company should close down its field offices and conduct all its operations from a single location. Such centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and helping the company maintain better supervision of all employees.”
下面摘自APogee公司的商务部门的备忘录(memorandum)：
当Apogee将它所有的业务部门集中在一处时，它将有比现在更多的利润。因此，Apogee应该关闭它的驻外办公室并从单一场所管理它的所有部门。这样的话，集中会通过削减成本提高利润，并帮助公司更好地对所有员工进行监督。

ANS:
first— deterioration 的原因可能是工資過高或成本控制不當
Second—分公司有幾家如果有貢獻的是這些field offices
Final— over simplification

OverSimplification--May have been more profitable in the past because of different reasons (better leadership, better economy, etc)
Gratuitous Assumption --"Moving to a single office will allow  for better supervision of employees"  perhaps the employees are well supervised in the field offices.
Gratuitous Assumption --"company can do all of its business from one location"  perhaps closing field offices would make it impossible to get to the same number of customers

A.        In the first place, the arguer unfairly assume that certralization was the only factor that led to Apogee’s past succedd.
B.        In the second place, even if Apogee succeeded in the past by centralization, this strategy would not necessarily result in a similar success today.


17.
题库72

The following appeared as part of a recommendation from the business manager of a department store.
“Local clothing stores reported that their profits decreased, on average, for the three-month period between August 1 and October 31. Stores that sell products for the home reported that, on average, their profits increased during this same period. Clearly, consumers are choosing to buy products for their homes instead of clothing. To take advantage of this trend, we should reduce the size of our clothing departments and enlarge our home furnishings and household products departments.”  
专卖店的商务经理的备忘录：
本地服装店报告说从8月1号到10月31号的3个月里他们的平均利润下降。销售家庭用品的商店却报告同期的平均利润上升。很明显，顾客正选择为他们的家里购买用品而不是买衣物。为了利用这个趋势，我们应该缩减我们的服装部规模而扩大家庭装饰和家务用品部

Maybe there are other reasons that brought about the increase in profit experienced by stores selling home products.  The home product stores could have increased profit by decreasing their expenditures in other areas such as advertisement etc.
Also, the decrease in profit is due to some other reason, such as increased cost of material and labor.

A. To begin with, the argument rests on an unrepresentative survey.
B. Another point worth considering is that the arguer fails to explain what actually caused the decreasing profits of local clothing stores as well as the increasing profits of the stores selling home products.
C. Finally, it is possible that the sales trend in a particular location is not representative of selds in other regions.

18.
题库124
The following appeared in a memorandum from the owner of Carlo’s Clothing to the staff.
“Since Disc Depot, the music store on the next block, began a new radio advertising campaign last year, its business has grown dramatically, as evidenced by the large increase in foot traffic into the store. While the Disc Depot’s owners have apparently become wealthy enough to retire, profits at Carlo’s Clothing have remained stagnant for the past three years. In order to boost our sales and profits, we should therefore switch from newspaper advertising to frequent radio advertisements like those for Disc Depot.”
Carlo's服饰老板给员工的备忘录：
由于Disc Depot，相邻街区的音像店从去年开始新的电台广告，它的业务显著增长，从商店人流量的大量增加就可以看出。当Disc Depot的老板显然已经足够富有可以退休时，Carlo's服饰的利润3年来一直停滞不变(stagneant)。为了促进我们的销售和利润，我们应该像DiscDepot一样从报纸广告转向经常的电台广告

A. First, the argument rests on a fallacy of post hoc, ergo propter hoc.
B. Another problem with this argument is that it suffers from a false analogy.

bigpig

19.题库110
The following appeared as part of a memorandum from the loan department of the Frostbite National Bank.
“We should not approve the business loan application of the local group that wants to open a franchise outlet for the Kool Kone chain of ice cream parlors. Frostbite is known for its cold winters, and cold weather can mean slow ice cream sales. For example, even though Frostbite is a town of 10,000 people, it has only one ice cream spot — the Frigid Cow. Despite the lack of competition, the Frigid Cow’s net revenues fell by 10 percent last winter.”
Frostbite国家银行的借贷部门的备忘录：
我们不应该批准那个希望开一家KK冰激凌连锁店的特许店(parlors)的本地团体的借贷请求。Frostbite以其寒冷的冬天而闻名，而冷天气意味着冰激凌的销售不利。比如，虽然Frostbite是个有10000人的镇子，它却只有一家冰激凌店Frigid Cow。尽管缺乏竞争，Frigid Cow的净收入去年冬天下降了10％。

我的三个攻击点:

1)False analogy：现有企业和新项目不能完全等同，存在的差异可能导致经营业绩不同；

2)Causal oversimplification：城市的寒冬并不能说明产品一定没有很好市场，要做深入的市场调研，研究消费者偏好，制定好的产品战略；

3)Hasty generalization：天气和现有企业两个证据不能充分得出不放贷的决定是明智的。

A. the arguer unfairly assumes that cold weather means slow ice cream sales.
B. In addition, the fact that Frostbite, a town of 10,000 people, has only one ice cream spot does not support the arguer’s conclusion that Frostbite cannot be an ideal location for the Kool Kone chain.
C.Finally, the arguer’s conclusion depends on the questionable assumption that since the Ffigid Cow’s net revenues fell by 10% last winter, the Kool Kone chain will not succeed, either.


20.

The following appeared in a memorandum from the CEO of a consumer electronics manufacturing firm to the head of the company's human resources department, who is responsible for hiring new employees:
“Eight years ago, our firm’s profits were increasing with each new employee we added. We discovered that each employee had the skills and motivation to generate more revenue for the firm than his or her salary cost us. However, for the past two years, our profit margin has been falling, even though we have continued to add employees. Thus, our newer employees are not generating enough revenue to justify their salaries. We must not be hiring new employees with the same level of skills and motivation as those we used to attract. Clearly, then, failures in the human resources department account for our falling profits.”



21.题库62
The following appeared in the letters-to-the-editor section of a local newspaper.
“Muscle Monthly, a fitness magazine that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines, frequently sells out, according to the owner of Skyview Newsstand. To help maximize fitness levels in our town's residents, we should, therefore, equip our new community fitness center with such machines.”
本地报纸上给编者的信板块：
一份叫Muscle Monthly的健康杂志规律性地刊登使用最好的训练器械的健美运动员的照片。据skyview报摊的摊主说它经常卖完。为了提高我镇居民的健康水平，我们应该给我们的新健身中心装备这样的器械。

1.The state-of-the-art exercise machines do not necessarily fit every one.
2.There are other ways to advance the fitness levels of the town’s residents.
3.We should question what the validity and reliability of the owner’s statement.
4.There is no concrete statistic to prove the relationship between sales volume and the report of exercise machines.

A. First, tha arguer unfairly assume that Powerflex sells well in general because it sells well at Skyview Newstand.
B. Second, granting that Powerflex that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines does sell well, there is no evidence that such machines will help maximize fitness levels.
C. Third, these machines that are suitable for body building man not bu suitable to help maximize the fitness level of the town’s residents.
D. Finally, granting that such machines can help maximize fitness levels,, adding such machines to the new commumity center will not ensure that the residents will use them to build up their health.

bigpig

22.题库6
The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to regional life.
“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helios’s unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of the region’s manufacturing jobs. In addition, Helios is attempting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies.”
一份面向(devote to)地方生活的杂志上的一篇文章：
企业在寻找新的商机或位置时应该去Helios城。甚至在最近的衰退中，Helios的失业率也比地区平均水平低，它是地区的工业中心，历史上它提供的比它在地区制造业工作中分享的份额中更多。而且，Helios正试图通过吸引研究和发展革新技术的公司来扩张它的经济基础。

(XDF) 分观点:Another problem with the available work force is its size

(阿T)
这里，作者建议新公司建立到Helios这样的城市，理由是它是该地区的工业中心，而且在最近一次萧条期中，它的失业率低于整个地区的平均失业水平。

问题是，新公司选址，首先应该考虑公司自身的业务特点，人才需求特点，之后再选择适应这些特点的城市。许多新公司是高新技术公司，恐怕在Helios建址就不是个好主意。因为该城市是个历史悠久的工业城市，且劳动力供给以生产型人员为主。也就是说，在这里公司很难招到合适的员工。

另外一点，象这种历史悠久的工业城市，其商业区恐怕趋于饱和，地价方面恐怕难免要偏高，这不利于新公司初建期尽量节约开支的原则。

只看总体失业率也不妥。应该进一步考察一下失业人员的技术含量比例。很有可能的是，总体失业率虽不高，但其中的脑力劳动者的占很大的比例也说不定呢！


23.题库105
The following appeared in an editorial from a newspaper serving the town of Saluda.
“The Saluda Consolidated High School offers over 200 different courses from which its students can choose. A much smaller private school down the street offers a basic curriculum of only 80 different courses, but it consistently sends a higher proportion of its graduating seniors on to college than Consolidated does. By eliminating at least half of the courses offered there and focusing on a basic curriculum, we could improve student performance at Consolidated and also save many tax dollars.”
Saluda镇的报纸的编者按：
Saluda统一高中提过超过200中不同的课程供它的学生选择。路那头一所小的多的私立学校提供80种基本的课程，但是它的毕业生升入大学的比例始终比统一高中要高。去除至少一半的课程而着眼于基本课程，我们可以改善统一高中学生的表现并省下税收收入。

