2010年新托福听力习语题剖析

天心

　　基本介绍:
　　习语题是考察对当代英语口语，尤其是北美流行习语掌握程度的题型。习语题是听力中常考的一种题型，因为习语题主要出现在日常口语种，不论是平时非正式的对话，还是较为严肃的场合，如课堂和会议，习语的出现都是屡见不鲜的。一般来说，在新听力考试种，总会有1至2个习语题出现。
　　出题形式:
　　习语题通常都是以what 开头的特殊疑问句， 一般来说问的比较直接， 例如:
　　What does the professor mean when he says this?
　　A: Henry James was one of the critics who had very few comments on Whitman.
　　B: Henry James was one of the critics who thought Whitmans works lacked sweetness.
　　C; Henry James was one of the critics who firmly believed Whitman was good.
　　D: Henry James was among those who criticized Whitmans works intensely.
　　What does the professor mean by saying___?
　　What does X refer to?

天心

　　剖析习语:
　　在做习语题的时候经常会碰到一些难题。其难题之一就是当几个熟悉的单词在一起构成短语时，其短语的整体意思与单词本身的意思则大相径庭，这便是习语的难点所在。每一种语言都有它独特的习语。一般说来，有些习惯用语从字面上看不出它们的确切意思，这是因为考生不可能从组成某个习语的字面上来懂得它的意思。另外还有些习语在不同场合却表达不同的意思，它们在词典上的解释是相同的，但是却有不同的用法。所以在解这类题目的时候是需要积累一些这方面的素材的. 例如:
　　in the pink 是表示s admirers for the simple reason that the opinions of his detractors have remained static. Early critics， like later ones， violently objected to Whitmans technique and subject matter. Among them was Henry James， whose criticism was nothing short of bitterness.
　　Narrator: Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.
　　Professor: Among them was Henry James， whose criticism was nothing short of bitterness.
　　What does the professor mean when he says this?
　　A: Henry James was one of the critics who had very few comments on Whitman.
　　B: Henry James was one of the critics who thought Whitmans works lacked sweetness.
　　C; Henry James was one of the critics who firmly believed Whitman was good.
　　D: Henry James was among those who criticized Whitmans works intensely.
　　解析:
　　Nothing short of 是 一点儿也不少，非常 之意.
　　答案A，B将该习语强行分割开， 如将nothing 对应few， 将short of 对应lack. 因此A，B 予以排除.
　　答案C正好将词义本末倒置，也予以排除. 答案为D.
　　因此正确答案为D.

天心

　　What does big shot refer to?
　　A：Do you know Mr. Smith?
　　B：No， but I know of him. Hes a big shot in the local politics.
　　A：Im told hes only a yes-man.
　　B：Yes， I hate that. At present， what we want is a strong， independent leader， not a bunch of yes-man.
　　解析:
　　1. 通过上下文所谈论的可以知道是在谈关于领导人的话题， 材料大意:
　　甲：你认识史密斯先生吗?
　　乙：不认识，但我知道这人，他在本地政界是个举足轻重的人物。
　　甲：我听说他是个和事佬。
　　乙：没错儿，我就恨这个。现在，我们要的是强有力的、有主见的领导人，可不是和事佬儿。
　　2. 从上下文的推断中，可以了解到big short 是指地位高有实力的这么一个人， 可以理解为要人 因此可以得到问题的答案了.
　　总之在做习语题的时候一定要多多积累，根据材料的上下文去推断.不要解释习语的字面意思， 脱离语境，制造混乱， 不准确或不完整的解释。