BF汇总－答案是原作者的，仅供参考

1.Many cement（水泥） workers suffer persistent skin ailments that are caused by chromium 硌compounds in cement. （Cement processed in kilns（窑，干燥炉） that use hazardous waste as fuel contains substantially higher overall chromium levels than other cement.） There is concern that, （if the use of hazardous waste as fuel for cement kilns becomes the norm, the incidence of those skin ailments among cement worker will increase.） However, the cement processed in kilns fueled by hazardous waste contains the same levels of the chromium compounds that cause skin ailments as does other cement. Clearly, therefore, it is unlikely that the incidence among cement workers of skin ailments caused by chromium compounds will change because of the use of hazardous waste as fuel. In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles? B A) The first provides supports for the position being opposed by the argument as a whole; the second provides support for the conclusion of the argument as a whole. B) The first provides support for the position being opposed by the argument as a whole; the second states the position being opposed by the argument as a whole. C) The first states the position being opposed by the argument as a whole; the second provides support for the position being opposed 2.Union Official: Several workers who operate a certain type of machine have developed repetitive-motion injury, which is often caused by operation poorly designed machinery. Because physiologist employed by the machine's manufacturer have found that workers who maintain good posture while using the machine do not risk developing the condition, the manufacture argues that (the machine's design is not responsible for the worker's condition.) However, when (our own experts conducted careful trial using both new and experienced machine operators,) they concluded that the machine's design makes it difficult for workers to maintain good posture while operation it over long periods. In the union official's argument, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles? B A) The first gives the position that the union official supports; the second identifies the source of evidence that is offered in support of the union official's position. B) The first gives the position that the union official opposes; the second describes the source of evidence that is offered to undermine the manufacturer's position. C) The first gives the position that the union official opposes; the second identifies the source of evidence that was offered in support of the manufacturer's position. D) The first states an intermediate conclusion that is used to support a further conclusion; the second identifies the source of additional inFORMation that is offered in support of that further conclusion. E) The first provides evidence offered in support of the argument's conclusion; the second identifies the source of some additional evidence. 3.The town of Cresset has recently banned smoking in all restaurants within the town limits. There is strong evidence that the ban will prove very damaging to the restaurant business in Cresset. Obviously, smokers who normally dine in Cresset's restaurants will not want to refrain from smoking during their meals, and since there are plenty of restaurants in adjacent communities,（ none of which has antismoking regulations, ）that is where those smokers will go. In fact,（ even groups composed mostly of nonsmokers will probably choose restaurants outside Cresset,） since, presumably, they would wish to accommodate the smokers among them. Towns other than cresset that have instituted smoking ban in situations similar to Cresset's have already seen business volume in their restaurants decline. In the argument given, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles? A A) The first provides evidence to support each of two intermediate conclusions that support the main conclusion; the second states one of those intermediate conclusions. B) The first is evidence supporting an intermediate conclusion that supports the main conclusion; the second states the main conclusion. C) The first states an objection to the main conclusion; the second provides evidence to overcome that objection. D) The first provides support for the main conclusion; the second is evidence that has been used to support the position opposed by the argument. E) Each states an assumption that is made in arguing for the main conlusion. BBA是标准答案 4. 一个是保险公司和偷车： ※※附以往机经版本一： Bf: 保险公司由于被偷车辆的增加利润降低。(保险公司决定增加对安装了防盗设施的车辆的保险)。。。（保险公司将降低保险赔偿） 1为the strategy the argument assess, 2 为conclusion(还有一个选项很混淆，没有完全的把握) 版本二： Bf: 保险公司由于被偷车辆的增加利润降低。(保险公司决定增加对安装了防盗设施的车辆的保险)。。。（保险公司将降低保险赔偿） 1为the strategy the argument suggest, 2 为support this suggestion 版本三：就是保险公司（意识到不可能自己去降低偷车事件的发生），那么为了…他们就(采取了装…)后面现原来机经。我选前一部分是作都排除（rule out a possible alternation）他因，然后提供一个可能有用的办法； 5. 汽车保险BF，整个提干都换了 BF,保险公司那个，黑体子是insurance company knows it can to prevent the theft, 另一段是insurance company plans to set up 防盗系统。我选的是the first part rules out a possibility, the second part is a strategy that the latter half of the paragraph assesses. BF: an insurer got a bad business result for a auto policy because so many thefts. The insurer have no way to deal with the theft, so ( decide to give discount to the auto owner whose car equipped with anti-theft device) Therefor, many auto go to buy anti-theft device. (because anti-theft device is useful for ) so the insurer will get a good business. A.The former is a position the author wants to defend and the later is an evidence to support the position. B.The former is a position the author wants to challenge and the later is its ev idence to oppose to it 第一句话是Strategy，第二句话是Assumption还是Evidence BOLDFACE：汽车保险和防盗装置前面是措施后面是支持这个措施的证据 5.Boldface.