A. In the first place, the smaller number of courses offered by the small private school may not have much to do with its higher percentage of graduating seniors who go to college.
B. In the second place, the arguer fails to consider other possible factors that might contribute to the student performance at Consolidated.

bigpig

24 题库32

The following appeared in the editorial section of a West Cambria newspaper.
“A recent review of the West Cambria volunteer ambulance service revealed a longer average response time to accidents than was reported by a commercial ambulance squad located in East Cambria. In order to provide better patient care for accident victims and to raise revenue for our town by collecting service fees for ambulance use, we should disband our volunteer service and hire a commercial ambulance service.”
一份西Cambria报纸的社论片断：
最近的对西Cambria的志愿救护服务的回顾显示出其对事故的平均应对时间比设在东Cambria的一个商业救护班要长。为了给事故受害者提供更好的医护服务并通过收取急救服务费来提高我们镇的税收，我们应当解散志愿救护并雇佣商业救护服务。

Ans:
1. Lower response time doesn’t necessarily mean a good quality of service, so we can’t just conclude that the commercial ambulance have a better quality of service than West Cambria volunteer ambulance. Maybe personnel in West Cambria volunteer service are better trained and better epuipped.
2. We have to analyze the reason that result in a longer response for West volunteer ambulance service. If it were some unchangeable reasons like traffic jam that cause the longer response time? I don’t think commercial ambulance will conquer this problem.

A. In the first place, the arguer ignores other factors that might account for the longer average response time as revealed bu the recent review.
B. In the second place, the arguer infairly reduces better patient care to shorter response time to accidents.
C. Finally, the arguer fails to support the claim that hiring a commercial ambulance service would automatically raise revenue for West Cambria.





有待完善的题，有信息的同学请提供，谢谢。

1.        大意是说一个传媒公司，offering food-based programming on the Taste Channel has increased amount of the income that the viewers are spending on food.It plans to offer 3 new channels—the Restaurant Network,the Wine Channel,the ***.They are expected to be seccessful for the similar reason..
2.        “AUTOMOBILE——6月的销售策略是陈列LUXURY MODEL,打LUXURY MODEL的广告，然后COMBINED SALES剧烈上涨。2月陈列MORE INEXPENSIVE MODEL，打INEXPENSIVE MODEL的广告，OVERALL SALES下降。经历的结论：应该继续6月的策略，因为只要顾客踏入AUTO LOT然后看到L MODEL就会被吸引然后购买。”
3.        一个咨询公司给一个小规模的啤酒厂的报告（该啤酒厂的啤酒质量很好）：为了拓展市场，啤酒厂应该立刻购买一个激进的分销商，将产品分销到各地。但该厂的生产水平跟不上，delay的生产和分销会increase demand，并且enhance reputation。当生产水平跟上了，则会带来很大的growth，并成为啤酒生产行业的leader。
4.        版本1 Last year全国的mining technology都状态低迷，而做Renewable energy的公司有不少都挺成功（列举了一些能源），因此Blastcom公司认为通过转变策略，devoting research to renewable engergy来盈利并升高公司股价是一定会成功.
版本 2 是说去年能源需求下降，但有一些公司开发新能源利润和股票价格都上升了，所以如果B公司也开发新能源，一定会保证profits和share prices 在未来不受任何decline的影响
5.        作文狗狗AA说W城一直以发展旅游来支柱，但是由于工业发展环境污染，吸引越来越少的游客，revenue下降，作者提出一个发展计划，在W城一些PARKS地下发现mineral deposite,说开始发展mining,肯定极大增长revenue也可以吸纳W原来从事旅游的人去从事mining。
6.        AA：房地产商说在最近5年里，房价几乎翻番，而股市同期甚至有些跌（说的是上海吗？）。而且买房子的人可以享受房子，而买股票就做不到。所以本地居民应该都去买房子。
7讲的是一家软件公司为了削减公司开销而学习 汽车制造业一家巨头的模式， 软件公司打算削减25%的full-time empolyees 来招纳part-time labor.因为不用付给他们加班费，奖金什么的。