求解一道狒狒逻辑

overdrivewang

21. Historian: We can learn about the medical history of individuals through chemical analysis of their hair. It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton’s psychological problems were due to mercury poisoning; traces of mercury were found in his hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock of Beethoven’s hair. Although no convincing argument has shown that Beethoven ever had a venereal disease, some people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness. Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease, if researchers find a trace of mercury in his hair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the historian’s argument depends?
(A) None of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated.
(B) Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.
(C) Mercury is an effective treatment for venereal disease.
(D) Mercury poisoning can cause deafness in people with venereal disease.
(E) Beethoven suffered from psychological problems of the same severity as Newton’s.

答案为什么会是B呢？？？纠结啊。。。。。。。。

yknxhdsy

不是nn，简单说下：
遇到假设题目需要留意带否定词的选项，优先采用取非削弱的思路。

B取非思路：Some people in Beethoven’s time did ingest mercury，这说明不可以通过mecury在头发里的痕迹来推断贝多芬患过venereal disease。那么历史学家的逻辑链（mercury=>veneral disease=>deafness）就掉链子了。
正向思路：需要加强一点就是ingest mercury只会用于治疗venereal disease。

其他选项：
A：mercury是否能被消除与论证无关；
C：Mercury本身的治疗有效性与论证无关；
D：与hypotheisis重复，不是假设；
E：severity与论证无关。

iyouhu

这个不是很清楚了

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Isabella1006

专门说一下B为什么对吧。题干的最后是说，因为治疗V病需要吃M，M会导致耳聋，所以如果能在贝多芬的头发里发现M就能证明贝多芬

的耳聋是得了V病引起的。。B的意思就是说啊，贝多芬那时候的人有一些是不会吃M的。（如果所有人都吃M的话，那么贝多芬头发里的M就不能说明是因为得

V病造成的了，还有可能是饮食里有M造成的。）这个假设排除了一个否定结论的可能性。

overdrivewang

谢谢各位解答，I got it