一个调查比较M公司的纺织机（mill）生产的纱（yarn）与C公司生产的纱的质量。发现M公司生产的纱不仅缺陷少而且较长。他们发现（M公司在开始生产前对原材料的检验比C公司严格得多），所以他们认为这种treatment造成了差异。After all,(也可能是M公司的原材料本身就比C公司的要好)。我选第一句是evidence支持作者反对的结论。第二句是用来impair该结论的。 6. BF题：环保组织建议买农民地。但农民只会卖给出价最高的房地产商，房地产商会开发土地并影响环保。答案：先说argument要contend to be ineffective的问题，然后说出最后结果；(750) 大意是讲有一群人想保护一块土地，[他们的计划是收购这块地。]但这个计划是无效的，因为很多人要买这块地，通过竞投，肯定是出最高价的人买到。既然花了这么多钱，从经济效益上讲，买的人一定会通过开发土地来收回成本，[结论是这地一定会被开发。 ] [1] strategy experts want to carry out ; [2] is a conclusion, which defeat the strategy 7.BF：A kind of element does harm to worker's eye. （The employer should take measures to control this phenomenon.） The employer refutes that it is not so serious cause when it occurs, it is not late to control it. （But usually it is too late to notice that it has happened.） Answer. The first is a position the arguer presented. The second is the reason to support the arguer's position. 8. 城市改变税收方式BF 版本一：政府为了一个问题采取了一个什么政策，（但这个政策不一定是最有效的。）跟着列举了一些缺点。（其他解决这个问题的政策不会比这个政策耗费更多的资源），所以这个政策不必要。版本二： Officer said......(many evidence described) so.......(boldface), thus, this conclusion is false (boldface) because....... (many evidence described) 解答：The first is the conclusion the officer opposes, and the second is the conclusion of the officer. @供参考附：第一个黑体是a的结论（或者说b所反驳的），第二个黑体是b的position。版本三：非常之长，要有耐心读下去。 a先给出一个什么office的若干表现，（得出其效率低的结论），b（反驳），给出原因。第一个黑体是a的结论（或者说b所反驳的），第二个黑体是b的position。我遇到的是第二个版本，是说政府改变税收政策来解决教育资金的问题。我同意jj的答案。 9. BF （科学发展能从某种种子里培育出抵抗害虫的plant）, however, ( the seed is very expensive), the cost of the seed and the cost of using new fertilizer will outweigh the advantages of the development. But they still decide to use this development. 我选：前面是对一种发展的预测会带来的影响，后面是the evidence to support the argument the conclusion is against. （科学家们用基因工程的方法培育种子），这种种子可以不用杀虫剂，但是这种子却很贵，（所以对农民来说，用这种种子可以不用杀虫剂的好处实际上被此种子较高的成本所抵消了），但是考虑到现代人比较重视绿色食物，指不含杀虫剂的，所以科学家的这种方法还是会普及的。要注意二者都不是最终结论，还有，对第二点作者也是承认的科学家种种子那个，划线的一个是种子比普通的贵，一个是最后一句这种种子还是会普及。 ※※附以往机经：版本一：（科学发展能从某种种子里培育出抵抗害虫的plant）, however, ( the seed is very expensive), the cost of the seed and the cost of using new fertilizer will outweigh the advantages of the development. But they still decide to use this development. 我选：前面是对一种发展的预测会带来的影响，后面是the evidence to support the argument the conclusion is against. 版本二：（科学家们用基因工程的方法培育种子），这种种子可以不用杀虫剂，但是这种子却很贵，所以对农民来说，用这种种子可以不用杀虫剂的好处实际上被此种子较高的成本所抵消了，但是，（现代人比较重视绿色食物），所以科学家的这种方法还是会普及的。第一个是a development that will result in certain prediction；第二个是the assumption of the prediction。版本三： BOLDFACE：（科学家们用基因工程的方法培育种子），这种种子可以不用杀虫剂，但是这种子却很贵，（所以对农民来说，用这种种子可以不用杀虫剂的好处实际上被此种子较高的成本所抵消了），但是考虑到现代人比较重视绿色食物，指不含杀虫剂的，所以科学家的这种方法还是会普及的。要注意二者都不是最终结论，还有，对第二点作者也是承认的。版本四：（科学家们用基因工程的方法培育种子），这种种子可以不用杀虫剂，但是这种子却很贵，所以对农民来说，用这种种子可以不用杀虫剂的好处实际上被此种子较高的成本所抵消了，但是，现代人比较重视绿色食物，（所以科学家的这种方法还是会普及的）。第一个是a development that will result in certain prediction；第二个是什么想不起了，不过是C，D中的一个，另一个有些混淆，细心应该没问题。 10. BF（非常长，满屏） Newton developed new concept and technique, another person *** also written a kind of book that develop the concept and technique independently… Some people argues that……. , and( since ……….. ). The traditional view is false, however. More caution is called for. ( Newton's book only limited to bla bla…) I choose: The first is the evidence of the argument the author criticized, the second is the evidence to support the author's own conclusion. 11.Some people are proposing the application of a new type of film on the surface of airplane. The reason for using the film instead of the old style of paint is that while the airplane is in maintaince, nothing can be done before the paint is dried. However (if apply the new film, other tasks can be done at the same time.) It will improve the work cycle. (Especially, the new film is not more expensive than the old paint.) Therefore, the use of such film should be encouraged. A) The first BF is the benefit cited. the second BF is also the benefit. (WRONG) C) The first BF is the benefit cited. The second BF is denied the counter argument. (Yes) 12.boldface,讲海边某城市要保护该地环境应该采取长期策略，让海边的农民富起来。（只有农民实现了现代化他们才不会把地随意卖掉），however,（如果农民不现代化既使给他们补偿他们也还会把地卖掉的），因此应该采取治标又治本的方法. 13、BF: Someone propose a very strict law. BUT THIS DOESN'T HELP TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF CRIMES. because these people who commits crime twice or more are so old that it is meaningless to put them in the jail. AND IF WE PUT THEM IN THE JAIL,THERE ARE LESS ROOM TO HOLD THOSE YOUNG CRIMINALS,who need more strict laws. 14.BOLD TEXT：版本一： A城要通过提高3%购物税的方式为当地的中学收钱。批评家说如何如何，黑体(这个结论是有道理的)。但是，一些人ARGUE说，黑体(因为一个大公司要在A城建一大的购物中心，并且可以把邻城的人都吸引过来)，所以还是可以征到钱的版本二：一个城市(决定取消property tax , and use sales tax) to fund its education systems. 一堆人提出反对意见,说什末钱不够. (some big chain stores are looking to invest in this city, and the sales tax charged is 6%, is enough for funding the school) - 15、BF：去年就业人数增加了。那么，今年就业人数会增加吗？（It is true that 只有在现有企业提供了更多职务或更多企业成立时，就业人数才会增加。）今年，现有企业提供的职位虽然增加，但速度小于去年。（同时，今年新建企业的数量已经减少，而且平均企业需求人数并未明显增加。）所以，今年就业人数不会增加。 The first is the truth that is acknowledged as the basis for the judgement of a criticism, the second is the evidence for the judgement of the criticism. 16.普遍认为国家公园里黑鹿的数量减少和捕猎的增加有关。(然而，实际原因却是和熊有关)因为……就是证明是熊的原因。我选的是这部分是文章的结论。版本二鹿的减少是因为森林遭到了破坏，但是事实上，(熊在得到保护后，数目的增长也是原因之一)。熊的数量从多少到了多少。问作用；A、是结论C：是事实，并在论述中得到了解释和说明我想了半天，还是选了A。英国某地区因为狩猎的增多使 [deer的数量急剧减少] ，同时考察发现以deer为生的bear的数量也急剧减少。因此可以判断，要保护deer的数量，就必须严禁狩猎。我选的是支持本段的结论。（Deer的数量急剧减少） 17. 自从某市警察局采用了什么政策以后，这个市的犯罪率下降了很多。警察局长说是因为采取了这个政策的原因，但是反对者们说（这个时期全国的犯罪率都下降了很多），因此这个市的犯罪率下降不是采取了这个政策的缘故。警察局长指出，恰恰是因为（全国大部份城市都效仿这个市采取了相似的政策），才使得全国的犯罪率下降了很多。实行一改革政策后，某地的犯罪率下降，所以是改革政策的好。However, （全国的犯罪率都在下降，不能说是改革政策的原因）. Admittedly, （有些地方实行改革政策后，犯罪率有所下降。）但全国最大的第二省，实行这一政策后，犯罪率并没下降。答案记不清了。