GMAT考试 - 作文提纲-AA模板

walnut

开头：
Citing facts drawn from the              indicate                             ，the author argues that 　　 will likewise be able to　　　　． in support of this conclusion the author cites the general principle  that           . This principle, coupled with the fact that                 , leads to the author’s rosy prediction. This argument is unconvincing because it suffers from two critical flaws.
This prediction is based on the expectation that _______________, together with statistics, reportedly stable for N years, indicate that_________________.
This article recommends A over B for                  , the only reason offered is that                  ,while this reason is relevant, and provides some grounds for                          , it is insufficient as it stands because it depends on three unwarranted assumptions.
Recent                 lead to the author to predict                      .                           are cited as the main reasons for  this optimistic outlook. All of these factors are indeed relevant to                    ，so the prediction appears reasonable on its face, however, three questionable assumptions operative in is argument bear close examination.

walnut

中间段：
(错误类比)
The author assumes that the A and B are sufficiently similar to warrant a conclusion based on an analogy between them. Even if we accept the view that 对A确实适用，differences between the A and B could drastically alter the outcome for B. for example, Lacking information about the A and B , it is difficult to assess the author’s recommendation. Different between the two industries clearly outweigh the similarities, thus making the analogy highly suspect.  

（时间上的先后不能证明有因果关系）this argument is a classic instance of “after this, therefore because of this” reasoning.  The only reason offered for believing 结论 is the fact that the former preceded the latter. No additional evidence linking the two events is offered in the argument, thus leaving open the possibility that the two events are not causally related but merely correlated. This in turn leaves open the possibility that factors other than the one cited are responsible for 结论.      
To begin with, the report fails to establish a causal connection between                   ,The mere fact that R coincide with D is insufficient to conclude that D caused R, without compelling evidence to support the causal connection between these two events, the report’s recommendations are not worthy of consideration,
(因果关系简单化)
this assumption is questionable because it overlooks a number of other factors that might contribute
poor assumption is that, even assuming                                 , NO extrinsic factors will stifle this assumption. This assumption is unwarranted. Any number of extrinsic factors—such as a downturn in the federal economy or significant layoffs at S’s largest business---may stall the current restaurant surge. because the author fails to eliminate these possibilities, the assumption In question need not be accepted.
（调查不可靠）1.  The author fails to indicate what individual characteristics of A were used as criteria for the ranking. 2. The author provides no indication of how each characteristic was weighted in the ranking. 3. The author fails to indicate how many cities were included in the survey.
（数据信息不可靠）First, the statistics cited in the editorial may be misleading because the total number of workers employed by the corporation is not specified. For example,  if 公司有2000个员工，%79 of 1200 员工关心these topics provides strong support for the conclusion. On the other hand, if the 公司有200000个员工，the conclusion is much weaker.
Next , the poll cited by the author is described in the vaguest possible terms, the ad does not indicate who conducted the poll , who responded, or how the poll was conducted, until these questions are answered, the survey results are worthless as evidence for                              
（数据不具有代表性）the example cited, while suggestive of these trends, is insufficient to warrant their truth because there is no reason to believe that data drawn from 部分地区 is representative of the entire 地区。If the subjects for the study were randomly chosen and represent a diverse cross section of the population of shampoo users, the results will be reliable regardless of the number of participants.
（让步写法）but even if    条件成立   ， would this be a compelling reason to 得出结论

walnut

结尾段：
Neither of these alternatives seems enticing to companies seeking to relocate .
As it stands the author’s argument is not compelling. unconvincing, poorly reasoned,
to strengthen the argument, the author must provide evidence that                     and rule out factors other than, would have to involve examining and eliminating other possible causal factors. Only with more convincing evidence could this argument become more than just an emotional appeal.

In conclusion, this argument is weak because it depends on an oversimplified assumption about the causal connection between A and B, to strengthen the argument, the author must identify and explore relevant factors beyond cost before concluding that   
I would not accept the conclusion without first determining: