请大牛帮帮忙

hongnilvyi

Excavations of the Roman city of Sepphoris have uncovered numerous detailed mosaics depicting several readily identifiable animal species:  a hare, a partridge, and various Mediterranean fish.  Oddly, most of the species represented did not live in the Sepphoris region when these mosaics were created.  Since identical motifs appear in mosaics found in other Roman cities, however, the mosaics of Sepphoris were very likely created by traveling artisans from some other part of the Roman Empire.


Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?


A The Sepphoris mosaics are not composed exclusively of types of stones found naturally in the Sepphoris area.

B  There is no single region to which all the species depicted in the Sepphoris mosaics are native.

C  No motifs appear in the Sepphoris mosaics that do not also appear in the mosaics of some other Roman city.

D All of the animal figures in the Sepphoris mosaics are readily identifiable as representations of known species.

E There was not a common repertory of mosaic designs with which artisans who lived in various parts of the Roman Empire were familiar.

B选项错误的原因是讨论的内容与文章无关因此可以直接排除吗？还是需要根据意思来推理来排除？

第二题 In order to raise revenue, the federal government planned a tax amnesty program that allows tax delinquents to pay all owed tax without added financial penalty. However, economists projected that the federal government would collect a far lower percentage of total tax owed by delinquents than did state governments implementing similar programs.

Which of the following, if true, would most contribute to an explanation of the economists’ projections?

A Tax amnesty programs are only successful if they are widely publicized.

B Most people who honestly pay their state tax are equally honest in paying their federal tax.

C  Although federal tax delinquents usually must pay high financial penalties, the states require far lower financial penalties.

D The state tax rate varies considerably from state to state, but the federal tax is levied according to laws which apply to citizens of all the states.

E  Unlike most federal tax delinquents, most state tax delinquents fail to pay state tax because of an oversight rather than a decision not to pay.
和第一题问题一样D选项错误是与文章内容无关还是因为逻辑上不对？如果是和文章内容无关的话 大牛们通常是如何判断的？

SMARTCATHYT

第一题B取非后对原文貌似没有影响。原文的推断不是建立在B成立的基础上

Isabella1006

我试着回答一下。
第一题是说：在罗马S市出土了大量的M，上面描绘了一些动物的物种。奇怪的是，当M被创造出的时候，S市并没有这些物种。因为罗马的其他城市有这些物种，所以结论是：这些M是由其他城市的艺术家运过来的。问假设。
假设题有一个方法是：取非后，会削弱结论。B选项说的是：M上的所有物种并不是native to唯一一个地区。取非后：即使它们是在同一个地区，只要不是在S市，对结论是没有影响的。而E选项罗马各个地区的艺术家对于M的描绘艺术并不熟悉。取非之后是，罗马几乎各个地区的艺术家对于M的刻绘艺术都很熟，那么不需要从别的城市运过来，S市艺术家自己就可以创造出M，削弱了结论，为答案。

kronorrt

第二题是说，为了提高税收收入，联邦政府决定允许延期交税的人只交税而不付罚金。专家预测：即使联邦政府实行了这样的政策，对于拖欠税款的人，收的税还是要比州政府收的税少。问解释。
看到这个我的第一反应是，答案应该是从联邦政府、州政府的不同上。AB排除。C削弱了专家的话，没有解释。D选项虽然说了州和联邦政府的不同，但是是说州、州之间税率不同，而联邦政府在各州间税率相同，没有回答即使改变政策还是不能让拖欠税的人交税。而E说出州、联邦政府因为拖欠税的原因不同，解释了为什么政策没用。
我觉得应该从答案是不是紧扣住结论和文章的中心思想来判断是不是无关。
希望能帮助你，Wish U good luck！

hongnilvyi

呵呵，懂了，谢谢楼上的高手

hanshipeng

However, economists projected that the federal government would collect a far lower percentage of total tax owed by delinquents than did state governments implementing similar programs.
我觉得C选项Although federal tax delinquents usually must pay high financial penalties, the states require far lower financial penalties.不对不是因为削弱，而是因为无关。文中是比较2个政府都执行similar programs的情况，不是usually