有reporter说: 警察说用了一方法后，导致案发率降低，但其实不是这个原因，(而是因为整个城市的案发率降低了)。警察说(虽然城市案发率降低，但所有城市都用了这方法，才导致案发率降低,没有用此方法的城市案发率未降低) Answer A, 1. support reporter 观点 2. 反对reporter观点 18.（5）radiocarbon dating对推测古董年代有用，但埃及学者认为（鉴定纸草AGE用不着这种方法），这是有道理的，因为（大多数都可以从内容判断，误差不超过20年），radiocarbon dating误差100年。答案简单。埃及人的文书年代判定，那道（1）作者认为JUSTIFIED （2）EVIDENCE 用CARBONDATING探测SCROLL无效那道。说C方法本来非常有用，但对埃及的SCROLL什么的无效。原因是SCROLL所包含的内容可以判断时间，其误差在20（？）年以内，而C方法的误差只能在100年。是BOLDFACE题。 19.（2）血液含氧量，（给出定义），对人体是很关键的。某某公司生产富氧水（就是含氧气的水），号称对人有好处，可以补充血液含氧量。但这个说法是不对的，（因为人体血液吸收氧气的唯一途径是通过肺）。问下面哪个选项能和以上黑体部分起同样作用？ C）人们在运动时，血液里的含氧量已经足够了 E）那些大牛运动员，他们不喝这个富氧水，一样创造世界记录。选c 一种SUPER OXY饮料能提供血液所需要的物质，建议在GYM内销售以配合EXERCISE。黑体字是：血液所需要的这种物质只能通过肺吸收来提供。问哪句和黑体字起相同作用。选人们在运动时产生的这种物质已经超过血液所需要的量了。版本三：有人生产出一种新药，可以增加吸氧量，于是就有人说会好卖。问那个可起同样作用：前人机警误导：应是bloodstream里的含氧量就太多吸收不了 20. CITY OFFICER: 有INSURE的病人在医院受到的待遇明显比没有INSURE的病人高，这是符合常理的。（有CRITICS说：这种做法UNFAIR。）（但是这种CRITICS是不对的）后面还有内容，没看，不影响做题。问此两句话分别的作用。前一句是 CITY OFFICER 反对的论点；后一句是提供反对HOSPITAL CRITICS 的CONCLUSION , 大意如此）版本二市政官员：有人批评医院对有无保险的病人区别对待，（这是不对的云云），（因为什么什么）题干很长，但答案很明显。 21.Greek 文字起源（2）说发现的最早的文字记录大概在B.C.1600年，但作者认为 SHOULD BE AT LEAST 200YEARS EARLIER THAN THAT DATE，因为书写的方向有左到右，右到左都有，又说PXXXX的文字也是这样的什么什么，接下来的内容我也没整明白，望其他网友补充，这道题我看以后定会常考。罗马发现一文物证明xx是在8世纪出现的，但是实际上xx的出现至少可以提前2个世纪，（文物的文字有从左到右和从右到左的），而8世纪以后的文字都是从左到右的，（罗马人想p人学习文化，用了两个世纪学了他们的从左到右），。。。 the first is the evidence to support the argument, the second is the assumption 另外一个版本：某些考古文物显示，某部落写字时从左到右的顺序是在8000B。C。出现的，significantly, （保存资料显示有从左到右的也有从右到左的，）这种说法关系到对古文物的考察，（因为除非此部落中间有两千年（从左右兼用到发现8000BC的文物）没有用从左到右的资料否则不可能。 24. BF题。某公司希望经理有处理国际事务的经验，遂（派出经理赴海外学习），但是。。。。，因为（不去海外学习也可以达到什么什么目的），所以该政策可以不实施。选前一句为作者要评价的一项policy，后一句为该政策不必要的理由。 boldface: 某公司希望经理有处理国际事务的经验，于是（派出经理赴海外学习），但是...，因为（不去海外学习也可以达到什么什么目的），所以该政策可以不实施。 My answer: 前一句为作者要评价的一项practice，后一句为该政策不必要的理由(not needed)。其它暂时记不起来了。 25: BF：我的两道BF是连着出的，让我当时是喜忧参半，只记得一道：政府决定减少路边BILLBOARD的数量，但由于（求登广告的数目增加和BILLBOARD的数目减少），。。。。（广告公司的利润不会减少只会增加，）IN ADDITION，大的广告公司会赢利，而小的广告公司会有可能RULE OUT FROM THE MARKE （我选E，EACH OF THEM IS EVIDENCE OF INTERMIDEATE CONCLUSION TO A FURTHER CONCLUSION） 26历史学家认为（某个地方某段时间内的人口记录是正确的），每5年内人口都有一个大的decrease，……（此地区为了减少税收还是什么的，每次都会尽量少保人口），因此这个人口统计是不确切的。 My answer：依稀记得是前一个是历史学家认为正确的结论，后面是作者反驳历史学家结论的证据。古意大利的某城市的人口普查的方法十分科学和详尽。但是，这种方法却不能保证最后的人口调查结果是正确的。（当时的政府根据每个镇、村子的人口数目来收税）BLAH BLAH BLAH一堆废话。（每一次新的收税即将执行前，人口普查数字总会比以前下降）。 27. A highland once was a forest, and now the tree disappeared and only some kind of grass left.(It must be the fault of human\\\'s activities and agriculture development).Because the grass has exited even before the forest, and grew fast,...(it should be the grass which cause the disappearance of the forest.) Ask: what is the relationship of the boldface()? 28. 最后第二题遇到一道BOLDFACE题，好象是农民采用了ORGANIC新技术后，（在种东东方面比SYNTHETIC 更有效率，）政府怎么怎么的，（所以，今后几年ORGANIC 会更有发展空间。问BOLDFACE的两句话的关系。大概意思就是这样了，然后我选了前者是“a sub-conclusion supporting the main conclusion”, 后者是“the main conclusion”。 29. 科学家发现 (某地H的作物长的好), W 地长的不好. 解释是因为H在什么什么方面作的比较好, 而 (W 在这些方面作的不好.) (括号内为BOLDFACE) 30. 有人认为人类农业活动是破坏一种森林的主要原因。但是，（人类活动在2000年前开始），造成的一种什么东西有一英尺高，而森林里的树都在四英尺以上。科学家认为是气候原因造成的这种破坏而不是人类农业活动。好象是这个意思，因为当时脑子太昏，记不清楚了。 31. a chain of the retailer shops close more shops and open some other shops, but (the total profits have risen).……… the profit of the most profitable shop only increased xx% ,but the loss of the closed shop decreased yy% (y>x) , so ( the increase of the total profit is due to the ……) the number of opened shops > the number of closed shops 32. Many companies. (Since using the title will create hierarchy, which gets in the way of internal communication). However, some executives thought that the using of executive title is good for their work with people outside the company. (So titles inside and outside of the company.) 选项的顺序可能不准，但内容可供参考 C A: the first one is the positions the author wants to challenge; the second is the position the author defenses. B: the first one is the positions the author wants to defense; the second supports the author C: the first one is a phenomena the author wants to challenge; the second is the position the author defenses. Boldfaces: Using title in the company, consultant says... 版本一：BOLD FACE题目：有人怕在公司中不应该用EXECUTIVE。。。的称呼，（应为这样可能会影响公司内部的合作）。咨询公司建议在公司内部不用EXECUTIVE的称呼，在外部则使用该称呼。（这样一来既能提高公司人员在社会上的威望，又不影响公司内的合作）一是一个可能产生某种问题的措施不被采用的原因。二是咨询公司的建议所带的效果。版本二：boldface：说公司的人在交流中不应该用Title，因为这样不利于内部的交流（团结）。（However，使用Title有利于在和外界打交道）。然后后面有说了一句，然后再来黑体。答案我在A、C中徘徊最后选A（第二个黑体是用来支持第一段黑体的）版本三：Boldface：Executive title在公司内部不应该使用，应为。。。不好，但在公司外部应该用(因为。。。反正是好处)，所以Recommend在公司外部使用，因为(在外部用不影响公司内部) 我选：两个都支持了recommendation的 33. 某地bog很多，因为(deforestration was caused by human activity, especially by development of agriculture), 农业是从2000年前发展至今，bog中腐烂植物的厚度2000年的积累大约为1feet, (但此地的厚度为4feet, 并且在6000至7000年前，此地的气候变化有利于bog的产生)，证明不是人为原因造成deforestration. My choice: The first one is a position the author wants to reject, the second on 34. “outservice”是指把企业的一个产品或服务包给另一个提供更便宜更好的服务或产品的公司,这样可以提高企业的利润. 正是处于这个目的,企业不应该这样做. 因为这样就有供应危险,企业的某一部分有别的公司所掌控是很对企业不利的,所以企业不应该采取 outservice的做法. 我选的是最后一个答案: 两句话都是作者的结论 Boldbace: 划线句子1: 正是出于此目的,企业不应这样做划线句子2: 所以企业不应采取"outservice"的做法 35. 明年某地区的建设不会增加。（这一地区的建设主要来源于大公司和小公司），大公司的建设由于某种原因不可能在明年增长，（小公司的建设由于某种原因肯定会下降）。所以没有理由认为明年这一地区的建设会增长。选项中的前3个明显不是，后两个比较象，ETS 在这里比较狡猾。答案为：前者是一个前提，后者是部分的理由。 36.（某座山上的某种树不见了而另一种树流行了）。以前普遍认为这是人类破坏的后果，但。。一堆废话。。。所以，（原因不是人类破坏而是自然界的变化）问前一句和后一句的关系我选前一句是要被谈到的问题, 后一句是结论。 37. (推出新产品的战略是先把价格压到市场能承受的价格下)但是大多数厂家为了尽可能多的赚取利润，通常先抬高价格，因为新产品很容易被surpass，（the drawback of 高额的利润会吸引许多企业都来生产这种产品）我选的是the first sentence presents a strategy....,the second setence rejecting an alternative strategy. 38. BF。 the scientists conclude that the water mills at location A is better than the water mill atlocation B. The conclusion is reasonable.

[此贴子已经被dadaoets于2002-11-15 14:09:49编辑过]